GB/T 44512-2024 English PDF (GB/T44512-2024)

GB/T 44512-2024: Inspection and test specifications of large-scale amusement device - Ultrasonic stress testing
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GB/T 44512-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
CCS Y 57
Inspection and Test Specifications of Large-scale
Amusement Device - Ultrasonic Stress Testing
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Test Principle ... 6
4.1 Principle Overview ... 6
4.2 Transverse and Longitudinal Wave Test Method for Axial Stress of Bolts and Shafts 6
4.3 Critical Refracted Longitudinal Wave Test Method for Bending Stress of Steel Pipes
and Steel Plates ... 8
5 Safety and Environmental Requirements ... 10
6 Personnel Requirements ... 10
7 Instruments and Equipment ... 10
7.1 Probes... 10
7.2 Ultrasonic Stress Tester ... 11
7.3 Calibration Specimens ... 11
7.4 Coupling Agent ... 13
7.5 Calibration, Verification, Interim Verification or Inspection ... 14
8 Testing ... 14
8.1 General Test Procedures ... 14
8.2 Test Procedure Card ... 14
8.3 Preparation before Testing ... 15
8.4 Calibration of Test Instruments ... 16
8.5 Test Implementation ... 16
8.6 Data Analysis and Evaluation ... 16
9 Test Files ... 16
9.1 Test Records ... 16
9.2 Test Report ... 16
Bibliography ... 18
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules provided in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives
for Standardization - Part 1: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
Please be noted that certain content of this document may involve patents. The institution
issuing this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This document was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of National Standardization
Technology Committee on Ropeway and Amusement Device (SAC/TC 250).
The drafting organizations of this document: China Special Equipment Inspection and Research
Institute; Solid (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangxi Special Equipment Inspection and
Research Institute; Henan Special Equipment Inspection Technology Research Institute; Wuhan
Zhongke Innovation Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and
Research Institute; Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute;
TsingBosch (Zhuhai) Technology Co., Ltd.; China Construction Eighth Engineering Division
Testing Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document: Shen Gongtian, Xiang Yong, Ju Chengwei, Zhang Qiang,
Zhou Lijun, Liu Yannan, Luo Zhen, Zhang Pengfei, Liu Ran, Hu Bin, Zhang Kun, Wang
Zicheng, Zhang Junjiao, Ye Weiwen, Zhang Yang, Zhou Zhou, Chen Haiping, Ye Haibo, Wang
Xiaoliang, Huang Gong, Wang Zhiyuan, Wang Yuyun, Liu Guanghua.
Inspection and Test Specifications of Large-scale
Amusement Device - Ultrasonic Stress Testing
1 Scope
This document specifies the ultrasonic stress testing method for load-bearing components, such
as: steel structures, bolts and shafts of large-scale amusement devices.
This document is applicable to the in-situ axial stress testing of load-bearing components, such
as: solid shafts with an outer diameter of not less than 10 mm and hexagonal steel bolts, double-
threaded bolts with an outer diameter of not less than 30 mm for the amusement devices. It also
applies to the in-situ bending stress testing of load-bearing components, such as: steel pipes
with an outer diameter of not less than 50 and a wall thickness of not less than 6 mm, and steel
plates with a wall thickness of not less than 6 mm.
Ultrasonic stress testing of load-bearing components, such as: steel structures, bolts and shafts
used by cableways and other mechanical equipment shall take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive Testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic Testing
GB/T 20050 Inspection and Testing Specifications of Large-scale Amusement Device - General
Principles
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive Testing - Characterization and Verification of Ultrasonic Test
Equipment - Part 2: Probes
GB/T 34370.1 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 1: General Requirement
GB/T 34370.5 Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment - Part 5: Ultrasonic Testing
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.1 and GB/T 34370.1 are applicable to this
document.
7.5 Calibration, Verification, Interim Verification or Inspection
Implement in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 34370.1 and GB/T 34370.5.
8 Testing
8.1 General Test Procedures
8.1.1 The preparation of the test procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of GB/T 34370.1.
8.1.2 The content of the test procedures shall at least include:
a) Document No.;
b) Scope of application;
c) Reference standards and regulations;
d) Qualifications of testing personnel;
e) Test instruments and equipment: ultrasonic stress tester, probe, calibration specimen,
coupling agent;
f) Information of the workpiece under test: model, texture and surface condition, etc.;
g) Probe installation site;
h) Timing of testing;
i) Test results;
j) Test records, reports and data archiving;
k) Signatures and dates of the person who prepared (level), reviewed (level) and
approved it.
8.2 Test Procedure Card
For each workpiece under test, a dedicated test procedure card shall be prepared, and the content
shall at least include:
a) Test procedure card No.;
b) Serial No. and title of the standard implemented by the testing;
c) Information of the workpiece under test: name, serial No., texture, specifications and
dimensions;
d) Test equipment and instruments: name, specification, model, serial No. of test
instruments, probe model and serial No., standard specimen, etc.;
e) Instrument debugging and parameter setting;
f) Timing of testing;
g) Test location and surface requirements;
h) Schematic diagram of the test site;
i) Test environment requirements;
j) Testing method;
k) Coupling mode;
l) Signatures and dates of the person who prepared (level) and reviewed (level) it.
8.3 Preparation before Testing
8.3.1 Document review
Implement in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 34370.5.
8.3.2 On-site investigation
Implement according to the requirements of GB/T34370.5.
8.3.3 Use of coupling agent
The coupling agent used during measurement shall be the same as that used during calibration.
