HJ/T 298-2007 English PDF (HJT298-2007)

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HJ/T 298-2007: Technical specifications on identification for hazardous waste
HJ/T 298-2007
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Technical Specifications on Identification for
Hazardous Waste
ISSUED ON: MAY 21, 2007
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2007
Issued by: State Administration for Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
Announcement of State Administration for Environmental Protection ... 3 
Foreword ... 4 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative References ... 5 
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5 
4 Sample Collection ... 5 
5 Sample Preparation, Storage and Pre-treatment ... 9 
6 Sample Testing ... 10 
7 Judgment of Testing Result ... 11 
8 Implementation of Standard ... 12 
Technical Specifications on Identification for
Hazardous Waste
1 Scope
This Standard stipulates the technical requirements of processes like sample collection
and testing, and judgment of testing result in the identification of hazardous
characteristics of solid waste.
In this Standard, solid waste includes solid, semi-solid waste and liquid waste
(excluding waste water that is discharged into water body).
This Standard is applicable to the identification of hazardous characteristics of solid
waste. This Standard is not applicable to emergency identification of hazardous wastes
which are generated in sudden environmental pollution accident.
2 Normative References
Through the reference in this Standard, the clauses in the following documents
become clauses of this Standard and shall have equivalent effectiveness as this
Standard. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version is
applicable to this Standard.
HJ/T 20 Technical Specifications on Sampling and Sample Preparation from Industry
Solid Waste;
GB 5085 Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes
3 Terms and Definitions
In this Standard, the definition of sample, sample quantity and sampling size shall take
the stipulations in HJ/T 20 as a reference. The following definition is applicable to this
Standard.
Solid waste generation amount: solid waste generation amount refers to the amount
of solid waste generated by solid waste generation device, which is put into full-load
operation in accordance with the designed generation capacity.
4 Sample Collection
4.1 Determination of Sampling Object
(2) Storage tank (slot) with discharge port
If possible, sampling should be conducted during the process of discharging
waste. In accordance with the characters of solid waste, respectively use
long-shovel sampler, sleeve-type sampler or probe for sampling.
When sampling can only be conducted at the discharge port, clean the
discharge port in advance; properly discharge waste, then, take samples.
During the sampling, use a cloth bag (bucket) to hold the port, then, in
accordance with the needed sampling size, in equal time intervals, discharge
waste. Each holding of the waste shall be considered as a sample.
(3) Plate-and-frame filter press
Number the various plates and frames of filter press in accordance with a
sequence. Use the random number table method in HJ/T 20 to take N plates
and frames as the unit of sampling. During the sampling, after pressure
filtration dehydration, take down the plates and frames; scrape the waste.
Sample taken from each plate and frame shall be considered as a sample.
(4) Bulk accumulation
In terms of solid waste and semi-solid waste in bulk accumulation with the
accumulation height of less than, or equals to 0.5 m, horizontally tile the waste
heap into a rectangle with the thickness of 10 ~ 15 cm; divide it into 5 N (N
signifies sample quantity; the same below) grids with an equal area; number
them in accordance with a sequence. Use the random number table method
in HJ/T 20 to take N grids as the unit of sampling. In the central position of the
grids, use a sampling shovel or spade to vertically take samples of full-
thickness waste. The waste taken from each grid shall be considered as a
sample.
In terms of several solid wastes in bulk accumulation with the accumulation
height of less than, or equals to 0.5 m, select a waste heap with the most
recent accumulation; take samples in accordance with the sampling method
of solid waste in bulk accumulation.
In terms of solid waste and semi-solid waste in bulk accumulation with the
accumulation height of more than 0.5 m, take samples in layers. The number
of layering for sampling shall be not less than 2 layers. In accordance with the
accumulation height of the solid waste and semi-solid waste, place the layers
in equal intervals. The quantity of sample taken from each layer shall be equal.
Layered sampling may adopt sampling drill or the mode of mechanical drilling.
(5) Storage pool
Divide storage pool (including storage pool built above ground, underground
6 Sample Testing
6.1 Testing items of the identification of characteristics of solid waste shall be
determined in accordance with characteristics of the generating source of solid waste.
In accordance with the generation process of solid waste, characteristic items that do
not exist, or, toxic substances that do not exist and are not generated can be
determined. Thus, the testing of them can be avoided. The identification of
characteristics of solid waste adopts corresponding methods and indicator limits
stipulated in GB 5085.
6.2 When it cannot be determined whether hazardous characteristics or toxic
substances stipulated in GB 5085 exist in solid waste, conduct the testing in
accordance with the following sequence.
(1) Testing of reactivity, flammability and corrosivity;
(2) Testing of inorganic substance items in leaching toxicity;
(3) Testing of organic substance items in leaching toxicity;
(4) Testing of inorganic substance items in toxic substance content identification
item;
(5) Testing of organic substance items in toxic substance content identification
item;
(6) Testing of acute toxicity identification item.
During the above-mentioned testing, when it is determined that a certain characteristic
does not exist in accordance with the stipulation in 6.1, the testing of that item shall be
avoided, then, in accordance with the above-mentioned sequence, conduct the testing
of the subsequent characteristic.
6.3 During the testing process, if the result of a testing exceeds the corresponding
standard value in GB 5085, then, it can be determined that the solid waste is hazardous
waste that has the hazardous characteristic. Whether the testing of other
characteristics or other components shall be conducted shall be decided in accordance
with the actual demands.
6.4 During the testing of leaching toxicity and toxic substance content, in accordance
with the characteristics of the generating source of solid waste, firstly, conduct testing
of corresponding items on possible main toxic components.
6.5 During the testing of toxic substance content, when the same toxic component
exists in more than one toxic substances, calculate and judge the result in accordance
with the toxic substance with the highest molecular mass.