GB/T 43540-2023 English PDF (GB/T43540-2023)

GB/T 43540-2023: Decommissioning technical requirements of lithium ion battery for electrical energy storage
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GB/T 43540-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Decommissioning Technical Requirements of Lithium Ion
Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 General Requirements ... 5
5 Technical Requirements for Decommissioning ... 5
6 Decommissioning Determination Method ... 7
Appendix A (informative) Lithium Ion Battery Status Quantities and Alarm Data Table
... 12
Appendix B (informative) Lithium Ion Battery Electrical Properties Data Record Table
... 14
Decommissioning Technical Requirements of Lithium Ion
Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
1 Scope
This document specifies the decommissioning technical requirements of lithium ion battery for
electrical energy storage (referred to as “lithium ion battery”), including appearance, safety,
electrical properties and economical efficiency, etc., and describes the corresponding
decommissioning determination method.
This document applies to the determination of the decommissioning of lithium ion battery used
for electrical energy storage.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 36276 Lithium Ion Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
GB/T 36548 Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station Connected to Power Grid
DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in DL/T 2528 and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 parameters of battery state
Parameter values that directly or indirectly reflect various states, such as: battery performance
and service life, etc.
3.2 family defect
A defect caused by common factors, such as: design, materials, and processes, etc. during the
production and manufacturing of lithium ion battery.
4 General Requirements
4.1 The decommissioning of lithium ion battery shall be based on the decommissioning
requirements of the energy storage battery and the equipment status reflected in the operation
and maintenance and overhauling data to carry out a comprehensive determination of the
battery’s appearance, safety, electrical properties and economical efficiency, etc.
4.2 The decommissioning determination of lithium ion battery can be carried out through the
modes of data analysis, on-site inspection and tests, etc.
4.3 When lithium ion battery cannot meet the technical indicators of operation or safety
requirements, and the cost of transformation or the economical efficiency of overhauling and
maintenance technology is unreasonable, it shall be decommissioned.
5 Technical Requirements for Decommissioning
5.1 Appearance
5.1.1 When lithium ion battery cells, modules and battery clusters have appearance defects that
may affect their use, such as: obvious deformation, cracking, liquid leakage, pressure relief
valve damage, breakdown or flashover marks, etc., they shall be decommissioned.
5.1.2 When the electrical connections of lithium ion battery cells, modules and battery clusters
have appearance defects, such as: damage, corrosion, looseness and falling-off, and cannot be
repaired, they shall be decommissioned.
5.2 Safety
5.2.1 Safety incidents
5.2.1.1 When lithium ion battery manifests thermal runaway or thermal diffusion, and
expansion, liquid leakage, gas leakage, fire, explosion, breakdown or flashover occurs, it shall
be decommissioned.
5.2.1.2 When lithium ion battery is improperly operated during commissioning, overhauling,
operation and maintenance, resulting in safety incidents, such as: over-charging, over-
discharging, overloading and external short circuit, etc., and the safety evaluation shows that
the battery does not meet the requirements, it shall be decommissioned.
5.2.1.3 After lithium ion battery is dropped, tipped over, squeezed, or accidentally sprayed with
fire extinguishing media, etc., which may affect its operation safety, and the safety evaluation
shows that the battery does not meet the requirements, it shall be decommissioned.
5.2.2 Potential safety hazards
5.2.2.1 If the lithium ion battery management system frequently displays alarm information on
When the energy efficiency of the lithium ion battery is lower than the design value of the
power station, an economic evaluation shall be combined to determine whether it shall be
decommissioned.
5.4 Economical Efficiency
5.4.1 If the charge and discharge energy or energy efficiency of the lithium ion battery cannot
meet the expected use demands of the power station, and it is evaluated that the power station
does not have space for expansion, or the expected use demands of the power station still cannot
be met after expansion, or the cost of battery expansion is greater than the expected benefits,
the battery shall be decommissioned.
5.4.2 When the cost of maintenance, overhauling and replacement of the lithium ion battery
seriously affects the expected benefits, it shall be decommissioned.
6 Decommissioning Determination Method
6.1 Appearance
The appearance inspection and determination of the lithium ion battery and its electrical
connections shall be carried out in accordance with the following steps:
a) Review the inspection records of the appearance of lithium ion battery cells, battery
modules and battery clusters, etc. during daily routine inspections, overhauling and
maintenance;
b) Under good lighting conditions, use visual inspection to review the appearance
defects of the battery and perform maintenance on electrical connection defects;
c) In accordance with 5.1, determine the decommissioning of the lithium ion battery
based on the appearance inspection results.
6.2 Safety
6.2.1 Safety incidents
The determination of safety incidents of the lithium ion battery is carried out in accordance with
the following steps:
a) Review the maintenance records, routine inspection records, abnormality and fault
records, overhauling test reports and other materials of the energy storage station to
evaluate whether a safety incident has occurred in the lithium ion battery;
b) Conduct on-site review of the safety incidents of the lithium ion battery;
c) In accordance with 5.2.1, determine the decommissioning of the lithium ion battery
based on the safety incident results.
