GB/T 45098-2024 English PDF (GB/T45098-2024)

GB/T 45098-2024: Technology requirements for battery swap service of commercial pure electric vehicles
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GB/T 45098-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.220.20
CCS R 10
Technology Requirements for Battery Swap Service of
Commercial Pure Electric Vehicles
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 28, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 General Requirements ... 5
5 Functional and Configuration Requirements ... 6
6 Service Process and Service Requirements ... 8
7 Service Guarantees ... 10
Bibliography ... 12
Technology Requirements for Battery Swap Service of
Commercial Pure Electric Vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements, functional and configuration requirements,
service process and requirements, and service guarantees for battery swap service of
commercial pure electric vehicles.
This document applies to the battery swap service of pure electric vehicles that are carry out
commercial road passenger and freight transport activities and have the function of battery swap.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB 1589 Limits of Dimensions, Axle Load and Masses for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and
Combination Vehicles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 29317 Terminology of Electric Vehicle Charging / battery Swap Infrastructure
GB/T 29772 General Requirements of Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Station
QC/T 1201 (all parts) Compatibility of On-board Battery Swap System for Battery Electric
Commercial Vehicles
QC/T 1204 (all parts) Compatibility of On-board Battery Swap System for Battery Electric
Passenger Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596, GB/T 29317, QC/T 1201 (all parts) and QC/T
1204 (all parts), and the following are applicable to this document.
3.1 battery swap station
A place that provides battery swap service for electric vehicles.
[source: GB/T 29317-2021, 3.1.2.1]
3.2 organization of battery swap service
An organization that is equipped with the facilities and equipment required for battery swap of
pure electric vehicles and provides battery swap service.
NOTE: it includes road transport enterprises or third-party battery swap service enterprises with
the capability of battery swap service.
4 General Requirements
4.1 Planning and Site Selection of Battery Swap Stations
The planning and site selection of battery swap stations follow the following principles:
a) The planning and site selection of battery swap stations of commercial pure electric
vehicles should comprehensively consider factors, such as: operation scenarios,
transportation demands, urban construction planning, road traffic planning, power
grid planning, land planning and environmental protection, etc.;
b) The site selection, construction, power supply system, charging and battery swap
system of battery swap stations of commercial pure electric vehicles shall comply
with the relevant requirements of GB/T 29772;
c) The site selection of battery swap stations along highways, at ports and transport
operation sites shall be combined with the routes of cargo loading and unloading
operations and transshipment to reduce the redundant driving distance caused by
battery swapping;
d) The operation shall not have any impact on the surrounding environment. The
environmental noise of the battery swap stations should comply with 4.2 of GB
12348-2008;
e) Under the premise of ensuring safety, battery swap stations should utilize surrounding
areas like public parking lots;
f) The battery swap stations shall not affect the road traffic safety and efficiency in the
area or section;
g) The battery swap stations should not be located in low-lying areas or places prone to
water accumulation. When it is impossible to avoid it, water supply and drainage
facilities and flood prevention and drainage facilities shall be installed in accordance
with the requirements of 5.2.4f).
4.2 Battery Swap Compatibility
4.2.1 For commercial pure electric vehicles with compatibility and interchangeability, the same
or compatible matching solutions should be adopted in the software and hardware interaction
interface between the battery swap system and the vehicle. The interchangeability of the on-
board battery swap system of rear-mounted commercial pure electric trucks should comply with
the relevant requirements of QC/T 1201 (all parts), and the interchangeability of the on-board
battery swap system of pure electric passenger vehicles should comply with the relevant
requirements of QC/T 1204 (all parts).
4.2.2 The interchangeability of battery swap stations should comply with GB/T 32879 and
GB/T 33341 and be compatible with two or more brands and two or more vehicle models for
battery swapping.
4.2.3 After battery swapping, the vehicle’s overall dimensions and mass shall comply with the
requirements of GB 1589.
4.3 Ground Bearing Capacity
The ground of the battery swap stations shall have a bearing capacity that can support the static
and dynamic loads generated by the commercial pure electric vehicles and battery swap
equipment during operation.
5 Functional and Configuration Requirements
5.1 Functional Requirements
5.1.1 The duration of a single battery swap for a battery swap station to swap battery for
commercial pure electric city taxis (including online booking taxis) shall not exceed 4 minutes,
and the duration of a single battery swap for other commercial pure electric vehicles shall not
exceed 6 minutes. The duration of a single battery swap for other commercial pure electric
vehicles at highway service areas should not exceed 5 minutes.
NOTE: the duration of a single battery swap refers to the time from when the vehicle is in place to
when the battery swap is completed.
5.1.2 The number of battery storage spaces configured for the initial construction of a battery
swap station shall be no less than 3, and it is advisable to have the function of expanding the
battery storage spaces.
5.1.3 The battery swap station shall have the function of identifying and screening the battery
status. The swapped battery shall be fault-free, and the state of charge (SOC) of the power
battery shall generally not be less than 80% of the full charge.
5.1.4 The battery swap system equipped at the battery swap station shall have manual operation
and one-button emergency stop functions.
swap efficiency, transportation demands and operating routes. In addition, it shall be able to
carry out network scheduling of the commercial battery swap vehicles and power batteries.
