GB/T 43512-2023 English PDF (GB/T43512-2023)

GB/T 43512-2023: Reliability evaluation methods for vanadium flow battery
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GB/T 43512-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.20
CCS K 84
Reliability Evaluation Methods for Vanadium Flow Battery
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Overall Requirements ... 5
5 Evaluation Indicators and Calculation Methods ... 5
6 Test Requirements and Methods ... 6
7 Reliability Determination ... 9
8 Evaluation Result ... 9
Reliability Evaluation Methods for Vanadium Flow Battery
1 Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements, evaluation indicators and calculation
methods, test requirements and methods, reliability determination, and evaluation result for the
reliability evaluation of the vanadium flow battery systems.
This document is applicable to the evaluation of all types of vanadium flow battery systems for
indoor or outdoor use.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2828.1-2012 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes - Part 1: Sampling
Schemes Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-lot Inspection
GB/T 29840 Vanadium Flow Battery - Terminology
GB/T 32509-2016 General Specification for Vanadium Flow Battery
GB/T 33339-2016 Vanadium Flow Battery System - Test Method
GB/T 34866 Vanadium Flow Battery - Safety Requirements
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 Uncertainty of Measurement - Part 3: Guide to the Expression of
Uncertainty in Measurement
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 29840 and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 reliability
The ability of a product to complete specified functions under specified conditions and within
a specified time.
3.2 fault
A state, in which, a product is unable to perform its specified functions.
NOTE: this does not apply if the specified functions cannot be performed due to preventive
maintenance or other planned actions or lack of external resources.
4 Overall Requirements
4.1 Reliability evaluation indicators shall include rated energy efficiency, capacity retention
rate and utilization factor.
4.2 The reliability evaluation method shall adopt sampling test, and after the rated energy
efficiency test, capacity retention rate test and utilization factor test, the corresponding
indicators can be calculated.
4.3 The evaluation result shall be output in a test report.
5 Evaluation Indicators and Calculation Methods
5.1 Rated Energy Efficiency
The rated energy efficiency of the vanadium flow battery systems shall be the ratio of the net
discharge capacity to the sum of the charge capacity plus the auxiliary energy consumption of
the charging process in a constant power charge and discharge cycle within the evaluation
period. It is calculated in accordance with Formula (1).
Where,
---the rated energy efficiency of the battery system;
Esd---the discharge watt-hour capacity of the battery system recorded by the measurement
instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Wsd---the auxiliary energy consumption of the battery system during the discharging process
recorded by the measurement instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Esc---the charge watt-hour capacity of the battery system recorded by the measurement
instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Wsc---the auxiliary energy consumption of the battery system during the charging process
recorded by the measurement instrument, expressed in (W  h).
5.2 Capacity Retention Rate
The ratio of the nth net discharge watt-hour capacity of the vanadium flow battery systems
within the statistical period to the rated watt-hour capacity, which is calculated in accordance
satisfy the requirements of the converter equipment.
6.5.3 In addition to the tests conducted in accordance with GB/T 33339-2016, other tests may
simulate actual operating conditions or use full state-of-charge (SOC) charge and discharge
cycles. After each charge / discharge, stop and let it stand. The standing time shall be greater
than 10 minutes.
6.6 Measurement Instruments
6.6.1 Voltage measurement
The voltage measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5 and its
internal resistance shall be at least 1 k/V. Other measurement instruments with equivalent
accuracy may also be used.
6.6.2 Current measurement
The current measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5. Other
measurement instruments with equivalent accuracy may also be used.
6.6.3 Electric energy measurement
The electric energy measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5.
6.6.4 Temperature measurement
The division value of the thermometer for temperature measurement shall be not greater than
1 °C, and the calibration accuracy shall be not lower than 0.5 C.
6.7 Test of Rated Energy Efficiency
6.7.1 A rated energy efficiency test shall be respectively conducted at the beginning of the test
period and before the end of the test period. If the test period is relatively long, a rated energy
efficiency test shall be conducted once in the middle of the test.
6.7.2 In accordance with the provisions of 8.1.7 in GB/T 33339-2016, carry out the rated energy
efficiency test. In addition, in accordance with 5.1, calculate the rated energy efficiency.
6.8 Test of Capacity Retention Rate
6.8.1 A capacity retention rate test shall be respectively conducted at the beginning of the test
period and before the end of the test period. If the test period is relatively long, a capacity
retention rate test shall be conducted once in the middle of the test.
6.8.2 In accordance with the provisions of 5.7 in GB/T 32509-2016, carry out the capacity
retention rate test. In addition, in accordance with 5.2, calculate the capacity retention rate.
6.9 Test of Utilization Factor
6.9.1 The battery systems shall be charged and discharged in accordance with the operating
mode agreed upon between the customer and the manufacturer.
6.9.2 Record the duration of the fault state within the test period, calculate the number of fault-
free operating hours; in accordance with 5.3, calculate the utilization factor.
7 Reliability Determination
7.1 Reliability Determination of Rated Energy Efficiency
During the evaluation period, the rated energy efficiency of the vanadium flow battery systems
shall be not lower than 90% of the nominal value.
