GB/T 9439-2023 English PDF (GBT9439-2023)

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GB/T 9439-2023: Grey iron castings
GB/T 9439-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.080.10
CCS J 31
Replacing GB/T 9439-2010
Grey iron castings
(ISO 185:2020, Gray iron castings - Classification, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 07, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: SEPTEMBER 07, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation.
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Designations of gray iron castings ... 7
5 Production methods and chemical composition ... 9
6 Technical requirements ... 10
7 Specimen preparation ... 12
8 Test methods ... 17
9 Inspection rules ... 21
10 Marking, quality certificate, surface protection, packaging, storage and
transportation ... 23
Appendix A (Informative) Mechanical and physical properties of gray iron casting . 24
Appendix B (Informative) Relationship between hardness and tensile strength of gray
iron casting ... 26
Appendix C (Informative) Relationship between the body tensile strength, hardness and
section thickness of gray iron castings ... 29
Appendix D (Informative) Comparison of designations of gray iron castings between
GB/T 9439 and other standards ... 33
References ... 34
Grey iron castings
1 Scope
This document stipulates the designations, production methods and chemical
composition, technical requirements, specimen preparation, test methods, inspection
rules and markings, quality certificates, protection, packaging, storage and
transportation of gray iron casting.
This document is applicable to ordinary gray iron castings, which are cast in sand molds
or molds with thermal conductivity equivalent to that of sand molds. Gray iron castings
which are cast in other molds can be used with reference to it.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference
documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document.
GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The diantipyryl
methane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of
phosphorus content
GB/T 223.4 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The volumetric
method for determination of manganese content by ammonium nitrate oxidation
GB/T 223.60 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The perchloric
acid dehydration gravimetric method for the determination of silicon content
GB/T 223.72 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The alumina
chromatographic separation-barium sulfate gravimetric method for the
determination of sulphur content
GB/T 223.86 Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon content - Infrared
absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room
temperature
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 5611 Foundry terminology
GB/T 5612 Code for representing cast iron
GB/T 5677 Castings - Radiographic testing
GB/T 6060.1 Surface roughness comparison specimen - Part 1: Casting surface
GB/T 6414 Castings - Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances and
machining allowances
GB/T 7216 Metallographic test for grey cast iron
GB/T 9443 Steel and iron castings - Liquid penetrant inspection
GB/T 9444 Steel and iron castings - Magnetic particle inspection
GB/T 11351 Mass tolerances of casting
GB/T 20123 Steel and iron - Determination of total carbon and sulfur content
Infrared absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace (routine
method)
GB/T 24234 Cast iron - Determination of multi-element contents - Spark discharge
atomic emission spectrometric method (Routine method)
GB/T 38441 Pig iron and cast - Determination of chromium, copper, magnesium,
manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, tin, titanium, vanadium and silicon
content - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 5611, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Relevant wall thickness
The thickness of the casting section, which represents the mechanical properties of
the casting material.
3.2
Side-by-side cast sample
The test samples which are placed side by side with the castings, in the same mold
using the same pouring system.
of the buyer. The chemical components shall be tested at the frequency and quantity
agreed upon by both the supplier and the buyer.
5.3 Unless otherwise specified, castings are delivered as cast.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Mechanical properties
6.1.1 Tensile strength
6.1.1.1 The tensile strength value of the tensile specimen shall comply with the
requirements in Table 1. The mechanical properties and physical properties of single-
cast samples are as shown in Appendix A.
6.1.1.2 The tensile strength in Table 1 is related to the relevant wall thickness. Usually
ϕ30 mm single-cast sample is used to test the tensile strength.
6.1.1.3 The relationship between the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of gray iron
casting is as shown in Appendix B.
6.1.1.4 If the acceptance items are not clearly specified in the order agreement, the
supplier shall use tensile strength as the main basis for acceptance.
6.1.2 Tensile strength of casting body
6.1.2.1 If tensile specimens are cut out and processed from the casting body, the supplier
and the buyer shall agree on:
- Sampling location;
- The minimum tensile strength value or allowable range value of the bulk specimen.
Note 1: The physical performance values of castings cannot be unified, because they are closely
related to factors such as the complexity of the casting, the wall thickness of the casting, the
cooling rate.
Note 2: The tensile properties of casting body specimens are not only affected by material
properties, but also by defects in the sampling location.
6.1.2.2 The relationship between the tensile strength, Brinell hardness and wall
thickness of the casting body is shown in Appendix C. The expected value of the tensile
strength of the casting body is shown in Table C.1.
6.1.3 Hardness
6.1.3.1 Gray iron casting, which is classified according to hardness, is mainly applicable
to gray iron casting parts, which have cutting performance or wear resistance as the
main evaluation index. The hardness value of gray iron castings shall comply with the
requirements in Table 2.
6.1.3.2 Castings with main wall thickness t > 80 mm are not classified according to
hardness.
6.1.3.3 Unless otherwise specified, HBW represents the Brinell hardness, which is
measured under the test condition of 10/3000.
6.1.3.4 If hardness is used as an acceptance item, the supplier and the buyer shall agree
on the location of the relevant wall thickness and hardness testing; clearly specify it in
the order agreement. Hardness can also be tested on the specimen. Figure C.2 gives the
relationship between the average hardness and the relevant wall thickness in simple
shapes.
6.2 Metallographic structure
6.2.1 The graphite form of gray iron castings is mainly A-type graphite, wherein the A- ...