GB/T 44257.1-2024 English PDF (GBT44257.1-2024)

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GB/T 44257.1-2024: Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part 1: Safety requirements
GB/T 44257.1-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.100
CCS P 97
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part
1: Safety requirements
ISSUED ON: JULY 24, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 24, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations ... 7
5 Safety requirements ... 7
6 Test conditions ... 9
7 Test preparation ... 11
8 Test method ... 13
Appendix A (Normative) Thermal diffusion test ... 32
Appendix B (Informative) Typical structure of battery pack or battery system ... 39
Appendix C (Normative) Insulation resistance test method for battery pack or battery
system ... 41
References ... 44
Traction battery of electric earth-moving machinery - Part
1: Safety requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for power battery cells, battery packs
or battery systems for electric earthmoving machinery; describes the relevant test
methods.
This document is applicable to the manufacture of power lithium-ion batteries for
electric earthmoving machinery; the manufacture of other types of power batteries is
implemented with reference to it.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced documents with
dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for
referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all amendments)
applies to this document.
GB/T 2423.4 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2: Test
method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test method - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 2423.43 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test methods - Mounting of specimens for vibration, impact and similar dynamic
tests
GB/T 2423.56 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration,
broadband random and guidance
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment - Part 4: Climatic loads
GB 38031 Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
GB/T 44254 Electric earth-moving machinery - Terminology
An energy storage device composed of one or more battery packs and corresponding
accessories (battery management system, high-voltage circuit, low-voltage circuit,
thermal management components, mechanical devices, etc.).
[Source: GB/T 44254-2024, 3.2.1.3.8]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document.
I1: 1 h rate discharge current (A), whose value is equal to the rated capacity value.
I3: 3 h rate discharge current (A), whose value is equal to 1/3 of the rated capacity value.
4.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
BCU: Battery control unit
FS: Full scale
PSD: Power spectral density
RMS: Root mean square
SOC: State of charge
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Safety requirements for battery cells
5.1.1 Battery cells shall not catch fire or explode, when subjected to over-discharge test
in accordance with 8.1.2.
5.1.2 Battery cells shall not catch fire or explode, when subjected to over-charge test in
accordance with 8.1.3.
5.1.3 Battery cells shall not catch fire or explode, when subjected to external short-
circuit test in accordance with 8.1.4.
5.1.4 Battery cells shall not catch fire or explode, when subjected to heating test in
accordance with 8.1.5.
5.1.5 The battery cell shall be subjected to temperature cycle test in accordance with
8.1.6 and shall not catch fire or explode.
5.1.6 The battery cell shall be subjected to extrusion test in accordance with 8.1.7 and
shall not catch fire or explode.
5.2 Safety requirements for battery packs or battery systems
5.2.1 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to vibration test in
accordance with 8.2.1 and shall not have leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion; it
shall not trigger the voltage and temperature sharp change thresholds specified by the
manufacturer. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.2 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to mechanical impact test in
accordance with 8.2.2; it shall not have leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The
insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.3 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to simulated collision test in
accordance with 8.2.3; it shall not have leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The
insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.4 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to the extrusion test in
accordance with 8.2.4 and shall not catch fire or explode.
5.2.5 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to the wet heat cycle test in
accordance with 8.2.5; it shall not have leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The
insulation resistance within 30 minutes after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.6 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to the dust and water
resistance test in accordance with 8.2.6; it shall meet the IP 67 requirements after the
test. There shall be no leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The insulation resistance
after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.7 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to the external fire test in
accordance with 8.2.7 and shall not explode.
5.2.8 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to the temperature shock test
in accordance with 8.2.8; it shall not have leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The
insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.9 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to salt spray test in
accordance with 8.2.9; there shall be no leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion. The
insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
5.2.10 The battery pack or battery system shall be subjected to high altitude test in
accordance with 8.2.10; there shall be no leakage, shell rupture, fire or explosion; it
shall not trigger the voltage and current sharp change thresholds specified by the
manufacturer. The insulation resistance after the test shall not be less than 100 Ω/V.
6.1.5 The battery pack or battery system shall be tested for insulation resistance before
all tests and after some tests. The test location is between the two terminals and the
electrical platform. It is required that the measured insulation resistance value divided
by the maximum operating voltage of the battery pack or battery system is not less than
100 Ω/V. The test method shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C.
6.1.6 If the battery pack or battery system is not suitable for certain tests due to some
reasons (such as size or mass), the manufacturer and the testing agency may use the
subsystem of the battery pack or battery system as the test object for all or part of the
test after consultation; however, the su...