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JGJ 52-2006
UDC JGJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P JGJ 52-2006
Standard for technical requirements and test method of
sand and crushed stone (or gravel) for ordinary concrete
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 19, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2007
Issued by: Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
Table of Content
1 General ... 8 
2 Terms and symbols ... 9 
2.1 Terms ... 9 
2.2 Symbols ... 10 
3 Quality requirements ... 12 
3.1 Quality requirements on sand ... 12 
3.2 Quality requirements on stone ... 15 
4 Acceptance, transportation and piling ... 21 
5 Sampling and division ... 22 
5.1 Sampling ... 22 
5.2 Division of sample ... 24 
6 Test method of sand ... 26 
6.1 Screen analysis test of sand ... 26 
6.2 Apparent density test of sand (standard method) ... 28 
6.3 Apparent density test of sand (simple method) ... 29 
6.4 Water-absorbing capacity test of sand ... 31 
6.5 Bulk density and tight density test of sand ... 33 
6.6 Water content rate test of sand (standard method) ... 35 
6.7 Water content rate test of sand (rapid method) ... 36 
6.8 Dust content test of sand (standard method) ... 37 
6.9 Dust content test of sand (siphon method) ... 38 
6.10 Clay lump content test of sand ... 39 
6.11 Crusher dust content test of artificial sand and mixed sand (methylene blue method) . 40 
6.12 Crushing value index test of artificial sand ... 43 
6.13 Organic material content test of sand ... 45 
6.14 Mica content test of sand ... 46 
6.15 Light material content test of sand ... 47 
6.16 Soundness test of sand ... 49 
6.17 Sulfate and sulfide content test of sand ... 52 
6.18 Chloride ion content test of sand ... 53 
6.19 Shell content test of sea sand (hydrochloric acid washing method) ... 54 
6.20 Alkali activity test of sand (rapid method) ... 56 
6.21 Alkali activity test of sand (mortar length method) ... 59 
7 Test method of stone ... 63 
7.1 Screen analysis test of crushed stone or gravel ... 63 
7.2 Apparent density test of crushed stone or gravel (standard method) ... 64 
7.3 Apparent density test of crushed stone or gravel (simple method) ... 66 
7.4 Water content rate test of crushed stone or gravel ... 68 
7.5 Water-absorbing capacity test of crashed stone or gravel ... 69 
7.6 Bulk density and tight density test of crushed stone or gravel ... 70 
7.7 Dust content test of crushed stone or gravel ... 73 
7.8 Clay lump content test of crushed stone or gravel ... 74 
7.9 Total content test of elongated and flaky particle of crushed stone or gravel ... 75 
7.10 Organic material content test of gravel ... 78 
7.11 Soundness test of crushed stone or gravel ... 79 
7.12 Compressive strength test of rock ... 82 
7.13 Crushing value index test of crushed stone or gravel ... 83 
7.14 Sulfate and sulfide content test of crushed stone or gravel ... 85 
7.15 Alkali activity test of crushed stone or gravel (petrographic method) ... 87 
7.16 Alkali activity test of crushed stone or gravel (rapid method) ... 89 
7.17 Alkali activity test of crushed stone or gravel (mortar length method) ... 92 
7.18 Alkali activity test of carbonate aggregate (rock column method) ... 95 
Annex A Test report form of sand ... 98 
Annex B Test report form of stone ... 99 
Descriptions for word use of this Standard ... 100 
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Natural sand
The rock particles with a nominal diameter of less than 5.00mm formed by natural
conditions. In accordance with its resource, it can be divided into river sand, sea sand
and hill sand.
2.1.2 Artificial sand
The rock particles with a nominal diameter of less than 5.00mm, formed through soil
removal and mining, mechanical crushing and screening of rock.
2.1.3 Mixed sand
The sand composed of natural sand and artificial sand in a certain proportion.
2.1.4 Crushed stone
The rock particles with a nominal diameter greater than 5.00mm, obtained by crushing
and screening natural rocks or gravels.
2.1.5 Gravel
The rock particles with a nominal diameter greater than 5.00mm formed by natural
conditions.
2.1.6 Dust content
The content of particles with a nominal diameter of less than 80μm in sand and stone.
2.1.7 Clay lump content in sands
The content of particles with a nominal diameter greater than 1.25mm in sands and
becoming less than 630μm after washing with water and kneading in hand.
