GB/T 43409-2023 English PDF (GB/T43409-2023)

GB/T 43409-2023: Metallographic examination of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structural purposes
Delivery: 9 seconds. Download (and Email) true-PDF + Invoice.
Get Quotation: Click GB/T 43409-2023 (Self-service in 1-minute)
Newer / historical versions: GB/T 43409-2023
Preview True-PDF (Reload/Scroll-down if blank)


GB/T 43409-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.80
CCS J 31
Metallographic examination of carbon steel and low alloy
steel castings for general engineering and structural
purposes
ISSUED ON. NOVEMBER 27, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 27, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Selection and preparation of specimens... 6
5 Metallographic structure inspection... 6
6 Grain size determination... 21
7 Non-metallic inclusion inspection... 23
8 Inspection report... 34
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
Please note that some contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing
agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by AND shall be under the jurisdiction of the National
Casting Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54).
Drafting organizations of this document. China Machinery Engineering Institute
Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Zhangshu Fuling Internal
Combustion Engine Parts Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Wanheng Casting Co., Ltd., Foshan
Zhongkai Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Huachang Group Co., Ltd.,
Zhejiang Tairui Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd., China Railway Baoqiao Group Co., Ltd.,
CRRC Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co.,
Ltd., Tongyu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co.,
Ltd., CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Lanzhou Lanshi Testing
Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin Electric Motor Factory Co., Ltd., Shandong Tianli
Machinery Casting Co., Ltd., Datang Boiler Pressure Vessel Inspection Center Co., Ltd.,
Hai'an Haitai Casting Co., Ltd., Erzhong (Deyang) Heavy Equipment Co., Ltd., China
Railway Seventh Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Coal Beijing Coal Mine Machinery
Co., Ltd., Beijing Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang Mechanical
and Electrical Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Zijing New Materials
Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang Zijing Welfare Casting Co., Ltd., Henan Chengjian
Inspection and Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming Jinsheng Special Steel Co., Ltd.,
Xiamen Ruideli Calibration Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming Yijun Machinery
Casting Co., Ltd., Huizhou Zhuoneng Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Puyang Hailin
Special Equipment Manufacturing and Protection Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Kate Auto Parts
Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Junchang Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing Zhongkun New
Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou Hengchang Machinery Manufacturing Co.,
Ltd., Qingdao Libo Auto Parts Precision Casting Co., Ltd., Qingdao Wangshengyuan
Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Changfeng Laser Knife Die Co., Ltd., Shenzhen
Chiwan Shengbaowang Engineering Co., Ltd., Henan Dafang Heavy Equipment Co.,
Ltd., Liaocheng Guangli Machinery Parts Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document. Wang Zhiming, Li Jinmei, Li Juwen, Chen Tao,
Chen Kaimin, Li Pingping, Zhao Hongwei, Wang Hanchao, Gao Dongling, Xu Jialiang,
Guo Jialin, Shang Erfeng, Ou Yuncai, Zhu Zhi, Tian Meng, Zhang Peng, Guan Shuai,
Dong Manzhong, Cao Qiao, Ni Mansheng, Yang Shangguang, Jing Junsheng, Guo
Jianqun, Li Zaixin, Wang Wenwu, Guo Tongtong, Wang Qingyu, Wang Zhengjun, Jiang
Chunhong, Ma Zhengqiang, Cao Minglan, Li Yadong, Li Echeng, Li Zhi, Liang Xiaowu,
Ma Zifu, Li Ping, Li Canhui, Chen Linsheng, Liu Shaogang, Liu Yuanyi, Liu Guozhu,
Metallographic examination of carbon steel and low alloy
steel castings for general engineering and structural
purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the selection and preparation of metallographic examination
specimens, metallographic structure inspection, grain size determination, non-metallic
inclusion inspection, inspection of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings, as well as
the inspection report, for general engineering and structures.
This document is applicable to the metallographic examination of carbon steel and low
alloy steel castings for general engineering and structures; the metallographic
examination of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings for other engineering and
structures can make reference to this document.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5611 Foundry terminology
GB/T 6394-2017 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal
GB/T 7232 Metal heat treatment - Terminology
GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 20566 Terminology of steel and alloy
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 5611, GB/T 7232, GB/T 20566, as well
as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Underheated structure
The heating temperature of heat treatment of castings is too low or the holding time
is insufficient, resulting in abnormal structures such as residual cast structure in
annealed and normalized structures and more undissolved ferrite (more than 5%) in
quenched and tempered structures.
Note. It includes annealed underheated structure, normalized underheated structure,
quenched and tempered underheated structure.
3.2
Overheated structure
The heating temperature of the casting heat treatment is too high and the holding
time is too long, so that the matrix grains become obviously coarse.
Note. It includes annealed overheated structure, normalized overheated structure, quenched
and tempered overheated structure.
4 Selection and preparation of specimens
4.1 Metallographic specimens shall be cut from castings or mechanical properties test
blocks.
4.2 The preparation of metallographic specimens shall comply with the provisions of
GB/T 13298.The changes in the structure shall be prevented during the cutting and
preparation of specimens. The surface of the specimen inspection surface shall be kept
smooth before etching, without scratches and other grinding and polishing defects.
4.3 The etching of metallographic specimens should be carried out with a mixture of 2%
~ 6% nitric acid and anhydrous ethanol (2 mL ~ 6 mL nitric acid + 100 mL anhydrous
ethanol).