6.2.2 Potential safety risks
6.2.2.1 During daily routine inspection and maintenance, after the battery management system
is found to have an alarm that may affect the operation safety of the lithium ion battery, the
following steps shall be followed:
a) Through the battery management system or monitoring system, obtain battery status
quantities and alarm data, such as: lithium ion battery voltage, voltage range, current,
temperature, temperature range, insulation resistance, inter-cluster circulation, etc. for
analysis and evaluation. The table of battery status quantities and alarm data is shown
in Table A.1 of Appendix A;
b) Perform overhauling or maintenance on the lithium ion battery that is in abnormal
condition;
c) In accordance with 5.2.2.1, determine the decommissioning based on the battery
status evaluation results.
6.2.2.2 For lithium ion batteries that have deterioration trends, such as: abnormal energy and
accelerated attenuation found based on operation and maintenance data, in accordance with
5.2.2.2, the determination of decommissioning shall be carried out.
6.2.2.3 Collect recall or family defect information of lithium ion batteries in the same batch,
analyze the cause for the recall and the content of the defect, evaluate based on the impact of
the defect on battery safety, energy retention rate, etc. In accordance with 5.2.2.3, carry out the
determination of decommissioning.
6.2.3 Insulation performance
The insulation performance test of lithium ion battery modules and battery clusters is carried
out in accordance with the following steps:
a) In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 36276, complete the charge and discharge
test of battery modules and battery clusters;
b) The positive electrode of the battery modules and battery clusters and the external
exposed conductive part are connected to the insulation test device. Turn off the
insulation resistance monitoring function of the battery modules and battery clusters;
c) In accordance with the insulation performance test specified in GB/T 36276, set the
test voltage parameters, for a duration of 1 minute, record the insulation resistance
between the positive electrode and the external exposed conductive part, and the test
voltage, and disconnect the insulation voltage resistance test device from the battery
clusters;
d) The negative electrode of the battery clusters and the external exposed conductive
part are connected to the insulation test device;
c) Determine whether the lithium ion battery has reached its design cycle life or calendar
life;
d) For those that have reached their design service life, inspect their appearance, battery
status, insulation, voltage resistance and other properties;
e) In accordance with 5.2.6, determine the decommissioning of the lithium ion battery
based on the evaluation results of their design service life.
6.3 Electrical Properties
6.3.1 Charge and discharge energy
The determination of charge and discharge energy of the lithium ion battery is carried out in
accordance with the following steps:
a) Select the average value of the charge and discharge energy of three complete charge
and discharge processes collected by the battery management system at the rated
charge and discharge power in the operation record, or in accordance with the test
method for rated energy in GB/T 36548, perform charge and discharge tests and
calculations. The format of the record table is shown in Table B.1 of Appendix B;
b) In accordance with 5.3.1 and 5.4.1, determine the decommissioning of the lithium ion
battery based on the charge and discharge energy evaluation results.
6.3.2 Energy efficiency
The determination of energy efficiency of the lithium ion battery is carried out in accordance
with the following steps:
a) In accordance with the method of rated energy conversion efficiency in GB/T 36548,
carry out test and calculation;
b) Compare with the design energy efficiency of the power station. The format of the
record table is shown in Table B.1;
c) In accordance with 5.3.2 and 5.4.1, determine the decommissioning of the lithium ion
battery based on the energy efficiency evaluation results.
6.4 Economical Efficiency
The determination of economic efficiency of the lithium ion battery is carried out in accordance
with the following steps:
a) When the charge and discharge energy or energy efficiency is lower than the rated
value, it can be judged that it cannot satisfy the expected use demands of the energy
storage station;
GB/T 43540-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Decommissioning Technical Requirements of Lithium Ion
Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 General Requirements ... 5
5 Technical Requirements for Decommissioning ... 5
6 Decommissioning Determination Method ... 7
Appendix A (informative) Lithium Ion Battery Status Quantities and Alarm Data Table
... 12
Appendix B (informative) Lithium Ion Battery Electrical Properties Data Record Table
... 14
Decommissioning Technical Requirements of Lithium Ion
Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
1 Scope
This document specifies the decommissioning technical requirements of lithium ion battery for
electrical energy storage (referred to as “lithium ion battery”), including appearance, safety,
electrical properties and economical efficiency, etc., and describes the corresponding
decommissioning determination method.
This document applies to the determination of the decommissioning of lithium ion battery used
for electrical energy storage.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 36276 Lithium Ion Battery for Electrical Energy Storage
GB/T 36548 Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station Connected to Power Grid
DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in DL/T 2528 and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 parameters of battery state
Parameter values that directly or indirectly reflect various states, such as: battery performance
and service life, etc.
3.2 family defect
A defect caused by common factors, such as: design, materials, and processes, etc. during the
production and manufacturing of lithium ion battery.
4 General Requirements
4.1 The decommissioning of lithium ion battery shall be based on the decommissioning
requirements of the energy storage battery and the equipment status refle...