GB/T 4340.1-2009 English PDF (GBT4340.1-2009)

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GB/T 4340.1-2009: Metallic materials -- Vickers hardness test -- Part 1: Test method
GB/T 4340.1-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.10
H 22
Replacing GB/T 4340.1-1999
Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test -
Part 1: Test method
(ISO 6507-1:2005, MOD)
ISSUED ON: JUNE 25, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2010
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the PRC;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Principle ... 6 
4 Symbols and descriptions ... 6 
5 Test apparatus ... 7 
6 Test piece ... 8 
7 Test procedure ... 8 
8 Uncertainty of the results ... 10 
9 Test report ... 10 
Annex A (Normative) Minimum thickness of the test piece in relation to the test
force and to the hardness ... 12 
Annex B (Normative) Tables of correction factors for use in tests made on
curved surfaces ... 14 
Annex C (Informative) Periodic checking of the testing machine by the user 19 
Annex D (Informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values ... 20 
Foreword
GB/T 4340 "Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test" is divided into the
following four parts:
- Part 1: Test method;
- Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines;
- Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks;
- Part 4: Tables of hardness values.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 4340.
This Part modifies and adopts the international standard ISO 6507-1:2005
"Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method" (English
edition).
This Part is redrafted according to ISO 6507-1:2005. According to China's
actual situation, this Part has been revised and supplemented when adopting
the international standard. These technical differences are marked with vertical
single lines in the margins of the provisions they involve.
The structure and technical content of this Part are basically consistent with
ISO 6507-1:2005. According to China's situation, it has been modified in the
following aspects:
- Delete the foreword of the international standard;
- CHANGE the word "this International Standard" to "this Part";
- USE the decimal point "." instead of "," as the decimal point;
- ADD the description of Vickers microhardness test force;
- ADD a description of the error of duration of test force of special materials;
- Modify the measurement uncertainty of the hardness value in Annex D of
the source ISO 6507-1:2005.
This Part replaces GB/T 4340.1-1999 "Metallic materials - Vickers hardness
test - Part 1: Test method". Compared with the previous standard, the following
contents are modified:
- ADD the requirement of diagonal field of vision under the lens;
Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test -
Part 1: Test method
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 4340 specifies the principle, symbols and descriptions, test
apparatus, test piece, test procedure, uncertainty of the results and test report
for metal Vickers hardness test.
This Part specifies the Vickers hardness test method, for the three ranges of
test force for metals (see Table 1).
Table 1 -- Ranges of test force
The Vickers hardness test is specified in this Part for lengths of indentation
diagonals between 0.020 mm and 1.400 mm.
Note 1: For indentation diagonals less than 0.020 mm, the increase of the uncertainty has
to be considered.
Note 2: In general, decreasing the test force increases the scatter of results of the
measurements. This is particularly true for low-force Vickers hardness tests and
Vickers microhardness tests, where the principal limitation will arise in the
measurement of the diagonals of the indentation. For Vickers microhardness, the
accuracy of determination of the diagonals is unlikely to be better than ± 0.001 mm.
The Vickers hardness test of specific materials or products shall be specified in
the relevant standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
Part of GB/T 4340, constitute provisions of this Part. For the dated references,
their subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply
to this Part. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this Part
are encouraged to investigate whether the latest editions of these documents
The arithmetic mean shall be used to calculate the Vickers hardness value
according to Table 2. The Vickers hardness value can also be found according
to GB/T 4340.4.
For flat surfaces, the difference between the lengths of two indentation
diagonals should not be greater than 5 % of the mean diagonal length. If the
difference is greater, this shall be stated in the test report.
Magnifications should be provided so that the diagonal can be enlarged to 25 %
~ 75 % of the field of view.
8 Uncertainty of the results
If necessary, a complete uncertainty evaluation shall be carried out in
accordance with JJF 1059, the guideline for the expression of uncertainty in
measurement. For the hardness test, there may be the following two methods
evaluating the uncertainty of measurement:
- Based on the evaluation of all relevant uncertainty sub-items that occur in
direct calibration.
- Based on indirect calibration using a hardness reference block (certified
reference material). A guideline for the determination is given in Annex D.
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) A reference to this Part of GB/T 4340;
b) Detailed description related to the test piece;
c) Test result;
d) All operations not specified in this Part;
e) Various details that affect the test result;
f) The temperature of the test, if it is outside the range specified in 7.1.
Note 1: A strict comparison of hardness values is only possible at identical test forces.
Note 2: There is no general process of accurately converting Vickers hardness into other
scales of hardness or into tensile strength. Such conversions, therefore, should be
avoided, unless a basis for conversion can be obtained by comparison tests.