GB/T 8948-2008 English PDF (GB/T8948-2008)

GB/T 8948-2008: Polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
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GB/T 8948-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.40
Y 47
Replacing GB/T 8948-1994
Polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
聚氯乙烯人造革
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 19, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Classification ... 5 
4 Requirements ... 5 
5 Test method ... 8 
6 Inspection rules ... 13 
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage ... 15 
Polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
1 Scope
This standard specifies the product classification, requirements, test methods,
inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation, storage of polyvinyl chloride
artificial leather.
This standard applies to the polyvinyl chloride artificial leather, which is made of plain
weave or twill fabric as the base, by adding plasticizers and other additives to the
polyvinyl chloride resin, through calendering or coating.
This standard does not apply to knitted cloth-based polyvinyl chloride artificial leather.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard; however, parties who
reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions
of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document applies.
GB/T 250-2008 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Grey scale for assessing change
in colour
GB/T 1040.3-2006 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test
conditions for films and sheets
GB/T 1539-2007 Paperboard - Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 2828.1-2003 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1:
Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection
GB/T 2918-1998 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 3920-2008 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to rubbing
GB 7565-1987 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Specification for standard
adjacent fabric - Cotton and viscose
GB/T 8808-1988 Test method for peel force of flexible laminated plastics
a) Measuring force: 0.8 N ~ 1.5 N;
b) Probe diameter: 7 mm ~ 10 mm;
c) Division value: 0.01 mm.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Along the width direction of the product, use a dial gauge thickness gauge to measure
3 points of left, middle, right. The measurement result is expressed as an arithmetic
mean, accurate to 0.01 mm.
5.5 Length
Use a suitable measuring tool or instrument, to make measurement; the result is accurate
to 1 cm.
5.6 Appearance
Carry out visual inspection under natural light; make measurement with a
corresponding gauge.
5.7 Tensile load and elongation at break
Carry out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1040.3-2006. Use the type 2
specimens; the distance between the marking lines of the specimens is 100 mm; the
tensile speed is 200 mm/min.
5.8 Tear load
Cut 75 mm, parallel to the length direction, at the centerline of the width of the specimen.
Clamp the two cut ends, in opposite directions, on the grips of the tensile testing
machine, which is specified in 5.7. Carry out the test, at a speed of 200 mm/min. Record
the maximum tear load of the specimen. The test result is expressed as the arithmetic
mean of 3 specimens, in the warp and weft directions, accurate to 0.1 N.
5.9 Peeling off load
It is carried out, according to the provisions of GB/T 8088-1988.
5.10 Surface color fastness
It is carried out, according to the provisions of GB/T 3920-2008, wherein the standard
lining fabric for friction shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 7565-1987; the test
results shall be evaluated, according to the provisions of GB/T 250-2008.
5.11 Cold resistance
that the top end is in contact with the screw, AND the fold line is flush with the bottom
edge of the clamp. Then fold the other end of the specimen inward; insert it into the
lower clamp. Then adjust the temperature in the chamber to (-10 ± 2) °C. When the
counter reaches 30000, stop the test. Observe the change of the folded part. Take the
worst test data as the test result.
5.16 Rub resistance
5.16.1 Test instruments
Scott-type rubbing tester.
5.16.2 Test procedure
Overlap the 2 specimen cloth surfaces with each other, in the same direction. Then load
it into the rubbing tester's clamp, which has a clamp spacing of 30 mm. Gradually
reduce the distance between the clamps, so that the cloth surfaces of the 2 specimens
are in light contact. Then apply a load. Reduce the distance, until the load is 9.8 N.
Under the conditions of a frequency of 120 times/min and a stroke of 50 mm, make
1000 reciprocations, to observe whether there are cracks, damage or separation of the
cloth base and the coating, on the surface of the artificial leather. If there is one
specimen with the above phenomenon, the rub resistance of the specimen is judged to
be unqualified.
5.17 Light fastness
It is carried out, in accordance with the provisions of QB/T 2727-2005. The exposure
method adopts method 3; the most serious discoloration degree, among the 3 specimens,
is recorded as the final discoloration and fading grade.
5.18 Vulcanization
Immerse the specimen in a saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide, that has been
flowing with hydrogen sulfide gas for 5 minutes. Then take out the specimen.
Immediately use water to rinse it clean. Judge the discoloration grade of the specimen,
according to the provisions of GB/T 250-2008.
5.19 Adhesion
5.19.1 Instruments
Constant temperature oven, which is equipped with blower.
5.19.2 Test procedure
Attach the polyvinyl chloride coating surfaces of the 2 specimens, to each other. Use 2
pieces of smooth glass, which has a length and width of about 60 mm, to align them
with the width of the specimen. Then sandwich the specimen, in between the 2 pieces
of glass. Then use a weight, which has a bottom length and width of 60 mm and a load
of 30 N, to press on the glass plate. Place them together, in a constant temperature oven,
at (70 ± 2) °C. Take them out after 24 h. Remove the weight. Cool it at room temperature
for 1 h. Then slowly peel off the 2 specimens. Observe whether there is any abnormality,
such as damage on the film surface.
6 Inspection rules
6.1 Inspection classification and items
6.1.1 Exit-factory inspection
The exit-factory inspection items are the items in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.1 in the requirements.