2.1.8 Clay lump content in stones
The content of particles with a nominal diameter greater than 5.00mm in stones and
becoming less than 2.50mm after washing with water and kneading in hand.
2.1.9 Crusher dust content
The content of particles, in the artificial sand, whose nominal diameter is less than
80μm and whose mineral composition and chemical composition are the same as the
processed parent rock.
4 Acceptance, transportation and piling
4.0.1 Product certificate and quality test report of sand or stone shall be provided by
supplying organization.
The use organization shall accept the sand or stone in batches according to the same
origin and specifications. For transportation by large-scale tools (such as train, cargo
ship or automobile), 400m3 or 600t shall be accepted as one batch. For transportation
using small-scale tools (such as tractor, etc.), 200m3 or 300t shall be accepted as one
batch. If the amount is less than the above-mentioned amount, it shall be accepted
according to an acceptance batch.
4.0.2 At least tests on particle grading, dust content and clay lump content shall be
required for the acceptance of each batch of sand or stone. About crushed stone or
gravel, elongated and flaky particle content shall be tested. For sea sand or sand
polluted with chloride ion, test on chloride ion content shall be required. For sea sand,
test on shell content shall be required. For artificial sand or mixed sand, test on crusher
dust content shall be required. For important or special engineering, additional test
item shall be required in accordance with engineering requirement. When there is
doubt about the eligibility of other indexes, they shall be tested.
If the quality of sand and stone is stable, and supplying quantity is large, per 1000t
shall be accepted as one batch.
If sand or stone from new resource is used, the supplying organization shall conduct
a comprehensive test in accordance with the quality requirements in chapter 3 of this
Standard.
4.0.3 The following shall be included in quality test report of use organization:
entrusting organization, number of sample, name of engineering, resource of sample,
sort, represented quantity, test basis, test conditions, test item, test result, conclusion,
etc. Format in Annex A and Annex B can be adopted.
4.0.4 The quantity of sand and stone can be accepted in unit of mass or volume. Mass
can be determined in accordance with platform truck scale or ship water line; while
volume can be determined in accordance with volume of truck or ship. It can be
determined in accordance with measuring if other small-scale transportation tools are
used.
4.0.5 During the transportation, loading-unloading and piling of sand or stone, it shall
avoid particle segregation and mixing with inclusion; it shall be piled in accordance
with resource, sort and specification, respectively. The piling height of crushed stone
or gravel should not exceed 5m. For single granulometric class or continuous
granulometric class whose maximum particle diameter does not exceed 20mm, piling
height can be increased to 10m.
6 Test method of sand
6.1 Screen analysis test of sand
6.1.1 This method is applicable to determination of particle grading and fineness
modulus of sand for ordinary concrete.
6.1.2 The following apparatus shall be used for screen analysis test of sand:
1 Test screen - One square-hole screen with a nominal diameter of 10.0mm,
5.00mm, 2.50mm, 1.25mm, 630μm, 315μm, 160μm, respectively. One bottom
tray and one cover of the screen; the diameter of the screen frame is 300mm or
200mm. Requirements in current national standard “Test sieves of metal wire
cloth” GB/T 6003.1 and “Test sieves of perforated metal plate” GB/T 6003.2 shall
be followed for product quality;
2 Balance - 1000g weighing range in precision of 1g;
3 Wrinkle screening machine;
4 Drying oven - Temperature controlled within (105±5)°C;
5 Shallow tray, hard/soft hair brush etc.
6.1.3 The following specification shall be followed for sample preparation:
The particle nominal diameter of sample used for screen analysis shall not be larger
than 10.0mm. Prior to test, sample shall be screened with square-hole screen of
10.0mm in nominal diameter; and, screen residual is calculated. Weigh two samples
of no less than 550g after reduction and put them into two shallow trays, respectively.
Dry them to constant weight at (105±5)°C and cool to room temperature for further
use.
Note: Constant weight means that when the interval between two adjacent weighings is not less
than 3h, the difference between the two weighings is less than the weighing accuracy
required by the test (the same below).