7.2 Reliability Determination of Capacity Retention Rate
During the evaluation period, the capacity retention rate of the vanadium flow battery systems
shall be not lower than 80% of the nominal value. If necessary, capacity restoration can be
performed before the capacity test.
7.3 Reliability Determination of Utilization Factor
The determination is carried out in accordance with the value agreed upon by the customer and
the manufacturer.
8 Evaluation Result
The evaluation result is a test report, which shall at least include the following contents.
a) Foreword, explaining the origin of the test task.
b) Test basis.
c) Test purpose.
d) Test object.
e) Environmental conditions.
f) Test equipment and instruments.
g) Test results:
1) Arrange the original data, which should be expressed in a list;
2) Calculation results.
h) Conclusions and recommendations.
GB/T 43512-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.20
CCS K 84
Reliability Evaluation Methods for Vanadium Flow Battery
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Overall Requirements ... 5
5 Evaluation Indicators and Calculation Methods ... 5
6 Test Requirements and Methods ... 6
7 Reliability Determination ... 9
8 Evaluation Result ... 9
Reliability Evaluation Methods for Vanadium Flow Battery
1 Scope
This document specifies the overall requirements, evaluation indicators and calculation
methods, test requirements and methods, reliability determination, and evaluation result for the
reliability evaluation of the vanadium flow battery systems.
This document is applicable to the evaluation of all types of vanadium flow battery systems for
indoor or outdoor use.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2828.1-2012 Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes - Part 1: Sampling
Schemes Indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-lot Inspection
GB/T 29840 Vanadium Flow Battery - Terminology
GB/T 32509-2016 General Specification for Vanadium Flow Battery
GB/T 33339-2016 Vanadium Flow Battery System - Test Method
GB/T 34866 Vanadium Flow Battery - Safety Requirements
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 Uncertainty of Measurement - Part 3: Guide to the Expression of
Uncertainty in Measurement
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 29840 and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 reliability
The ability of a product to complete specified functions under specified conditions and within
a specified time.
3.2 fault
A state, in which, a product is unable to perform its specified functions.
NOTE: this does not apply if the specified functions cannot be performed due to preventive
maintenance or other planned actions or lack of external resources.
4 Overall Requirements
4.1 Reliability evaluation indicators shall include rated energy efficiency, capacity retention
rate and utilization factor.
4.2 The reliability evaluation method shall adopt sampling test, and after the rated energy
efficiency test, capacity retention rate test and utilization factor test, the corresponding
indicators can be calculated.
4.3 The evaluation result shall be output in a test report.
5 Evaluation Indicators and Calculation Methods
5.1 Rated Energy Efficiency
The rated energy efficiency of the vanadium flow battery systems shall be the ratio of the net
discharge capacity to the sum of the charge capacity plus the auxiliary energy consumption of
the charging process in a constant power charge and discharge cycle within the evaluation
period. It is calculated in accordance with Formula (1).
Where,
---the rated energy efficiency of the battery system;
Esd---the discharge watt-hour capacity of the battery system recorded by the measurement
instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Wsd---the auxiliary energy consumption of the battery system during the discharging process
recorded by the measurement instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Esc---the charge watt-hour capacity of the battery system recorded by the measurement
instrument, expressed in (W  h);
Wsc---the auxiliary energy consumption of the battery system during the charging process
recorded by the measurement instrument, expressed in (W  h).
5.2 Capacity Retention Rate
The ratio of the nth net discharge watt-hour capacity of the vanadium flow battery systems
within the statistical period to the rated watt-hour capacity, which is calculated in accordance
satisfy the requirements of the converter equipment.
6.5.3 In addition to the tests conducted in accordance with GB/T 33339-2016, other tests may
simulate actual operating conditions or use full state-of-charge (SOC) charge and discharge
cycles. After each charge / discharge, stop and let it stand. The standing time shall be greater
than 10 minutes.
6.6 Measurement Instruments
6.6.1 Voltage measurement
The voltage measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5 and its
internal resistance shall be at least 1 k/V. Other measurement instruments with equivalent
accuracy may also be used.
6.6.2 Current measurement
The current measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5. Other
measurement instruments with equivalent accuracy may also be used.
6.6.3 Electric energy measurement
The electric energy measurement instrument shall have an accuracy of not lower than Class 0.5.
6.6.4 Temperature measurement
The division value of the thermometer for temperature measurement shall be not greater than
1 °C, and the calibration accuracy shall be not lower than 0.5 C.
6.7 Test of Rated Energy Efficiency
6.7.1 A rated energy efficiency test shall be respectively conducted at the beginning of the test
period and before the end of the test period. If the test period is relatively long, a rated energy
efficiency test shall be conducted once in the middle of the test.
6.7.2 In accordance with the provisions of 8.1.7 in GB/T 33339-2016, carry out the rated energy
efficiency test. In addition, in accordance with 5.1, calculate the rated energy efficiency.
6.8 Test of Capacity Retention Rate
6.8.1 A capacity retention rate test shall be respectively conducted at the beginning of the test
period and before the end of the test period. If the test period is relatively long, a capacity
retention rate test shall be conducted once in the middle of the test.
6.8.2 In accordance with the provisions of 5.7 in GB/T 32509-2016, carry out the capacity
retention rate t...