GB/T 45044-2024 English PDF (GB/T45044-2024)

GB/T 45044-2024: Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to bleeding
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GB/T 45044-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.01
CCS W 04
Textiles – Tests for Color Fastness – Color Fastness to
Bleeding
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 31, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Principle... 4
5 Apparatuses and Materials... 5
6 Specimen... 7
7 Test Environment... 8
8 Test Procedures... 9
9 Test Report... 10
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this
Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents.
This Document was proposed by China National Textile and Apparel Council.
This Document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Textiles of
Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 209).
Drafting organizations of this Document. Fujian Fiber Inspection Center; Chinatesta Textile
Testing and Certification Services Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Jiale Co., Ltd.; Taizhou Donghaixiang
Weaving Co., Ltd.; Bosen Textile Technology Co., Ltd.; Shaoxing Nanying Textile Printing and
Dyeing Co., Ltd.; Shandong Kingshore Home Textile Group Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Aili Boken
Quality Evaluation Co., Ltd.; Huizhou University; Zhejiang Jincai New Material Co., Ltd.;
Haixi New Textile Materials Industrial Technology Jinjiang Research Institute; Shandong
Yieryi Garment Co., Ltd.; Huamao (Xiamen) Special Material Co., Ltd.; Jiangsu Xinzhanjiang
Fiber Technology Co., Ltd.; Guanxian Xinchang Textile Co., Ltd.; Zhengzhou Zhongke Textile
Technology Co., Ltd.; Tangshan Fengnan District Jinxiang Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.; China
Textile Information Center; Jiangxi Sansheng New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; Dongguan
Daqun Textile Co., Ltd.; and Zhejiang Shaoxiao Printing and Dyeing Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Document. Zhou Aihui, Zhang Huachun, Ren Zhibo, Zhu Qian, Yu
Long, Wang Yiman, Ding Xianfeng, Zheng Xiaojia, Wang Qiang, Jin Peng, Ge Jinhua, Dong
Feng, Han Jianlin, Wang Dongxiao, Guo Anbo, Hua Jinghua, Song Shuo, Sun Xia, Liu Huilin,
Zhang Youguo, Zhu Yanlin, Gao Xiang, Zheng Tao, and Fan Jingsong.
Textiles – Tests for Color Fastness – Color Fastness to
Bleeding
1 Scope
This Document describes the method for determining the color fastness to bleeding of textile
products.
This Document is applicable to all types of colored textile products.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 251 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Grey scale for assessing staining
GB/T 6529 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7568 (all parts) Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Standard adjacent fabric
GB/T 13765 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Specification for STANDARD adjacent
fabric of linen and ramie
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Color fastness to bleeding
The ability of colorant to resist the penetration of water when the colored textile is wet.
4 Principle
The specimen is sewn with the specified adjacent fabric to form a combined specimen (regular
2 - Support;
3 - Lifting beam;
4 - Clamp;
5 - Combined or independent specimen;
6 - Beaker;
7 - Test solution;
8 - Fixing screw;
9 - Adapter.
Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of the specimen holder
5.2 Reagents or materials
5.2.1 Water, in accordance with Grade-3 water in GB/T 6682.
5.2.2 0.05% non-ionic surfactant aqueous solution. Take polyethylene glycol trimethylnonyl
ether (CAS No. 68131-40-8, HLB value 12~13) and use Grade-3 water to prepare a 0.05%
(volume fraction) test solution. The test solution shall be prepared for immediate use.
5.2.3 Gray scale for staining assessment. In accordance with the requirements of GB/T 251.
5.2.4 Adjacent fabrics, select either a) or b), with a) being preferred.
a) One piece of standard cotton adjacent fabric that meets the requirements of GB/T 7568.2;
b) Two pieces of standard adjacent fabric that meet the requirements of GB/T 7568 (all parts)
and GB/T 13765; the first piece is made of the same fiber as the specimen, and the second
piece is made of the fiber specified in Table 1; if the specimen is a blended or interwoven
product, the first piece shall be made of the main content fiber, and the second piece shall
be made of the secondary content fiber; or otherwise specified.