5 Metallographic structure inspection
5.1 Metallographic structure
The metallographic structure of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings mainly
includes casted, annealed, normalized (normalized + tempered), quenched and
tempered structures.
5.2 Metallographic structure inspection method and evaluation
5.2.1 The metallographic structure can be inspected on the specimen or the castings.
GB/T 43409-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.80
CCS J 31
Metallographic examination of carbon steel and low alloy
steel castings for general engineering and structural
purposes
ISSUED ON. NOVEMBER 27, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 27, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Selection and preparation of specimens... 6
5 Metallographic structure inspection... 6
6 Grain size determination... 21
7 Non-metallic inclusion inspection... 23
8 Inspection report... 34
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
Please note that some contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing
agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by AND shall be under the jurisdiction of the National
Casting Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54).
Drafting organizations of this document. China Machinery Engineering Institute
Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Zhangshu Fuling Internal
Combustion Engine Parts Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Wanheng Casting Co., Ltd., Foshan
Zhongkai Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Huachang Group Co., Ltd.,
Zhejiang Tairui Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd., China Railway Baoqiao Group Co., Ltd.,
CRRC Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co.,
Ltd., Tongyu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co.,
Ltd., CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Lanzhou Lanshi Testing
Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin Electric Motor Factory Co., Ltd., Shandong Tianli
Machinery Casting Co., Ltd., Datang Boiler Pressure Vessel Inspection Center Co., Ltd.,
Hai'an Haitai Casting Co., Ltd., Erzhong (Deyang) Heavy Equipment Co., Ltd., China
Railway Seventh Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Coal Beijing Coal Mine Machinery
Co., Ltd., Beijing Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang Mechanical
and Electrical Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Zijing New Materials
Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang Zijing Welfare Casting Co., Ltd., Henan Chengjian
Inspection and Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming Jinsheng Special Steel Co., Ltd.,
Xiamen Ruideli Calibration Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming Yijun Machinery
Casting Co., Ltd., Huizhou Zhuoneng Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Puyang Hailin
Special Equipment Manufacturing and Protection Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Kate Auto Parts
Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Junchang Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing Zhongkun New
Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou Hengchang Machinery Manufacturing Co.,
Ltd., Qingdao Libo Auto Parts Precision Casting Co., Ltd., Qingdao Wangshengyuan
Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Changfeng Laser Knife Die Co., Ltd., Shenzhen
Chiwan Shengbaowang Engineering Co., Ltd., Henan Dafang Heavy Equipment Co.,
Ltd., Liaocheng Guangli Machinery Parts Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document. Wang Zhiming, Li Jinmei, Li Juwen, Chen Tao,
Chen Kaimin, Li Pingping, Zhao Hongwei, Wang Hanchao, Gao Dongling, Xu Jialiang,
Guo Jialin, Shang Erfeng, Ou Yuncai, Zhu Zhi, Tian Meng, Zhang Peng, Guan Shuai,
Dong Manzhong, Cao Qiao, Ni Mansheng, Yang Shangguang, Jing Junsheng, Guo
Jianqun, Li Zaixin, Wang Wenwu, Guo Tongtong, Wang Qingyu, Wang Zhengjun, Jiang
Chunhong, Ma Zhengqiang, Cao Minglan, Li Yadong, Li Echeng, Li Zhi, Liang Xiaowu,
Ma Zifu, Li Ping, Li Canhui, Chen Linsheng, Liu Shaogang, Liu Yuanyi, Liu Guozhu,
Metallographic examination of carbon steel and low alloy
steel castings for general engineering and structural
purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the selection and preparation of metallographic examination
specimens, metallographic structure inspection, grain size determination, non-metallic
inclusion inspection, inspection of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings, as well as
the inspection report, for general engineering and structures.
This document is applicable to the metallographic examination of carbon steel and low
alloy steel castings for general engineering and structures; the metallographic
examination of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings for other engineering and
structures can make reference to this document.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5611 Foundry terminology
GB/T 6394-2017 Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal
GB/T 7232 Metal heat treatment - Terminology
GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 20566 Terminology of steel and alloy
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 5611, GB/T 7232, GB/T 20566, as well
as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Underheated structure
The heating temperature of heat treatment of castings is too low or the holding time
is insufficient, resulting in abnormal structures such as residual cast structure in
annealed and normalized structures and more undissolved ferrite (more than 5%) in
quenched and tempered structures.
Note. It includes annealed underheated structure, normalized underheated structure,
quenched and tempered underheated structure.
3.2
Overheated structure
The heating temperature of the casting heat treatment is too high and the holding
time is too long, so that the matrix grains become obviously coarse.
Note. It includes annealed overheated structure, normalized overheated structure, quenched
and tempered overheated structure.
4 Selection and preparation of specimens
4.1 Metallographic specimens shall be cut from castings or mechanical properties test
blocks.
4.2 The preparation of metallographic specimens shall comply with the provisions of
GB/T 13298.The changes in the structure shall be prevented during the cutting and
preparation of specimens. The surface of the specimen inspection surface shall be kept
smooth before etching, without scratches and other grinding and polishing defects.
4.3 The etching of metallographic specimens should be carried out with a mixture of 2%
~ 6% nitric acid and anhydrous ethanol (2 mL ~ 6 mL nitric acid + 100 mL anhydrous
ethanol).
5 Metallographic structure inspection
5.1 Metallographic structure
The metallographic structure of carbon steel and low alloy steel castings mainly
includes casted, annealed, normalized (normalized ...