5.2.4 In addition to satisfying the relevant requirements of 5.2.1 ~ 5.2.3, the battery swap
stations within the port shall also meet the following requirements:
a) The battery swap stations can withstand an operational wind resistance level of 8 and
a main body wind resistance level of 12;
b) The battery swap stations use a solid foundation and anchoring system;
c) The battery swap stations use corrosion-resistant metal materials or perform special
surface treatment on metal components;
d) The waterproof level of key components of the battery swap stations meets the IP54
requirement in GB/T 4208-2017;
e) The main structures and components of the battery swap stations are made of
moisture-proof materials and sealing technology, and the equipment and components
can normally operate in a high humidity environment;
f) The battery swap stations are equipped with a reasonable water drainage system.
Drainage ditches, rainwater collectors, drainage pumps and other devices are set up
in accordance with the surrounding terrain and climatic conditions, and waterproof
pads or waterproof grooves are set up under the equipment.
5.2.5 In addition to satisfying the relevant requirements of 5.2.1 ~ 5.2.3, the battery swap
stations in mining areas and transportation stations shall also meet the following requirements:
a) The battery swap stations shall use materials, such as: metal or plastic with smooth
surface that are not easy to absorb flying dust and easy to clean;
b) The air intake and ventilation system of the battery swap stations should be equipped
with high-efficiency air filtration devices;
c) The battery swap stations should be equipped with automatic cleaning devices, for
example, automatic water spraying system or air purging system, and regularly clean
the flying dust inside and outside the battery swap stations.
6 Service Process and Service Requirements
6.1 Before Battery Swapping
6.1.1 Before a vehicle enters a battery swap station, if the charge of the replaceable battery in
the battery swap station is less than 80% of the full charge, the driver shall be informed.
6.1.2 After a vehicle enters a battery swap station, the vehicle information shall be verified and
the battery swap operation can only be carried out after the vehicle passes the identity
recognition.
6.1.3 After a vehicle enters the battery swap channel, it shall first be positioned and its
positioning status checked. If the vehicle positioning fails, at least one obvious alarm signal
shall be issued in the form of voice, text, etc.
6.1.4 After the vehicle is successfully positioned, the on-site staff and driver shall perform the
battery swap operation in accordance with the following steps:
a) Clearly inform the passengers not to get on or off the vehicle during the battery swap
process;
b) Treat the high voltage AC power converted by inverter;
c) The driver performs parking procedures in accordance with the vehicle design
requirements;
d) Exchange information between the vehicle and the battery swap station, and send
information, such as: high voltage AC power converted by inverter and vehicle
parking to the battery swap station;
e) Start the battery swap operation.
6.2 During Battery Swapping
6.2.1 The battery swap station should avoid abnormal movement of the vehicles that may affect
battery swapping.
6.2.2 The battery swap station shall provide the driver with real-time status information of
battery swapping through at least one mode, such as: screen display, voice prompt, client-end
and vehicle-end.
6.2.3 When the system identifies that a person has entered the dangerous area determined by
the battery swap station, the battery swapping shall be automatically stopped.
6.2.4 The battery swap equipment shall smoothly operate, and the battery swap system shall
not be collided, deformed or damaged.
6.2.5 The electrical interface for battery swap shall not be energized, and the voltage between
the positive and negative poles shall not be greater than 36 V.
6.2.6 The cooling interface for battery swap shall be automatically closed when separated, and
the coolant leakage shall not exceed 0.5 mL when separated.
6.2.7 The battery swap system shall detect the status of the locking mechanism to confirm that
it is properly locked or unlocked.
GB/T 45098-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.220.20
CCS R 10
Technology Requirements for Battery Swap Service of
Commercial Pure Electric Vehicles
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 28, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 General Requirements ... 5
5 Functional and Configuration Requirements ... 6
6 Service Process and Service Requirements ... 8
7 Service Guarantees ... 10
Bibliography ... 12
Technology Requirements for Battery Swap Service of
Commercial Pure Electric Vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements, functional and configuration requirements,
service process and requirements, and service guarantees for battery swap service of
commercial pure electric vehicles.
This document applies to the battery swap service of pure electric vehicles that are carry out
commercial road passenger and freight transport activities and have the function of battery swap.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB 1589 Limits of Dimensions, Axle Load and Masses for Motor Vehicles, Trailers and
Combination Vehicles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 29317 Terminology of Electric Vehicle Charging / battery Swap Infrastructure
GB/T 29772 General Requirements of Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Station
QC/T 1201 (all parts) Compatibility of On-board Battery Swap System for Battery Electric
Commercial Vehicles
QC/T 1204 (all parts) Compatibility of On-board Battery Swap System for Battery Electric
Passenger Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596, GB/T 29317, QC/T 1201 (all parts) and QC/T
1204 (all parts), and the following are applicable to this document.
3.1 battery swap station
A place that provides battery swap service for electric vehicles.
[source: GB/T 29317-2021, 3.1.2.1]
3.2 organization of battery swap service
An organization tha...