NOTE. Other types of fibers shall be used with reference to the same or similar fibers.
5.2.5 A piece of non-dyable fabric (such as polypropylene fiber) for use when necessary.
6 Specimen
6.1 Preparation of specimen
6.1.1 If the sample is a fabric, cut one or two pieces of specimens with a size of (30±2)
mm×(25±2) mm (weft×warp or transverse×longitudinal). Fabrics of different colors that meet
the specimen size need to be sampled and prepared separately.
6.1.2 If the sample is a yarn, weave it into a fabric and cut one or two pieces of specimens with
a size of (30±2) mm×(25±2) mm.
6.1.3 If the sample is loose fiber, comb and press a sufficient number of fibers to form one or
two pieces of thin sheets with a size of (30±2) mm×(25±2) mm; clamp and sew them to the
undyed fabric on one side.
NOTE. For adjacent fabrics, the specimen selected in 5.2.4 a) is one piece, and the specimen selected in
5.2.4 b) is two pieces.
6.2 Preparation of adjacent fabrics
Cut one or two pieces of single fiber adjacent fabrics with a size of (200±2) mm×(25±2) mm
(weft×warp).
6.3 Combined specimens
Overlap half of the specimen in the length direction (at 15 mm) with the short side of the
standard adjacent fabric at 15 mm; and sew a line (white dacron thread is used for the sew line)
at 5 mm from the upper and lower ends of the overlapped part to make a combined specimen
(see Figure 2).
Select the adjacent fabric according to 5.2.4 to form one or two independent combined
specimens as follows.
a) The specimen is sewn with the cotton standard adjacent fabric to form a combined
specimen;
b) The specimen is sewn with the adjacent fabrics corresponding to Table 1 to form two
independent combined specimens.
GB/T 45044-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.01
CCS W 04
Textiles – Tests for Color Fastness – Color Fastness to
Bleeding
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 31, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Principle... 4
5 Apparatuses and Materials... 5
6 Specimen... 7
7 Test Environment... 8
8 Test Procedures... 9
9 Test Report... 10
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
Please note some contents of this Document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this
Document shall not assume the responsibility to identify these patents.
This Document was proposed by China National Textile and Apparel Council.
This Document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Textiles of
Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 209).
Drafting organizations of this Document. Fujian Fiber Inspection Center; Chinatesta Textile
Testing and Certification Services Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Jiale Co., Ltd.; Taizhou Donghaixiang
Weaving Co., Ltd.; Bosen Textile Technology Co., Ltd.; Shaoxing Nanying Textile Printing and
Dyeing Co., Ltd.; Shandong Kingshore Home Textile Group Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Aili Boken
Quality Evaluation Co., Ltd.; Huizhou University; Zhejiang Jincai New Material Co., Ltd.;
Haixi New Textile Materials Industrial Technology Jinjiang Research Institute; Shandong
Yieryi Garment Co., Ltd.; Huamao (Xiamen) Special Material Co., Ltd.; Jiangsu Xinzhanjiang
Fiber Technology Co., Ltd.; Guanxian Xinchang Textile Co., Ltd.; Zhengzhou Zhongke Textile
Technology Co., Ltd.; Tangshan Fengnan District Jinxiang Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd.; China
Textile Information Center; Jiangxi Sansheng New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; Dongguan
Daqun Textile Co., Ltd.; and Zhejiang Shaoxiao Printing and Dyeing Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Document. Zhou Aihui, Zhang Huachun, Ren Zhibo, Zhu Qian, Yu
Long, Wang Yiman, Ding Xianfeng, Zheng Xiaojia, Wang Qiang, Jin Peng, Ge Jinhua, Dong
Feng, Han Jianlin, Wang Dongxiao, Guo Anbo, Hua Jinghua, Song Shuo, Sun Xia, Liu Huilin,
Zhang Youguo, Zhu Yanlin, Gao Xiang, Zheng Tao, and Fan Jingsong.
