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GB/T 43255-2023: Test methods for sub-zero cold start performances of fuel cell electric vehicles
GB/T 43255-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
GB/T 43255-2023
Test methods for sub-zero cold start performances of fuel
cell electric vehicles
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 27, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 27, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Measurement parameters, units, accuracy and resolution ... 5
5 Test vehicle requirements ... 5
6 Test conditions ... 6
7 Test methods ... 6
8 Energy consumption data processing ... 11
9 Test data recording ... 11
Annex A (normative) Energy consumption data processing method ... 12
Annex B (informative) Fuel cell electric vehicle’s sub-zero cold start performance test
record table ... 14
Test methods for sub-zero cold start performances of fuel
cell electric vehicles
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for cold start and starting performances of
fuel cell electric vehicles in sub-zero (below 0 °C) environments.
This document applies to class M and class N fuel cell electric vehicles using
compressed gaseous hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as “vehicles”).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty
vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 18386.1-2021 Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric
vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
GB/T 24548 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Terminology
GB/T 27840-2021 Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
GB/T 37154-2018 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Test methods of hydrogen emission
GB/T 37244 Fuel specification for proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles -
Hydrogen
GB/T 38146.1-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
GB/T 38146.2-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 2: Heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24548 and
the following apply.
From the start of the vehicle starting operation to the end of the vehicle stopping process
(including the purge process), record the fuel cell stack voltage UFC, fuel cell stack
current IFC, REESS voltage UREESS, REESS current IREESS, and hydrogen volume
concentration CH2 at the vehicle tailpipe. CH2 is measured in accordance with 6.1.3 of
GB/T 37154-2018. The average hydrogen volume concentration within any continuous
3 s does not exceed 4 %, and the instantaneous hydrogen volume concentration does
not exceed 8 %.
7.2.2 Test steps
The vehicle shall be tested for sub-zero cold start performance in the following steps.
a) Perform vehicle immersion in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.
b) After the vehicle immersion is completed, start the vehicle in accordance with the
starting operation steps recommended by the manufacturer.
c) After starting the vehicle, it can turn on the heater, air conditioner, etc. in
accordance with the manufacturer’s regulations to consume power.
d) Record the duration, t1, from when the vehicle is started to when the vehicle drive
system is ready (the vehicle instrument displays “READY” or “OK”).
e) When the fuel cell stack can run continuously for at least 10 min at a power of not
less than 1 kW, or within 20 min, it can run for at least 10 min at a power of not
less than 1 kW, record the sub-zero cold start time t2.
f) Stop the vehicle according to the stopping steps recommended by the manufacturer.
g) If all the above steps are completed and the vehicle’s hydrogen emissions meet
the requirements for hydrogen volume concentration in 7.2.1, the vehicle is
considered to have successfully cold started at the set temperature. If the vehicle
has an alarm or fault during the starting process, or the hydrogen volume
concentration at the vehicle tailpipe does not meet the requirements, the cold start
is considered to have failed.
7.3 Sub-zero starting performance test
7.3.1 Setting of vehicle road load
7.3.1.1 The chassis dynamometer setting of class M1 and class N1 vehicles and class M2
vehicles with a total mass not exceeding 3500 kg shall be carried out in accordance with
the provisions of Annex CC in GB 18352.6-2016. The chassis dynamometer setting of
other types of vehicles shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Annex
C in GB/T 27840-2021, where the additional mass of city buses is 65 % of the maximum
design load mass. When conducting the coasting test on the road and chassis
dynamometer, the brake energy recovery system function shall be turned off. If the
driving resistance curve is provided by the automobile manufacturer, it shall provide a
test report, calculation report or other relevant information and be inspected by the
testing organization.
7.3.1.2 It shall adjust the resistance setting of the chassis dynamometer to simulate the
operation of the vehicle on the road in a sub-zero environment. The adjustment can be
based on the change of the road driving resistance determined in the sub-zero
environment; or the resistance obtained by reducing the coasting time of the driving
resistance determined in accordance with 7.3.1.1 by 10 % can be used as an alternative
road driving resistance.
7.3.2 Selection of driving mode
The driving mode shall be set according to the selection of driving mode in C.2 of GB/T
18386.1-2021.
7.3.3 Test method
From the start of the vehicle starting operation to the end of the vehicle stopping process
(including the purge process), record the fuel cell stack voltage UFC, fuel cell stack
current IFC, REESS voltage UREESS, and REESS current IREESS. The vehicle shall be
tested for sub-zero starting performance in accordance with the following steps.
a) Perform vehicle immersion in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.
b) After the vehicle immersion is completed, start the vehicle in accordance with the
operating steps recommended by the manufacturer
c) Record the duration, t3, from when the vehicle is started to when the vehicle drive
system is ready (the vehicle instrument displays “READY” or “OK”).
d) After the vehicle drive system is ready, switch the vehicle state to the drivable
mode and run at full throttle until the output power of the fuel cell stack reaches
50 % of the rated power of the fuel cell system (PFCE) for the first time, and record
the time t4.
e) Keep the gear unchanged, release the accelerator pedal, slowly press the brake
pedal, and complete the parking within 1 min.
f) Within 3 min after parking, continue to test according to the test cycle specified in
Table 2 and complete 1 test cycle.
g) Stop the vehicle according to the operating steps recommended by the
manufacturer, and the test is over.
h) After completing all the above steps, it is considered that the vehicle starts
successfully at the set temperature. If the test termination conditions in 7.3.5 are
met during the test, the start fails.
Figure 1 -- Schematic diagram of reference curve and tolerance
The allowable tolerance between the actual vehicle speed and the speed specified in ...