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GB/Z 37150-2018: Guide of Risk Assessment of EMC Reliability
GBZ 37150-2018
GB /Z 37150-2018
Guide of risk assessment of EMC reliability
ICS 33.100
L06
National Standardization Technical Document of the People's Republic of China
Electromagnetic compatibility reliability risk assessment guidelines
Published on.2018-12-28
2019-07-01 implementation
State market supervision and administration
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 EMC risk assessment purpose and role 2
4.1 Overview 2
4.2 Purpose and role 2
5 EMC Risk Assessment Object 2
6 Risk criteria 2
7 EMC Risk Assessment Process 3
7.1 Overview 3
7.2 Clear environmental information 4
7.3 Risk Identification 4
7.4 Risk Analysis 4
7.5 Risk Assessment 5
8 Risk Assessment Tool 5
9 Risk Assessment Report Requirements 6
Appendix A (informative) EMC Risk Management 7
Appendix B (informative) Example of an assessment tool for EMC risk assessment 10
Reference 12
Foreword
This guidance technical document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This guidance document is proposed and managed by the National Radio Interference Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC79).
This guiding technical document was drafted by. Shanghai Electric Apparatus Research Institute, Schneider Electric (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai Branch, Shanghai
Electrical Apparatus Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Jiaotong University, Shanghai Automotive Group
Co., Ltd., the Fifth Institute of Electronics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute.
The main drafters of this guiding technical document. Zheng Junqi, Xing Lin, Zhang Fenglian, Chen Yu, Zhu Wenli, Lei Jianmei, Wang Hongwu, Wu Hao, Cui Qiang,
Li Meng.
Electromagnetic compatibility reliability risk assessment guidelines
1 Scope
This guidance document gives the purpose and role of electromagnetic compatibility (hereinafter referred to as "EMC") risk assessment, risk assessment object, wind
Guidelines for risk guidelines, risk assessment processes, risk assessment tools, and risk assessment reporting requirements.
This guidance document is intended to guide the selection of appropriate EMC risk assessment techniques for equipment, system and engineering sites.
EMC risk is assessed.
This guidance document does not cover all technologies for EMC and risk assessment. Technology not described does not imply invalidation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical terminology electromagnetic compatibility
GB/T 23694-2013 Risk Management Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 4365-2003 and GB/T 23694-2013 apply to this document.
3.1
Risk assessment riskassessment
Including the entire process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk assessment.
3.2
Risk level risklevel
The level of risk assessment elements that are included in the risk assessment.
3.3
Risk analysis riskanalysis
The process of understanding the nature of risk and determining the level of risk.
Note 1. Risk analysis is the basis for risk assessment and risk response decision making.
Note 2. Risk analysis includes risk estimates.
3.4
Risk element riskelement
Elements established in the EMC risk assessment model.
3.5
Risk criterion riskcriteria
A standard used to assess the importance of risk.
3.6
Ideal model idealmodel
A model that does not create any EMC risk.
4 EMC risk assessment purpose and role
4.1 Overview
EMC risk assessment is not an independent activity and is usually associated with other EMC activities in the risk management process (see Appendix A) (eg
Test, countermeasures, communication, etc.). In particular, the following should be clear when conducting an EMC risk assessment.
--- the environmental and functional objectives of the equipment, system or engineering site;
--- The scope and type of EMC risk that users can allow, and how to deal with unacceptable EMC risks;
--- Obligation, responsibility and rights to implement EMC risk assessment;
--- Resources available for EMC risk assessment;
--- How to conduct reports and inspections of EMC risk assessment;
--- How to conduct and implement EMC risk assessment activities.
4.2 Purpose and role
EMC risk assessment is designed to provide evidence-based information for effective EMC response to equipment, systems or engineering sites
analysis.
The main roles of EMC risk assessment include.
--- Identify EMC risks and potential impacts at specific targets of equipment, systems or engineering sites;
--- Improve understanding of EMC risks to facilitate the correct selection of risk response strategies;
--- Identify the main factors that contribute to EMC risk, and the thinness of EMC risk in equipment, system or engineering site design
Weak link
--- Analyze EMC risks and uncertainties;
--- Help to establish design principles;
--- Help determine if EMC risk is acceptable;
--- Helps to prevent EMC problems through additional measures;
--- Can be used as an input to risk management and can be effectively linked to other components of the risk management process.
5 EMC risk assessment object
EMC risk assessment can be divided into equipment level, system level and engineering field level according to different objects, as the specific technology to evaluate the target.
The indicator can be a single item, multiple items, or a full set of EMC indicators for equipment, systems, and sites.
Equipment-level EMC risk assessment for specific equipment (eg laptops, automotive parts, etc.), slave equipment structures and boards
Aspects of EMC risk are assessed.
System-level EMC risk assessment, applied to systems consisting of products (eg, complete vehicles, etc.), from the product itself in the system and between products
EMC risk is assessed.
Engineering site-level EMC risk assessment, applied to the engineering site, from the field-level complex application environment, installation conditions, between systems
EMC risk is assessed.
6 Risk criteria
The EMC Risk Guidelines are standards for assessing the importance of risk. Therefore, risk criteria need to reflect the risk of manufacturers/users.
The degree of acceptance should reflect the values, goals and resources of the manufacturer/user. It should be reasonably determined according to the environment in which the product or system is located and its own situation.
Risk criteria.
