GB/T 5490-2010 English PDF (GB/T5490-2010)

GB/T 5490-2010: Inspection of grain and oils - General rules
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GB/T 5490-2010
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 67.040
X 04
Replacing GB/T 5490-1985
Inspection of Grain and Oils - General Rules
ISSUED ON: JUNE 30, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2011
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Sample Registration ... 6
5 Sample Requirements ... 6
6 Selection of Inspection Methods ... 6
7 Reagent Requirements ... 7
8 Requirements for Instruments and Equipment ... 7
9 Inspection Requirements ... 7
10 Original Records and Inspection Sheet ... 8
11 Result Calculation and Processing ... 8
Appendix A (informative) Quality Inspection Procedures of Grain and Oils ... 10
Appendix B (normative) Calculation of Repeatability Critical Range ... 16
Inspection of Grain and Oils - General Rules
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the relevant terms and definitions, sample registration, sample
requirements, selection of inspection methods, reagent requirements, requirements for
instruments and equipment, inspection requirements, original records and inspection sheets, as
well as result calculation and processing of the quality inspection of grain, oilseeds and products.
This Standard is applicable to the quality inspection of commodity grain, oilseeds and products.
2 Normative References
The clauses of the following documents become clauses of this Standard through the normative
references in this Standard. In terms of references with a specified date, all subsequent
amendments (excluding errata content) or revisions do not apply to this Standard. However, the
various parties that reach an agreement in accordance with this Standard are encouraged to
explore whether the latest versions of these documents are applicable. In terms of references
without a date, the latest versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric Solutions
GB/T 602 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Solutions for Impurity
GB/T 603 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Reagent Solutions for Use in Test Methods
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values and Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this Standard.
3.1 sample
Sample refers to a small amount of real object that can represent the quality of the inspected
grain and oils. It can be divided into increment, aggregate sample, submitted sample (laboratory
sample) and experiment sample.
3.2 increment
Increment refers to a small amount of sample taken in accordance with the prescribed method,
using the prescribed sampling tools and from a sampling point of the inspected grain and oils.
3.3 aggregate sample
Aggregate sample refers to the sample obtained by gathering and mixing all the taken
increments in accordance with the prescribed quantity of representatives.
3.4 submitted sample
laboratory sample
Submitted sample / laboratory sample refers to the sample sent to the laboratory and obtained
by using the sample dividing tools and fully mixing the aggregate sample and reducing it to a
certain quantity in accordance with the prescribed method.
3.5 retention sample
Retention sample is the same sample as the submitted sample or experiment sample and
obtained at the same time as sample division, which is used as a backup for verification, re-
inspection and emergency response.
3.6 experiment sample
Experiment sample refers to the sample prepared in accordance with the prescribed method for
laboratory inspection.
3.7 parallel test
Parallel test refers to the operation with identical analytical procedures, instruments and
reagents, starting from the division of laboratory sample or weighing after the preparation of
experiment sample, so as to obtain mutually independent test results.
3.8 blank test
Blank test refers to the operation with identical analytical procedures, instruments and reagents,
except that no experiment sample is added. The obtained results are used to subtract the
background in the test of experiment sample and calculate the detection limit of the inspection
method.
3.9 recovery test
Add a known amount of components to be tested to the experiment sample, use identical
analytical procedures, instruments and reagents as the test of the experiment sample, compare
with the test results of the experiment sample, and check whether the added components are
quantitatively recovered; the obtained results are expressed as a percentage, which is called
recovery rate. It is used to judge whether there is a systematic error in the test process, and to
verify the reliability and accuracy of the test method.
4 Sample Registration
The samples must be registered. The registration items include (but not limited to): sample No.,
sample name (type and variety), place of origin, quantity of representatives, production year,
storage time, sampling location (vehicle, ship, warehouse and stacking), packaging or in bulk,
sampling unit, personnel name and sampling date, etc.
5 Sample Requirements
5.1 The sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant stipulations.
5.2 The quantity of the submitted samples shall be able to satisfy the requirements of the
inspection items, and in principle, not less than 2 kg.
5.3 In accordance with the requirements of the inspection items, select appropriate containers
and packages to transport and store the samples.
5.4 Appropriate measures (such as: sealing and low temperature, etc.) must be adopted during
transportation and storage to prevent damage and loss of samples, and avoid possible mildew,
insects, oxidation, escape of volatile components and contamination, etc.
5.5 The samples after being subject to inspection shall be properly preserved for at least one
month after the end of the inspection, in case of re-inspection. Inspection items that are prone
to changes will not be re-inspected. Samples that are prone to change in inspection items and
samples that are prone to deterioration will not be preserved, but a statement to the party
submitting the samples shall be sent in advance.
6 Selection of Inspection Methods
6.1 When there are multiple standard inspection methods for one inspection item, they can be
selected in accordance with the scope of application of the inspection methods and the
conditions of the laboratory.
6.2 The entrusted inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the inspection method
specified by the entrusting party or the inspection method determined by both parties through
negotiation.