Textiles – Tests for Color Fastness – Color Fastness to
Bleeding
1 Scope
This Document describes the method for determining the color fastness to bleeding of textile
products.
This Document is applicable to all types of colored textile products.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 251 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Grey scale for assessing staining
GB/T 6529 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7568 (all parts) Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Standard adjacent fabric
GB/T 13765 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Specification for STANDARD adjacent
fabric of linen and ramie
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Color fastness to bleeding
The ability of colorant to resist the penetration of water when the colored textile is wet.
4 Principle
The specimen is sewn with the specified adjacent fabric to form a combined specimen (regular
2 - Support;
3 - Lifting beam;
4 - Clamp;
5 - Combined or independent specimen;
6 - Beaker;
7 - Test solution;
8 - Fixing screw;
9 - Adapter.
Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of the specimen holder
5.2 Reagents or materials
5.2.1 Water, in accordance with Grade-3 water in GB/T 6682.
5.2.2 0.05% non-ionic surfactant aqueous solution. Take polyethylene glycol trimethylnonyl
ether (CAS No. 68131-40-8, HLB value 12~13) and use Grade-3 water to prepare a 0.05%
(volume fraction) test solution. The test solution shall be prepared for immediate use.
5.2.3 Gray scale for staining assessment. In accordance with the requirements of GB/T 251.
5.2.4 Adjacent fabrics, select either a) or b), with a) being preferred.
a) One piece of standard cotton adjacent fabric that meets the requirements of GB/T 7568.2;
b) Two pieces of standard adjacent fabric that meet the requirements of GB/T 7568 (all parts)
and GB/T 13765; the first piece is made of the same fiber as the specimen, and the second
piece is made of the fiber specified in Table 1; if the specimen is a blended or interwoven
product, the first piece shall be made of the main content fiber, and the second piece shall
be made of the secondary content fiber; or otherwise specified.
NOTE. Other types of fibers shall be used with reference to the same or similar fibers.
5.2.5 A piece of non-dyable fabric (such as polypropylene fiber) for use when necessary.
6 Specimen
6.1 Preparation of specimen
6.1.1 If the sample is a fabric, cut one or two pieces of specimens with a size of (30±2)
mm×(25±2) mm (weft×warp or transverse×longitudinal). Fabrics of different colors that meet
the specimen size need to be sampled and prepared separately.
6.1.2 If the sample is a yarn, weave it into a fabric and cut one or two pieces of specimens with
a size of (30±2) mm×(25±2) mm.
6.1.3 If the sample is loose fiber, comb and press a sufficient number of fibers to form one or
two pieces of thin sheets with a size of (30±2) mm×(25±2) mm; clamp and sew them to the
undyed fabric on one side.
NOTE. For adjacent fabrics, the specimen selected in 5.2.4 a) is one piece, and the specimen selected in
5.2.4 b) is two pieces.
6.2 Preparation of adjacent fabrics
Cut one or two pieces of single fiber adjacent fabrics with a size of (200±2) mm×(25±2) mm
(weft×warp).
6.3 Combined specimens
Overlap half of the specimen in the length direction (at 15 mm) with the short side of the
standard adjacent fabric at 15 mm; and sew a line (white dacron thread is used for the sew line)
at 5 mm from the upper and lower ends of the overlapped part to make a combined specimen
(see Figure 2).
Select the adjacent fabric according to 5.2.4 to form one or two independent combined
specimens as follows.
a) The specimen is sewn with the cotton standard adjacent fabric to form a combined
specimen;
b) The specimen is sewn with the adjacent fabrics corresponding to Table 1 to form two
independent combined specimens.