6.1.2 Type inspection
Type inspection shall be carried out, in one of the following situations:
a) When the type-finalization of new products or old products after transplant
production;
b) After formal production, if there are major changes in structure, material, process,
which may affect the performance of the product;
c) When the normal production lasts more than three months;
d) When the production is resumed, after suspension for more than three months, for
some reason;
e) When there is a big difference, between the exit-factory inspection results and the
last type inspection;
f) When the national quality supervision and inspection agency puts forward the
requirements for type inspection.
The items of type inspection are all the items, as specified in this standard.
6.2 Exit-factory inspection
6.2.1 Group-batching and sampling
6.2.1.1 Group-batching
Artificial leather shall be checked and accepted in batches. Products of the same cloth
base, same color, same pattern, same specification are one batch. The quantity of each
batch shall not exceed 15000 m.
qualified. If there are unqualified items, the batch of products will be judged as
unqualified.
6.3 Type inspection
6.3.1 Sampling
A roll is randomly selected from the products, that have passed the exit-factory
inspection, for the inspection of appearance and specifications. The 1 m is taken, for
the inspection of physical-mechanical properties.
6.3.2 Judgment rules
Specifications and appearance shall be carried out, in accordance with the provisions of
4.1 and 4.2. If it is not qualified, 3 rolls shall be re-selected randomly from the original
product, for re-inspection. If the re-inspection results are all qualified, the specification
and appearance are judged to be qualified.
If any of the physical-mechanical properties test results are unqualified, it shall re-take
double quantity of samples from the original product, for re-inspection of the
unqualified items. If the reinspection results are all qualified, the physical-mechanical
properties are unqualified.
If the inspection results of all items are qualified, the type inspection is judged to be
qualified.
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
7.1 Marking
Each roll of product shall be accompanied by a certificate of conformity AND have the
following marks:
a) The name and address of manufacturer;
b) The product name;
c) The product category;
d) The product specifications (thickness, width, length, color, pattern, etc.);
e) The production date and production batch number;
f) The trademarks;
g) The product standard number implemented;
GB/T 8948-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.40
Y 47
Replacing GB/T 8948-1994
Polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
聚氯乙烯人造革
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 19, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Classification ... 5 
4 Requirements ... 5 
5 Test method ... 8 
6 Inspection rules ... 13 
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage ... 15 
Polyvinyl chloride artificial leather
1 Scope
This standard specifies the product classification, requirements, test methods,
inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation, storage of polyvinyl chloride
artificial leather.
This standard applies to the polyvinyl chloride artificial leather, which is made of plain
weave or twill fabric as the base, by adding plasticizers and other additives to the
polyvinyl chloride resin, through calendering or coating.
This standard does not apply to knitted cloth-based polyvinyl chloride artificial leather.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard; however, parties who
reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions
of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document applies.
GB/T 250-2008 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Grey scale for assessing change
in colour
GB/T 1040.3-2006 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 3: Test
conditions for films and sheets
GB/T 1539-2007 Paperboard - Determination of bursting strength
GB/T 2828.1-2003 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1:
Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection
GB/T 2918-1998 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 3920-2008 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to rubbing
GB 7565-1987 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Specification for standard
adjacent fabric - Cotton and viscose
GB/T 8808-1988 Test method for peel force of flexible laminated plastics
a) Measuring force: 0.8 N ~ 1.5 N;
b) Probe diameter: 7 mm ~ 10 mm;
c) Division value: 0.01 mm.
5.4.2 Test procedure
Along the width direction of the product, use a dial gauge thickness gauge to measure
3 points of left, middle, right. The measurement result is expressed as an arithmetic
mean, accurate to 0.01 mm.
5.5 Length
Use a suitable measuring tool or instrument, to make measurement; the result is accurate
to 1 cm.
5.6 Appearance
Carry out visual inspection under natural light; make measurement with a
corresponding gauge.
5.7 Tensile load and elongation at break
Carry out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1040.3-2006. Use the type 2
specimens; the distance between the marking lines of the specimens is 100 mm; the
tensile speed is 200 mm/min.
5.8 Tear load
Cut 75 mm, parallel to the length direction, at the centerline of the width of the specimen.
Clamp the two cut ends, in opposite directions, on the grips of the tensile testing
machine, which is specified in 5.7. Carry out the test, at a speed of 200 mm/min. Record
the maximum tear load of the specimen. The test result is expressed as the arithmetic
mean of 3 specimens, in the warp and weft directions, accurate to 0.1 N.
5.9 Peeling off load
It is carried out, according to the provisions of GB/T 8088-1988.
5.10 Surface color fastness
It is carried out, according to the provisions of GB/T 3920-2008, wherein the standard
lining fabric for friction shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 7565-1987; the test
results shall be evaluated, according to the provisions of GB/T 250-2008.
5.11 Cold resistance
that the top end is in contact with the screw, AND the fold line is flush with the bottom
edge of the clamp. Then fold the other end of the specimen inward; insert it into the
lower clamp. Then adjust the temperature in the chamber to (-10 ± 2) °C. When the
counter reaches 30000, stop the test. Observe the change of the folded part. Take the
worst test data as the test result.
5.16 Rub resistance
5.16.1 Test instruments
Scott-type rubbing tester.
5.16.2 Test procedure ...