6.1.4 The following steps shall be followed for screen analysis test:
1 Exactly weigh 500g of dried sample (250g for super-fine sand) and put it into the
upper-most screen (5.00mm nominal diameter square-hole screen) of screen set,
which is overlapped in accordance with size of screen (larger hole screen is above
smaller hole screen). Put the screen set into wrinkle screening machine and screen
sample for 10min. Then take out the screen set; then, according to the order of screen
holes from large to small, manually screen one by one on a clean shallow tray, until
the screen output per minute does not exceed 0.1% of the total sample. The passing
Where
μf - Fineness modulus of sand;
β1, β2, β3, β4, β5, β6 - Accumulated residual respectively on square-hole screens with
nominal diameters of 5.00mm, 2.50mm, 1.25mm, 630μm, 315μm, 160μm;
5 Take the arithmetic mean of the two test results as the determination value, accurate
to 0.1. If the difference between fineness modulus of the two tests is larger than 0.20,
retest with new sample shall be required.
6.2 Apparent density test of sand (standard method)
6.2.1 This method is applicable to the determination of apparent density of sand.
6.2.2 The following apparatus shall be used for apparent density test with standard
method:
1 Balance - 1000g weighing range in precision of 1g;
2 Volumetric flask - 500mL volume;
3 Drying oven - Temperature controlled within (105±5)°C;
4 Dryer, shallow tray, aluminum scooper and thermometer etc.
6.2.3 The sample preparation shall meet the following requirements:
After division, at least 650g of sample shall be put into the shallow tray and dried to
constant weight in (105±5)°C drying oven; then cooled to ambient temperature in dryer.
6.2.4 The following steps shall be followed for apparent density test with standard
method:
1 Weigh 300g (m0) of dried sample and put into volumetric flask with half flask of cool
boiled water.
2 Shake the volumetric flask so that sample can be fully mixed in water to dispatch air
bubble. Tightly close flask stopper and stand for 24h. Add water with a dropper to reach
scale line on the flask neck; put on flask stopper. Wipe water on external wall of flask
and weigh its mass (m1).
3 Pour out water and sample contained in the volumetric flask and clean
internal/external wall of flask. Add cool boiled water whose temperature difference with
that in the 2nd sub-clause of this clause does not exceed 2°C into flask to reach scale
line on flask neck. Put on flask stopper; wipe water on external wall of volumetric flask
and weigh its mass (m2).
1 Drying oven - Temperature controlled within (105±5)°C;
2 Balance - 1000g weighing range in precision of 1g; 100g weighing range in
precision of 0.01g;
3 Test screen - Two square-hole screens with a screen hole nominal diameter of
80μm and 1.25mm respectively;
4 Vessel - It will be such that sample cannot escape during washing (deeper than
250mm);
5 Suction pipette - Each for 5mL and 2mL;
6 Three-blade or four-blade impeller mixer - Speed adjustable [up to (600±60)r/min],
(75±10)mm in diameter;
7 Timing device - In precision of 1s;
8 Glass volumetric flask - 1L volume;
9 Thermometer - In precision of 1°C;
10 Glass bar - 2 pieces, 8mm in diameter, 300mm long;
11 Filter paper - Rapid;
12 Enamel pan, hair brush, 1000mL beaker etc.
6.11.3 The following specification shall be followed for preparation of solution and
sample.
1 The following method shall be followed for preparation of methylene blue solution:
Methylene blue powder (C16H18C1N3S • 3H2O) shall be dried at (105±5)°C till constant
weight. Weigh 10g of dried methylene blue powder in precision of 0.01g into a beaker
with 600mL of distilled water (heated to 35~40°C) in it. Mix it with a glass bar
continuously for 40min until complete dissolution of methylene blue powder. Cool it to
20°C; pour the solution into a 1L volumetric flask; wash the beaker with distilled water,
so that all of methylene blue solution can be removed into the volumetric flask. The
temperature of volumetric flask and solution shall be maintained at (20±1)°C. Add
distilled water into volumetric flask until 1L scale line is reached; shake the flask so
that methylene blue powder can be completely dissolved. Take solution in volumetric
flask into a deep color bottle; mark the preparation date and expiration date (the shelf
life of the methylene blue solution shall not exceed 28d); and, store it in a dark place.
2 The sample shall be reduced to 400g and dried to constant weight in a (105±5)°C
drying oven. After cooling to ambient temperature, particle which is larger than 5.0mm
nominal diameter shall be removed away.
use;
2 Take 2g of tannic acid powder and solve it into 98mL of 10% alcohol solution for
preparing required tannic acid solution. Take 2.5mL of this solution and pour it into
97.5mL of 3% sodium hy...