GB/T 43695-2024 English PDF (GB/T43695-2024)

GB/T 43695-2024: Energy conversion efficiency requirements and measurement methods for lithium ion cells and batteries
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GB/T 43695-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.99
CCS K 82
Energy Conversion Efficiency Requirements and
Measurement Methods for Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries
ISSUED ON. MARCH 15, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 1, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Test Conditions... 6
4.1 Test environmental conditions... 6
4.2 Parameter measurement tolerance... 7
4.3 Sample pretreatment... 7
4.4 Sample requirements... 8
4.5 Number of samples... 8
5 Representation and Calculation Method... 8
5.1 Overview... 8
5.2 Capacity... 8
5.3 Energy... 9
5.4 Coulombic efficiency... 9
5.5 Energy efficiency... 10
6 Requirements and Measurement Methods... 10
6.1 Coulombic efficiency... 10
6.2 Energy efficiency... 11
Bibliography... 13
Energy Conversion Efficiency Requirements and
Measurement Methods for Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries
1 Scope
This Document specifies the energy conversion efficiency requirements for lithium-ion cells
and batteries; and describes the calculation method and measurement method.
This Document applies to lithium-ion cells and batteries.
2 Normative References
There are no normative references in this Document.
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Lithium ion cell
A device that relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative
electrodes to achieve the mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy,
and is designed to be rechargeable.
NOTE. The device includes electrodes, separators, electrolytes, containers and terminals, etc.
3.2 Lithium ion battery
An assembly that consists of any number of lithium-ion batteries and ready for use.
NOTE. The assembly includes protection circuits and may also contain packaging materials, connectors,
protection devices, etc.
3.3 Coulombic efficiency; ηc
The percentage of the amount of charge output when the battery is discharged to the amount of
charge input when it was previously charged.
NOTE 1.Unless otherwise specified, the coulombic efficiency in this document refers specifically to the
efficiency at the same rate.
3.10 Cell (battery) energy; E
The electrical energy input/output of a cell (battery) under specified conditions.
[SOURCE. GB/T 2900.41-2008, 482-03-21, modified]
3.11 Charge energy; Ec
The electrical energy input by the cell under specified conditions.
3.12 Discharge energy; Ed
The electrical energy output by the cell under specified conditions.
NOTE. The international unit of energy is Joule (1 J=1 Ws), but actually cell energy is usually expressed
in watt-hours (Wh) (1 Wh=3,600 J).
[SOURCE. GB/T 2900.41-2008, 482-03-21]
3.13 Reference test current; It
The test current has the same value as the rated capacity (C).
NOTE. The unit is ampere (A) or milliampere (mA).
3.14 Limited charging voltage; Ucl
The rated maximum charging voltage of a cell or battery that is specified by the manufacturer.
3.15 End of discharge voltage; Ude
The voltage of a cell or battery at the end of discharge as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.16 Recommendation charging current; Icr
Constant charging current recommended by the manufacturer.
3.17 Recommendation discharging current; Idr
Continuous discharging current recommended by the manufacturer.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Test environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test is generally carried out under the following conditions.
a) Temperature. 23 ℃ ±2 ℃;
b) Relative humidity. no more than 90%;
c) Air pressure. 86 kPa~106 kPa.
4.2 Parameter measurement tolerance
Relative to the specified value or actual value, the accuracy of all control values or measured
values shall be within the following tolerance range.
a) Voltage. ±0.1%;
b) Current. ±1% of the used range;
c) Temperature. ±2 ℃;
d) Time. ±0.1%;
e) Capacity. ±1%;
f) Energy. ±1%.
4.3 Sample pretreatment
4.3.1 Charging procedure for pretreatment
Before charging, the cell or battery should be discharged at 0.2It to the end of discharge voltage
at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ ±2 ℃. The cell or battery may be charged in the following
test by the following method.
At an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ ± 2 ℃, charge at a constant current of 0.2It. When the cell
terminal voltage reaches the limited charging voltage; change to constant voltage for charging
until the charging current is less than or equal to 0.02It, stop charging, and the maximum
charging time shall not exceed 8 h.
4.3.2 Discharge procedure for pretreatment
The cell is discharged at a constant current to the end of discharge voltage according to the
recommendation discharging current specified by the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Time interval between charging and discharging
After the cell is charged and discharged for two cycles according to the provisions of 4.3.1 and
4.3.2, it is tested according to Clauses 5 and 6.The time interval between the charging and
discharging procedures is the current rate used in the previous charging process multiplied by
60 min.
