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HJ 91.1-2019: Technical specifications for wastewater monitoring
HJ 91.1-2019
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Partially replacing HJ/T 91-2002
Technical specifications for wastewater monitoring
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 24, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 24, 2020
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope of application ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 6 
4 Development of monitoring scheme ... 7 
5 Sampling points ... 7 
6 Monitoring sampling ... 9 
7 Sample preservation, transportation, and handover ... 15 
8 Monitoring items and analytical methods ... 16 
9 Monitoring data processing ... 17 
10 Quality assurance and quality control ... 20 
Appendix A (Informative) Sampling and water sample preservation
requirements for common wastewater monitoring items ... 25 
Technical specifications for wastewater monitoring
1 Scope of application
This Standard specifies the technical requirements for manual wastewater
monitoring such as the development of monitoring scheme, sampling points,
monitoring sampling, sample preservation, transportation and handover,
monitoring items and analytical methods, monitoring data processing, quality
assurance and quality control.
This Standard applies to activities where manual methods are used to monitor
wastewater from pollutant discharging organizations.
2 Normative references
This Standard refers to the following documents or provisions therein. For
undated references, the valid editions are applicable to this Standard.
GB 15562.1 Graphical signs for environmental protection - Discharge outlet
(source)
GB/T 4883 Statistical interpretation of data - Detection and treatment of
outliers in the normal sample
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression and
judgement of limiting values
HJ 168 Environmental monitoring - Technical guideline on drawing and
revising analytical method standards
HJ 630 Technical guideline on environmental monitoring quality
management
HJ/T 92 Technical requirements for monitoring of total amount of pollutants
in waste water
HJ/T 372 The technical requirement and test procedures for Water quality
automatic sampler
HJ/T 373 Technical specifications of quality assurance and quality control for
A composite water sample in which the amount of water sample taken at the
same sampling point within a certain period of time is proportional to time or
flow.
3.5 Automatic sampling
The process of automatic continuous or intermittent collection of water samples
according to a pre-programmed procedure by instruments and equipment.
3.6 Whole program blank sample
Replace the actual sample with experimental water and place it in the sample
container and determine according to the program consistent with the actual
sample. Consistent program includes transport to the sampling site, exposure
to the on-site environment, loading into sampling bottles, preservation,
transportation, and all analytical procedures, etc.
3.7 Laboratory blank sample
Replace the actual sample with experimental water and determine according to
the analytical procedures consistent with the actual sample.
4 Development of monitoring scheme
The main contents of monitoring scheme include, but are not limited to
monitoring purpose, monitoring points, monitoring items, monitoring methods,
sampling frequency, sampling equipment, on-site test instruments, sample
preservation, transportation and handover, sampling safety, and monitoring
quality assurance and quality control measures, etc.
5 Sampling points
5.1 Requirements for discharge outlet setting
5.1.1 The discharge outlet shall meet the requirements of on-site sampling and
flow measurement. In principle, it shall be located within the plant boundary, or
within a range of not more than 10 m outside the plant boundary.
5.1.2 The monitoring section of wastewater discharge pipeline or channel shall
be regular shapes such as rectangular, circular, trapezoidal. The flow in the
measurement section shall be straight and stable and have a certain water level.
In the case of pollution discharge by closed pipe or channel, an open channel
capable of satisfying the sampling conditions and flow measurement shall be
provided.
When monitoring the overall treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment
facilities, at the inlets of wastewater into the wastewater treatment facilities and
the outlets of the wastewater treatment facilities, set monitoring points. When
monitoring the treatment efficiency of each wastewater treatment unit, at the
inlets of wastewater entering the wastewater treatment unit and the outlets of
the wastewater treatment unit, set monitoring points.
5.2.3 Monitoring points for rainwater discharge
Pollutant discharging organizations shall divert rainwater and wastewater.
Rainwater, after collection, is discharged by rainwater pipelines. The monitoring
point shall be set at the rainwater discharge outlet. If environmental
management requires rainwater to be discharged after treatment, the
monitoring points shall be set in accordance with 5.2.1.
6 Monitoring sampling
6.1 Monitoring preparation
6.1.1 Preparation of sampling equipment and on-site test instruments
6.1.1.1 Sampling equipment are mainly sampling apparatus and sample
containers. In accordance with the requirements of the analytical methods used
in the monitoring items, it shall prepare appropriate sampling equipment. If the
requirements are not clear, it may be implemented in accordance with Appendix
A.
6.1.1.2 The material of the sampling equipment shall have good chemical
stability. During the sample collection and sample preservation period, no
physical and chemical reaction with the water sample will occur, which will
cause the concentration of water sample components to change. The sampling
apparatus may be made of polyethylene, stainless steel,
polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. The sample container may be made of hard glass
and polyethylene.
6.1.1.3 The surface of the inner wall of the sampling apparatus shall be smooth
and easy to clean and handle. The sampling apparatus shall have sufficient
strength, be flexible, convenient, and reliable in use, have no bends to interfere
with the flow velocity. It shall minimize the number of cocks and valves. The
sample container shall have appropriate mechanical strength and good
sealability. The sample container used for microbiological inspection shall be
able to withstand high temperature sterilization; at sterilization temperatures,
shall not release or produce any chemicals which can inhibit biological activity
or cause biological death or promote biological growth.
intermittent discharge;
c) It is necessary to investigate the possible pollutants or the pollutant
concentration at a specific time;
d) It is necessary to obtain data on the highest value, lowest value, or
changes in pollutants;
e) It is necessary to get short-term (generally no more than 15 min) data, to
determine change rule of water quality;
f) It is necessary to determine the change characteristics of the pollutants in
the water body space, such as the changes of the pollutants in different
sections and (or) depths of the water flow;
g) Situations for which pollutant discharge (control) standards and other
related environmental management wo...