6.3 During arbitration inspection, the arbitration method specified in the standard shall be used
for inspection; when there is no arbitration method specified, and there is only one method
standard for one inspection item, then, the first method indicated in the method standard shall
be used as the arbitration method; when the first method is not indicated or there are multiple
method standards for an inspection item, then, the arbitration method shall be determined by
the relevant parties through negotiation.
9.1.3 Constant mass: under specified conditions, the mass difference after two consecutive
dryings or burnings does not exceed the specified range.
9.1.4 Measure-take: the operation of taking liquid substances with a measuring cylinder or
measuring cup.
9.1.5 Suck-take: the operation of taking liquid substances with a pipette or graduated pipette.
9.2 In order to reduce the impact of random errors, the parallel test shall be conducted to obtain
mutually independent determination values. Reliable final test results can be obtained from
mutually independent determination values.
9.3 When there is a background in the test and the detection limit of the inspection method
needs to be calculated, a blank test shall be carried out.
9.4 When judging whether there is a systematic error in the analysis process and verifying the
reliability and accuracy of the test method, the recovery test shall be carried out.
9.5 For the possible unsafe factors (such as: poisoning, explosion, corrosion and burning, etc.)
in the inspection, there shall be protective measures.
9.6 Refer to Appendix A for the quality inspection procedures of main grains and oilseeds.
10 Original Records and Inspection Sheet
10.1 Sample inspection must have complete original records. The original records shall have
originality, authenticity and traceability.
10.2 The contents of the original records include (but not limited to): sample No., sample name
(type and variety), inspection basis, inspection items, inspection methods, ambient temperature,
humidity, main instruments and equipment (name, model and No.), test data, calculation
formula and calculation results, inspection and verification personnel, and inspection date.
10.3 The inspection personnel shall correctly fill the quality inspection sheet in accordance with
the original records.
11 Result Calculation and Processing
11.1 The calculation of the determination value and the rounding-off of significant figures shall
comply with the stipulations of GB/T 8170.
11.2 Final test results
11.2.1 Under repeatability conditions, compare the absolute difference of two independent test
results and the allowable difference (repeatability limit r = 2.8  sr) specified in the Standard,
if the absolute difference of the two test results is not greater than the allowable difference, take
GB/T 5490-2010
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 67.040
X 04
Replacing GB/T 5490-1985
Inspection of Grain and Oils - General Rules
ISSUED ON: JUNE 30, 2010
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2011
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Sample Registration ... 6
5 Sample Requirements ... 6
6 Selection of Inspection Methods ... 6
7 Reagent Requirements ... 7
8 Requirements for Instruments and Equipment ... 7
9 Inspection Requirements ... 7
10 Original Records and Inspection Sheet ... 8
11 Result Calculation and Processing ... 8
Appendix A (informative) Quality Inspection Procedures of Grain and Oils ... 10
Appendix B (normative) Calculation of Repeatability Critical Range ... 16
Inspection of Grain and Oils - General Rules
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the relevant terms and definitions, sample registration, sample
requirements, selection of inspection methods, reagent requirements, requirements for
instruments and equipment, inspection requirements, original records and inspection sheets, as
well as result calculation and processing of the quality inspection of grain, oilseeds and products.
This Standard is applicable to the quality inspection of commodity grain, oilseeds and products.
2 Normative References
The clauses of the following documents become clauses of this Standard through the normative
references in this Standard. In terms of references with a specified date, all subsequent
amendments (excluding errata content) or revisions do not apply to this Standard. However, the
various parties that reach an agreement in accordance with this Standard are encouraged to
explore whether the latest versions of these documents are applicable. In terms of references
without a date, the latest versions apply to this Standard.
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric Solutions
GB/T 602 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Solutions for Impurity
GB/T 603 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Reagent Solutions for Use in Test Methods
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values and Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this Standard.
3.1 sample
Sample refers to a small amount of real object that can represent the quality of the inspected
grain and oils. It can be divided into increment, aggregate sample, submitted sample (laboratory
sample) and experiment sample.
3.2 increment
Increment refers to a small amount of sample taken in accordance with the prescribed method,
using the prescribed sampling tools and from a sampling point of the inspected grain and oils.
3.3 aggregate sample
Aggregate sample refers to the sample obtained by gathering and mixing all the taken
increments in accordance with the prescribed quantity of representatives.
3.4 submitted sample
laboratory sample
Submitted sample / laboratory sample refers to the sample sent to the laboratory and obtained
by using the sample dividing tools and fully mixing the aggregate sample and reducing it to a
certain quantity in accordance with the prescribed method.
3.5 retention sample
Retention sample is the same sample as the submitted sample or experiment sample and
obtained at the same time as sample division, which is used as a backup for verification, re-
inspection and emergency response.
3.6 experiment sample
Experiment sample refers to the sample prepared in accordance with the prescribed method for
laboratory inspection.
3.7 parallel test
Parallel test refers to the operation with identical analytical procedures, instruments and
reagents, starting from the division of laboratory sample or weighing after the preparation of
experiment sample, so as to obtain mutually independent test results.
3.8 blank test
Blank test refers to the operation with identical analytical procedures, instruments and reagents,
except that no experiment sample is added. The obtained results are used to subtract the
background in the test of experiment sample and calculate the detection limit o...