GB/T 43695-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.99
CCS K 82
Energy Conversion Efficiency Requirements and
Measurement Methods for Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries
ISSUED ON. MARCH 15, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. OCTOBER 1, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms and Definitions... 4
4 Test Conditions... 6
4.1 Test environmental conditions... 6
4.2 Parameter measurement tolerance... 7
4.3 Sample pretreatment... 7
4.4 Sample requirements... 8
4.5 Number of samples... 8
5 Representation and Calculation Method... 8
5.1 Overview... 8
5.2 Capacity... 8
5.3 Energy... 9
5.4 Coulombic efficiency... 9
5.5 Energy efficiency... 10
6 Requirements and Measurement Methods... 10
6.1 Coulombic efficiency... 10
6.2 Energy efficiency... 11
Bibliography... 13
Energy Conversion Efficiency Requirements and
Measurement Methods for Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries
1 Scope
This Document specifies the energy conversion efficiency requirements for lithium-ion cells
and batteries; and describes the calculation method and measurement method.
This Document applies to lithium-ion cells and batteries.
2 Normative References
There are no normative references in this Document.
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Lithium ion cell
A device that relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative
electrodes to achieve the mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy,
and is designed to be rechargeable.
NOTE. The device includes electrodes, separators, electrolytes, containers and terminals, etc.
3.2 Lithium ion battery
An assembly that consists of any number of lithium-ion batteries and ready for use.
NOTE. The assembly includes protection circuits and may also contain packaging materials, connectors,
protection devices, etc.
3.3 Coulombic efficiency; ηc
The percentage of the amount of charge output when the battery is discharged to the amount of
charge input when it was previously charged.
NOTE 1.Unless otherwise specified, the coulombic efficiency in this document refers specifically to the
efficiency at the same rate.
3.10 Cell (battery) energy; E
The electrical energy input/output of a cell (battery) under specified conditions.
[SOURCE. GB/T 2900.41-2008, 482-03-21, modified]
3.11 Charge energy; Ec
The electrical energy input by the cell under specified conditions.
3.12 Discharge energy; Ed
The electrical energy output by the cell under specified conditions.
NOTE. The international unit of energy is Joule (1 J=1 Ws), but actually cell energy is usually expressed
in watt-hours (Wh) (1 Wh=3,600 J).
[SOURCE. GB/T 2900.41-2008, 482-03-21]
3.13 Reference test current; It
The test current has the same value as the rated capacity (C).
NOTE. The unit is ampere (A) or milliampere (mA).
3.14 Limited charging voltage; Ucl
The rated maximum charging voltage of a cell or battery that is specified by the manufacturer.
3.15 End of discharge voltage; Ude
The voltage of a cell or battery at the end of discharge as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.16 Recommendation charging current; Icr
Constant charging current recommended by the manufacturer.
3.17 Recommendation discharging current; Idr
Continuous discharging current recommended by the manufacturer.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Test environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test is generally carried out under the following conditions.
a) Temperature. 23 ℃ ±2 ℃;
b) Relative humidity. no more than 90%;
c) Air pressure. 86 kPa~106 kPa.
4.2 Parameter measurement tolerance
Relative to the specified value or actual value, the accuracy of all control values or measured
values shall be within the following tolerance range.
a) Voltage. ±0.1%;
b) Current. ±1% of the used range;
c) Temperature. ±2 ℃;
d) Time. ±0.1%;
e) Capacity. ±1%;
f) Energy. ±1%.
4.3 Sample pretreatment
4.3.1 Charging procedure for pretreatment
Before charging, the cell or battery should be discharged at 0.2It to the end of discharge voltage
at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ ±2 ℃. The cell or battery may be charged in the following
test by the following method.
At an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ ± 2 ℃, charge at a constant current of 0.2It. When the cell
terminal voltage reaches the limited charging voltage; change to constant voltage for charging
until the charging current is less than or equal to 0.02It, stop charging, and the maximum
charging time shall not exceed 8 h.
4.3.2 Discharge procedure for pretreatment
The cell is discharged at a constant current to the end of discharge voltage according to the
recommendation discharging current specified by the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Time interval between charging and discharging
After the cell is charged and discharged for two cycles according to the provisions of 4.3.1 and
4.3.2, it is tested according to Clauses 5 and 6.The time interval between the charging and
discharging procedures is the current rate used in the previous charging process multiplied by
60 min.