GB/T 44257.2-2024 English PDF (GBT44257.2-2024)

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GB/T 44257.2-2024: Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 2: Electrical performance requirements
GB/T 44257.2-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.100
CCS P 97
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part
2: Electrical performance requirements
ISSUED ON: JULY 24, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 24, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations ... 7
5 Technical requirements ... 7
6 Test conditions ... 9
7 Test method ... 10
Appendix A (Informative) Test fixture for high and low temperature test chamber ... 17
Appendix B (Informative) Test procedure ... 18
References ... 19
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part
2: Electrical performance requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the electrical performance requirements for power battery cells,
battery packs or battery systems for electric earth-moving machinery; describes the
relevant test methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacture of power lithium-ion batteries for
electric earth-moving machinery. The manufacture of other types of power batteries is
implemented with reference to it.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 10592 Specifications for high/low temperature testing chambers
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 44254, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Electric earth-moving machinery; EEMM
Earth-moving machinery whose operating energy is fully or partially provided by
electric energy.
Note 1: Operating energy refers to the energy required for earth-moving machinery
operations, including energy input, energy output, intermediate energy conversion processes.
Note 2: Electric energy comes from onboard rechargeable energy storage systems, fuel cells,
generator devices, external wiring networks or other external energy storage devices.
Note: The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of all samples.
5.1.4 Room temperature rate discharge capacity
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.5; the discharge capacity shall not be
less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.1.5 Room temperature rate charging performance
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.6; the discharge capacity shall not be
less than 85% of the initial capacity.
5.1.6 Low temperature rate discharge capacity
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.7; the discharge capacity shall not be
less than 70% of the initial capacity.
5.1.7 High temperature discharge capacity
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.8; the discharge capacity shall not be
less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.1.8 Charge retention and capacity recovery
The lithium-ion battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.9; the room temperature
and high temperature charge retention capacity shall not be less than 90% of the initial
capacity; the recovery capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.1.9 Storage
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.10; the recovery capacity shall not be
less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the range of the recovery capacity
and energy efficiency of all test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average value.
5.1.10 Cycle life
The battery cell shall be tested according to 7.1.11. When the number of cycles reaches
500, the discharge capacity shall not be less than 90% of the initial capacity.
5.2 Battery pack or battery system
5.2.1 Appearance
The battery pack or battery system shall be tested according to 7.2.1. The appearance
shall be free of deformation and cracks. The surface shall be dry, free of burrs, external
injuries and dirt. It shall also have clear and correct markings.
5.2.2 Dimensions and mass
The battery pack or battery system shall be tested according to 7.2.2. The dimensions
and mass shall comply with the product technical requirements provided by the
manufacturer.
5.2.3 Room temperature discharge capacity
The battery pack or battery system shall be tested according to 7.2.4. The initial capacity
shall not be less than the rated capacity and shall not exceed 110% of the rated capacity.
The room temperature discharge energy shall not be less than the rated energy.
5.2.4 Energy efficiency
The battery pack or battery system shall be tested according to 7.2.4. The energy
efficiency shall not be less than 90%.
6 Test conditions
6.1 General conditions
6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted in an environment at a
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 °C, a relative humidity of 10% ~ 90%, an atmospheric pressure
of 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.2 When the test target ambient temperature changes, the environmental adaptation
process shall be completed before the test: the difference between the battery cell
temperature and the target ambient temperature shall not exceed 2 °C; the battery cell
temperature change rate shall be less than 1 °C/h within at least 30 min.
6.1.3 The high and low temperature test chamber shall meet the requirements of GB/T
10592; or refer to Appendix A to use the test fixture.
6.1.4 Before the test, the manufacturer shall provide parameters such as rated capacity,
rated energy, discharge termination voltage.
6.1.5 During the test, the thermal management system of the battery pack or battery
system works according to the manufacturer's requirements or the instructions of the
battery management system; the on or off status of the thermal management system
shall be clearly stated in the test report.
6.1.6 The test procedure and the number of samples required refer to Table B.1 in
Appendix B.
6.2 Accuracy of measuring instruments and meters
The accuracy of measuring instruments and meters shall meet the following
requirements:
If the manufacturer does not provide a charging method, charge at a constant current of
no less than 1I3 specified by the manufacturer to the charging termination voltage,
which is specified by the manufacturer. Switch to constant voltage charging, until the
charging current drops to 0.15I3. After charging, let it stand for 1 hour (or a standing
time of no more than 1 hour provided by the manufacturer).
7.1.4 Room temperature discharge capacity
The room temperature discharge capacity is carried out according to the following steps:
a) Charge the battery cell according to the method in 7.1.3;
b) At room temperature, discharge the high-energy batteries at a current of 1I3 and
high-power batteries at a current of 1I1, until the discharge reaches the discharge
termination voltage specified by the manufacturer;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (Ah); calculate the discharge energy (Wh) and
discharge specific energy (Wh/kg);
d) Repeat steps a) ~ c) for 5 times. When the range of the results of 3 consecutive
tests is less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test can be terminated in advance;
take the average of the last 3 t...