The risk criterion for EMC risk assessment is based on the ideal model of risk assessment. The ideal model is built on the principle of
Various interferences that may exist in the real environment are applied to the product, and the possible existence of the product may be analyzed according to the possible trend of the interference in the product.
Disturb the problem and draw the relevant risk factors; at the same time, analyze the possible external electromagnetic disturbance of the product when the product is in normal working condition.
Question, find out the relevant risk factors.
The EMC risk assessment ideal model can usually deal with various EMC risks.
The ideal model of the device can be considered from the corresponding structure and board aspects.
The ideal model of the system should be considered from the degree of mutual electromagnetic influence between the devices and the risk assessment results of the devices themselves in the system.
An ideal model for the engineering site is under consideration.
7 EMC Risk Assessment Process
7.1 Overview
EMC risk assessment includes four steps. environmental information, risk identification, risk analysis and risk assessment.
EMC risk assessment activities are applied at all levels of the product, and the scope of assessment can cover equipment, systems or engineering sites. But not
In the same scenario, the evaluation tools or techniques used may differ.
EMC risk assessment helps decision makers have a better understanding of the risks and their causes, consequences, and likelihood of occurrence. This can be the following
Decision making information.
---Whether certain activities should be carried out;
--- Whether it is necessary to deal with risks;
---The choice of risk response strategy;
--- Prioritize risk response strategies;
--- Select the most appropriate risk response strategy to control the adverse effects of the risk to an acceptable level.
Through EMC risk assessment, manufacturers/users can gain a deeper understanding of which EMCs may exist in a plant, system or engineering site
Risk, and the adequacy and effectiveness of the EMC risk factor measures imposed on existing equipment, systems or engineering sites, to determine the best
Lay the foundation for appropriate risk response methods. The results of the risk assessment can be used as EMC reliability throughout the life cycle of the equipment, system or engineering site.
Input for sexual control.
The process and results of the risk assessment should be documented. The content of the risk assessment record will depend on the objectives and scope of the assessment.
Risk assessment is a complete process consisting of clear environmental information, risk identification, risk analysis and risk assessment (see Figure 1). risk
All activities in the assessment can be linked to other activities and embedded in the risk management process.
Figure 1 Risk assessment process diagram
7.2 Clear environmental information
Manufacturers/users can clarify their winds by identifying environmental information or EMC test requirements that are expected to be used at the equipment, system or engineering site.
The goal of risk management, identifying internal and external parameters related to the manufacturer/user, and setting the scope of EMC risk management and related EMC
Risk criteria.
When conducting specific EMC risk assessment activities, the environmental information of the equipment, system or engineering site should be identified (including within the definition).
External environment, EMC risk management environment) and determine EMC risk guidelines.
7.3 Risk identification
Risk identification is the process of discovering, enumerating, and describing risk elements.
The purpose of EMC risk identification is to identify the various elements that may affect the EMC performance of equipment, systems, and engineering sites.
The risk identification process includes the identification of sources of risk, risk events, and their causes and potential consequences.
EMC risk identification is an evidence-based approach. First build EMC risk guidelines, for example, device-level risk assessment, from device junctions
Constructing the corresponding ideal model in two aspects. constructing the corresponding ideal model; secondly obtaining the risk assessment information from the specific evaluation object; then
The guidelines are compared to identify the risk factors present on the assessment object and to record the risk factors. The flow chart of risk identification is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 EMC risk identification flow chart
7.4 Risk Analysis
7.4.1 Overview
EMC risk analysis needs to consider the causes and risks of EMC risks at the equipment, system or engineering site, and risk events.
Positive and negative impacts and the likelihood of their occurrence, the factors that influence the consequences and likelihoods, the interrelationships between different risks and their sources of risk, and
Other characteristics of risk, but also consider the existence and effectiveness of control measures.
EMC risk analysis provides information for risk assessment, determining whether risks need to be addressed, and finding the most appropriate response strategies and methods.
Hold to promote manufacturers/users' understanding of EMC risks.
In some cases, EMC risk may be the result of a series of events. In this case, the focus of the risk assessment is
Analyze the importance and weaknesses of the components of the equipment, systems, and engineering sites, and examine and determine appropriate protective and remedial actions.
The method for EMC risk analysis can be qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative, or a combination of the above. EMC risk analysis
The level of detail required depends on the specific application, the reliable data available, and the needs of the manufacturer/user.
Qualitative risk analysis can determine the risk consequences, likelihood and risk level by importance, such as “high”, “medium”, “low” or “I”
"Level II" and "Level III" are three levels of importance.
Semi-quantitative method can use digital quantity to measure the consequences of electromagnetic risk and the possibility of occurrence, and use the formula to combine the two to determine
Risk level.
Quantitative analysis can estimate the specific values of the electromagnetic risk consequences and their likelihood of occurrence, and convert them to the corresponding risk level values.
7.4.2 Risk rating and risk classification of EMC evaluation elements
The EMC risk level is the result of risk analysis and can be divided according to the degree of influence of individual risk factors, which can be based on qualitative and semi-determined
The quantitative and quantitative analysis methods are classified. For example, qualitative analysis methods can be classified into “I grade”, “II grade” and “III grade”. The grades should be
Typical, there is no overlap between the levels. The classification is as follows.
a) Level I. When the requirements of the risk assessment component are not met under certain conditions, it will definitely lead to failure (if the test fails);
b) Level II. When the requirements of the risk assessment elements are not met, there should be other clear remedies to avoid failure;
c) Level III. When it is not met, it does not necessarily lead to a test failure.
...