YB/T 4130-2005 English PDF (YBT4130-2005)

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YB/T 4130-2005: Refractory materials. Determination of thermal conductivity(calorimeter)
YB/T 4130-2005
YB
FERROUS METALLURGY INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 81.080
Q 43
Refractory materials - Determination of thermal
conductivity (calorimeter)
ISSUED ON: APRIL 11, 2005
IMPLEMENTED ON: AUGUST 01, 2005
Issued by: National Development and Reform Commission, People's Republic of
China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Definitions ... 4
4 Principle ... 5
5 Equipment ... 5
6 Specimen ... 8
7 Test steps ... 8
8 Calculation ... 10
9 Test report ... 10
Refractory materials - Determination of thermal
conductivity (calorimeter)
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the definition, principle, equipment, specimens, test procedures,
test error, etc. of test method for refractory material thermal conductivity (calorimeter).
This Standard applies to the determination of the thermal conductivity of refractory
materials with a hot surface temperature of 200°C~1300°C and a thermal conductivity
of 0.03 W/(m·K) ~ 2.00 W/(m·K).
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding
corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard, however, parties who reach an
agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document applies.
GB/T 8170, Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression and
judgement of limiting values
3 Definitions
Thermal conductivity refers to the heat transferred through the unit area of the material
along the heat flow direction under the unit temperature gradient per unit time. It can
be represented as:
Where,
λ - the thermal conductivity, in watts per meter Kelvin (W/(m·K));
q - the heat flux density per unit time, in watts per square meter (W/m2);
dT/dx - a temperature gradient, in Kelvin per meter (K/m).
surface; 8. Terminal; 9. Insulating porcelain tube; 10. Protective cover; 11. High aluminum fiber;
12. Supporting block; 13. Specimen; 14. Backing plate; 15. Glass fiber cloth; 16. Calorimeter
5.2 Calorimeter system
5.2.1 The central calorimeter, the first protective calorimeter and the second protective
calorimeter are all made of red copper material with small specific heat and good
thermal conductivity. Make sure that the three calorimeters are on the same level.
5.2.2 The central calorimeter is a double-circuit water channel to ensure that the
temperature of the calorimeter is uniform.
5.2.3 The temperature rise thermocouple stack is made of 10 pairs of Φ3 mm copper-
constantan thermocouple wires, which are used to measure the temperature rise of the
water flowing in and out of the central calorimeter.
5.2.4 The temperature difference zeroing thermocouple stack is made of 8 pairs of Φ0.3
mm copper-constantan thermocouple wires, which are used to measure the temperature
difference between the central calorimeter and the first protection calorimeter.
5.3 Water supply system
The water flow rate of the central calorimeter should be adjustable within the range of
30 g/min ~ 120 g/min.
The constant pressure water tank shall have upper water, lower water and overflow
devices to maintain stable water pressure during the test. Make sure that the water
temperature fluctuation is not greater than 0.6°C during the test. The constant pressure
water tank is installed about 2.5 m above the ground.
5.4 Fixing ring for measuring bulk material
The ring made of refractory material has an inner diameter of (180±2) mm and an outer
diameter of (210±2) mm.
5.5 Backing plate
5.6 Other appliances
5.6.1 Thermocouple: Φ0.5 mm S-type lead-rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple is used
to control the temperature of the cold and hot surfaces of the specimen and the
temperature of the heating furnace. Thermocouples should be calibrated periodically.
5.6.2 Electrical signal measuring device: use UJ33a DC potentiometer or electrical
signal measuring instruments above 0.05 level.
5.6.3 Stopwatch: the resolution is 0.1 s.
5.6.4 Vernier caliper: the division value is 0.02 mm.
7.3 Furnace loading
7.3.1 Put the prepared glass fiber cloth with a diameter of 220 mm and the backing plate
of the required material on the calorimeter in sequence. Place the ends of the
thermocouples measuring the temperature of the cold side at the center of the backing
plate.
7.3.2 Place the specimen on the backing plate (on the cold side thermocouple). Use
hand to gently press. Make a minimum gap between the backing plate and the specimen.
7.3.3 Place support blocks made of lightweight material on the edge of the specimen
(one every 120°). Then fill the gaps around the specimen with high alumina fiber cotton.
7.3.4 Place the hot junction of the thermocouple measuring the temperature of the hot
surface at the center of the hot surface of the specimen.
7.3.5 Place the vapor chamber on the support block so that the vapor chamber is parallel
to the specimen. The spacing is 10 mm ~ 15 mm. Cover tightly with fiber felt (blanket)
around the vapor chamber. The calorimeter, pad, backing plate, specimen and vapor
chamber should be coaxial.
Cover the furnace cover. Make it have no gap with the lower part of the furnace.
7.4 Heating
Heat according to one of the following provisions:
a) Generally, the specimen is heated from room temperature to the test temperature
at a temperature not greater than 10°C/min. Keep temperature constant at the test
temperature for 50 min.
b) For silicon products, heat up at 5°C/min from room temperature to test
temperature. Keep temperature constant at the test temperature for 50 min.
c) For monolithic refractory materials, from room temperature to test temperature,
the temperature should be increased by no more than 10°C/min. Keep temperature
constant at the test temperature for 120 min.
d) Heat up according to the process requirements of the product.
7.5 Measurement
7.5.1 Regulate the water flow to the central calorimeter. The flow rate is determined
according to the material of the specimen, which is generally controlled within the range
of 30 g/min ~ 120 g/min.
7.5.2 Adjust the water flow of the first protection calorimeter so that the temperature
difference between the central calorimeter and the first protection calorimeter is zero.
Allow fluctuation ±0.005 mV.
7.5.3 Measure the potential of hot surface thermocouple and cold surface thermocouple.
7.5.4 Measure the water temperature rise, i.e.: the potential of 10 pairs of thermocouples.
7.5.5 Measure the water flow in central calorimeters. Each test temperature point is
measured three times. Measure once every 10 min. Then calculate the average value.
The deviation of each measured value from the average value is not more than 10%,
otherwise it should be re-measured.
8 Calculation
8.1 Calculate the thermal conductivity according to formula (4):
Where,
λ - the thermal conductivity, in watts per meter Kelvin (W/(m·K));
k - the constant, in joules per gram millivolt square meter (J/(g·mV·m2);
Δmv - the electromotive force difference of the water temperature rise of the central
calorimeter, in millivolts (mV);
w - the water flow of the central calorimeter, in grams per second (g/s);
δ - the thickness of the specimen, in meters (m);
t1 - the tempera...