GB/T 43092-2023 English PDF (GBT43092-2023)

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GB/T 43092-2023: Electrochemical performance test of lithium ion battery cathode materials - Test method for high temperature performance
GB/T 43092-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.160
CCS H 21
Electrochemical performance test of lithium ion battery
cathode materials - Test method for high temperature
performance
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 7, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Symbols ... 6
5 Test method for high-temperature performance of button half cells ... 6
6 High-temperature performance test method for soft-packed full batteries ... 12
7 Presentation of test results ... 22
8 Test allowable variations ... 22
9 Test report ... 24
Electrochemical performance test of lithium ion battery
cathode materials - Test method for high temperature
performance
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods for the high-temperature electrochemical
performance of lithium-ion battery cathode materials, including high-temperature
storage testing and high-temperature cycle testing.
This document is suitable for high-temperature electrochemical performance testing of
cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium
nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium-rich
manganese base for lithium-ion batteries.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain the provisions which, through normative reference in
this document, constitute the essential provisions of this document. For the dated
referenced documents, only the versions with the indicated dates are applicable to this
document; for the undated referenced documents, only the latest version (including all
the amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2900.1-2008 Electrotechnical terminology - Fundamental terms
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values and expression and judgment
of limiting values
GB/T 20252-2014 Lithium cobalt oxide
GB/T 31484-2015 Cycle life requirements and test methods for traction battery of
electric vehicle
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.1-2008, GB/T 20252-2014, GB/T
31484-2015, and the following apply to this document.
3.1 charge and discharge
of 6 μm~20 μm.
5.1.6 Negative electrode: metallic lithium sheet, battery grade.
5.1.7 Separator: polyolefin porous membrane, with a porosity of 30.0%~65.0%, an air
permeability of 200 s/100mL~800 s/100mL, and a thickness of 5 μm~45 μm.
5.1.8 Liquid absorbent paper: glass fiber membrane, with a thickness of 0.1 mm~0.5
mm, a porosity of not less than 80%, and a liquid absorption rate of not less than 300%.
5.1.9 Electrolyte: It is composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), mixed
carbonate organic solvents [ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl
methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC)), etc.], and additives; the moisture
content is not more than 0.002%, and the hydrofluoric acid content is not more than
0.005%.
5.1.10 Button battery case and components: positive electrode case, negative electrode
case, nickel foam (or gasket and spring). It is recommended that the battery case
material be 304 stainless steel or 316 stainless steel.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Electronic balance: The division value is 0.0001 g.
5.2.2 Mixer.
5.2.3 Small coater or scraper.
5.2.4 High-temperature oven: The temperature control range is from room temperature
to 250 ℃.
5.2.5 Roller press: It is dedicated to lithium batteries.
5.2.6 Thickness gauge: The measuring range is not less than 2 mm, and the accuracy is
0.001 mm.
5.2.7 Electrode punching machine: The diameter of the punching die is 10 mm~16 mm.
5.2.8 Electronic balance: The division value is 0.00001 g.
5.2.9 Vacuum oven: The temperature control range is from room temperature to 250 °C,
and the vacuum degree is not greater than -0.1 MPa.
5.2.10 Glove box: inert gas atmosphere; moisture content and oxygen content are not
greater than 0.0001%.
5.2.11 Button battery sealing machine.
Assembly shall be carried out in the glove box (5.2.10). Assemble the positive electrode
(see 5.3.1), negative electrode (5.1.6), separator (5.1.7), liquid absorbent paper (5.1.8),
electrolyte (5.1.9), button battery case and components (5.1.10) together, use the button
battery sealing machine (5.2.11) to seal the battery, and use the lithium-ion battery
electrochemical performance tester (5.2.12) to carry out the charge and discharge tests.
5.4 Testing of button half cells
5.4.1 High-temperature storage test
5.4.1.1 After the produced battery is left to stand for 6 hours, it is placed in an
environment of 25 ℃±1 ℃. Use the lithium-ion battery electrochemical performance
tester (5.2.12) to conduct the first charge and discharge tests by referring to the
following process:
a) Constant current charging: current of 0.1 C, constant current charging to the
limiting voltage;
b) Constant voltage charging: cut-off current of 0.01 C;
c) Standing: 10 min;
d) Constant current discharge: current of 0.1 C;
e) Standing: 10 min;
f) Constant current charging: current of 1 C, constant current charging to the
limiting voltage;
g) Constant voltage charging: cut-off current of 0.01 C;
h) Standing: 10 min;
i) Constant current discharge: current of 1 C, constant current discharge to the
cut-off voltage;
j) Standing: 10 min;
k) Repeat 2 times according to f) ~ j);
l) Constant current charging: current of 1 C, constant current charging to the
limiting voltage;
m) Constant voltage charging: cut-off current of 0.01 C.
NOTE: Please refer to Table 1 for the limited charge voltage and cut-off discharge voltage of different
materials.
5.4.1.2 After the battery has been left at room temperature for 4 hours, use a voltage
tester (5.2.13) to test the voltage, and then place it in a high-temperature environment
for a certain period of time (It is recommended to be stood at 60 °C for 7 days). After
storage, take the battery out, let it stand at room temperature for 4 hours, and then test
the battery voltage. The charge and discharge tests can be carried out according to the
following process:
a) Constant current discharge: current of 1 C, constant current discharge to the
cut-off voltage;
b) Standing: 10 min;
c) Constant current charging: current of 1 C, constant current charging to the
limiting voltage;
d) Constant voltage charging: cut-off current of 0.01 C;
e) Standing: 10 min;
f) Constant current discharge: current of 1 C, constant current discharge to the
cut-off voltage;
g) Standing: 10 min;
h) Repeat 5 times according to c) ~ g).
NOTE: Please refer to Table 1 for the limited charge voltage and cut-off discharge voltage of different
materials.
5.4.2 High-temperature cycle test
The manufactured battery is left to stand for 4 hours in a high-temperature environment
(recommended at 45 °C±1 °C), and the charge and discharge tests are performed in the
above-mentioned high-temperature environment with reference to the following
process:
a) Constant current charging: current of 0.1 C, constant current charging to the
limiting voltage;
b) Constant voltage charging: cut-off current of 0.01 C;
c) Standing: 10 min;
d) Constant current discharge: current of 0.1 C, constant current discharge to the
cut-off voltage;
e) S...