8.3.4 Determination of test location
The test location shall be determined in accordance with the load-bearing characteristics of the
component and the requirements of the user. If there are no special requirements, then, the test
location shall be determined in accordance with the following requirements.
a) The location of the coupling surface of the transverse and longitudinal wave test probe
for the axial stress of bolts and shafts shall avoid the center hole, lettered end face and
steps, etc.
b) The location of the critical refracted longitudinal wave test probe for the bending
stress of steel pipes and steel plates shall be at the point with the maximum tensile
stress, and it shall be ensured that during the test, the ultrasonic sound beam can scan
the test area of the workpiece under test.
8.3.5 Test surface treatment
The test surface is treated to be free of rust and stains, etc., and the raised lettering height is
polished to 0.2 mm.
8.4 Calibration of Test Instruments
On the loading device, in accordance with the possible load range of the workpiece under test,
load the calibration specimen, obtain the relation between stress and ultrasonic time-of-flight,
and calculate the stress coefficient KLS or KCR.
8.5 Test Implementation
The test shall be carried out when the equipment stops operating. The test environment
temperature should be between 5 C ~ 40 C, and the temperature difference with the calibration
temperature shall not exceed 5 C. In accordance with the requirements of 8.1, test the
workpiece under test, and after the coupling is stable, record the test results.
8.6 Data Analysis and Evaluation
8.6.1 Record the test data, and re-test or record any abnormal sites.
8.6.2 Compare and analyze the measured values with the calculated values given in the design.
Any value lower or higher than 20% is considered abnormal. Based on the application scope of
the working condition design calculation, further re-inspection or maintenance shall be carried
out by other methods.
9 Test Files
9.1 Test Records
The test records shall record test data or information in accordance with the requirements of the
test procedures and shall at least include the contents in 9.2. In addition, all records shall be
kept in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, standards and (or) contract requirements.
9.2 Test Report
The test report shall at least include the following contents:
a) Commissioned organization, testing organization and report serial No.;
b) Procedure version or test procedure card No.;
c) The serial No. and title of the standard implemented by the testing;
d) Name, type, texture and surface condition of the workpiece under test;
e) Test equipment: instrument model and serial No., probe, test block, coupling agent
and test environment temperature;
GB/T 44512-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
CCS Y 57
Inspection and Test Specifications of Large-scale
Amusement Device - Ultrasonic Stress Testing
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Test Principle ... 6
4.1 Principle Overview ... 6
4.2 Transverse and Longitudinal Wave Test Method for Axial Stress of Bolts and Shafts 6
4.3 Critical Refracted Longitudinal Wave Test Method for Bending Stress of Steel Pipes
and Steel Plates ... 8
5 Safety and Environmental Requirements ... 10
6 Personnel Requirements ... 10
7 Instruments and Equipment ... 10
7.1 Probes... 10
7.2 Ultrasonic Stress Tester ... 11
7.3 Calibration Specimens ... 11
7.4 Coupling Agent ... 13
7.5 Calibration, Verification, Interim Verification or Inspection ... 14
8 Testing ... 14
8.1 General Test Procedures ... 14
8.2 Test Procedure Card ... 14
8.3 Preparation before Testing ... 15
8.4 Calibration of Test Instruments ... 16
8.5 Test Implementation ... 16
8.6 Data Analysis and Evaluation ... 16
9 Test Files ... 16
9.1 Test Records ... 16
9.2 Test Report ... 16
Bibliography ... 18
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules provided in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives
for Standardization - Part 1: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
Please be noted that certain content of this document may involve patents. The institution
issuing this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This document was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of National Standardization
Technology Committee on Ropeway and Amusement Device (SAC/TC 250).
The drafting organizations of this document: China Special Equipment Inspection and Research
Institute; Solid (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangxi Special Equipment Inspection and
Research Institute; Henan Special Equipment Inspection Technology Research Institute; Wuhan
Zhongke Innovation Technology Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou Special Equipment Inspection and
Research Institute; Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute;
TsingBosch (Zhuhai) Technology Co., Ltd.; China Construction Eighth Engineering Division
Testing Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document: Shen Gongtian, Xiang Yong, Ju Chengwei, Zhang Qiang,
Zhou Lijun, Liu Yannan, Luo Zhen, Zhang Pengfei, Liu Ran, Hu Bin, Zhang Kun, Wang
Zicheng, Zhang Junjiao, Ye Weiwen, Zhang Yang, Zhou Zhou, Chen Haiping, Ye Haibo, Wang
Xiaoliang, Huang Gong, Wang Zhiyuan, Wang Yuyun, Liu Guanghua.
Inspection and Test Specifications of Large-scale
Amusement Device - Ultrasonic Stress Testing
1 Scope
This document specifies the ultrasonic stress testing method for load-bearing components, such
as: steel structures, bolts and shafts of large-scale amusement devices.
This document is applicable to the in-situ axial stress testing of load-bearing components, such
as: solid shafts with an outer diameter of not less than 10 mm and hexagonal steel bolts, double-
threaded bolts with an outer diameter of not less than 30 mm for the amusement devices. It also
applies to the in-situ bending stress testing of load-bearing components, such as: steel pipes
with an outer diameter of not less than 50 and a wall thickness of not less than 6 mm, and steel
plates with a wall thickness of not less than 6 mm.
Ultrasonic stress testing of load-bearing components, such as: steel structures, bolts and shafts
used by cableways and other mechanical equipment shall take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all th...