GB/T 4146.3-2011 English PDF (GBT4146.3-2011)

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GB/T 4146.3-2011: Textiles -- Man-made fibers -- Part 3: Terms of inspection
GB/T 4146.3-2011
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.060.20
W 50
Textiles – Man-Made Fibers – Part 3: Terms of
Inspection
ISSUED ON: JUNE 16, 2011
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2011
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Terms of Inspection ... 4
2.1 Terms of inspection for general man-made fibers ... 4
2.2 Terms of inspection for sampling of man-made fibers ... 5
2.3 Terms of inspection for linear density of man-made fibers ... 6
2.4 Terms of inspection for the length of man-made fibers ... 6
2.5 Terms of inspection for the tensile properties of man-made fibers ... 7
2.6 Terms of inspection for the crimp/crimp contraction properties of man-made
fibers ... 11
2.7 Terms of inspection for heat shrinkage of man-made fibers ... 12
2.8 Terms of inspection for filament twist level of man-made fibers ... 13
2.9 Terms of inspection for filament degree of intertwining for man-made fibers 14
2.10 Terms of inspection for elastic fibers of man-made fibers ... 14
2.11 Terns of inspection for mass difference ... 15
2.12 Terms of inspection for appearance ... 16
2.13 Terms of inspection for defect ... 18
2.14 Other terms of inspection for fibers ... 20
2.15 Terms of inspection for raw materials of man-made fibers ... 22
3 Terms of Inspection for Statistics ... 24
English Index ... 26
Textiles – Man-Made Fibers – Part 3: Terms of
Inspection
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 4146 specifies the terms of inspection for textile man-made fibers
and their raw materials.
This Part is suitable for the exchange of concepts in the fields of production, use,
commerce, scientific research, and teaching of man-made fibers.
2 Terms of Inspection
2.1 Terms of inspection for general man-made fibers
2.1.1 Standard atmosphere
An environment where the relative humidity and temperature are controlled, and
textiles are conditioned and tested under this environmental temperature and humidity.
2.1.2 Relative humidity
Under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the ratio of the actual pressure
of water vapor in the atmosphere to the pressure of saturated water vapor, which is
expressed as a percentage.
2.1.3 Preconditioning
A treatment in which the sample or specimen is conditioned to a rate lower than the
rate of moisture regain before conditioning in the test standard atmosphere.
2.1.4 Conditioning
A treatment in which the sample or specimen is placed in the test standard atmosphere
for a certain period of time to reach moisture absorption equilibrium.
2.1.5 Moisture equilibrium
The state, in which the moisture absorption and moisture release of textile fiber reach
a balance, and the change of its quality tends to zero.
lot, are determined periodically or according to production conditions.
2.2.6 Laboratory sample
The product unit or part of the fiber taken from the lot sample according to the
provisions that are used as the source of the test sample.
2.2.7 Test specimen
The part that is taken from the laboratory sample for testing.
2.3 Terms of inspection for linear density of man-made fibers
2.3.1 Linear density
Mass per unit length of fiber or yarn.
2.3.2 Nominal linear density
The linear density that is mentioned in the sales documents (contract, invoice, etc.).
2.3.3 Percentage of linear density deviation
The percentage of the difference between the actually-measured linear density and
the nominal linear density of chemical fiber to the nominal linear density.
2.3.4 Tex
A unit that expresses linear density, which is the mass grams per kilometer of fiber.
The commonly-used unit is tex or dtex, 1tex=10dtex.
2.3.5 Number of monofilaments
The number of monofilaments that is included in a multifilament formed by a porous
spinneret.
2.3.6 Ratio of monofilament deviation
The percentage of the difference between the number of spinneret holes forming a
multifilament and the actually-measured number of single filaments to the number of
spinneret holes.
2.4 Terms of inspection for the length of man-made fibers
2.4.1 Nominal staple length
The fiber length that is mentioned in the sales documents (contract, invoice, etc.).
2.4.2 Percentage of length deviation
2.5.5 Knot breaking force
The tensile breaking strength of a fiber or yarn with a knot of a predetermined shape,
and that is clamped between the two clamps of the tensile tester.
2.5.6 loop breaking force
The tensile breaking strength of two fibers or yarns that are clamped between the two
clamps of the tensile tester, and that are taken from the same yarn package and
hooked together in a prescribed manner.
2.5.7 Single fiber breaking force
The maximum force that is measured when a single fiber sample is stretched to break,
which is generally expressed in centinewtons (cN).
2.5.8 Single strand breaking force
The maximum force that is measured when a single yarn (multifilament) sample is
stretched to break, which is generally expressed in centinewtons (cN).
2.5.9 Breaking point
On the force-elongation curve or stress-strain curve, the point that is corresponding to
the breaking force or breaking stress.
2.5.10 Yield point
The turning point from the initial straight part to the bent part on the force-elongation
curve or stress-strain curve, that is the point where the fiber begins to undergo
permanent deformation.
2.5.11 Time to break
The time, that the tensile test is carried out under specified conditions, is required from
the time the specimen is stressed to the maximum force.
2.5.12 Tenacity
The strength of the unit linear density or unit section (before stretching) of the specimen,
which is expressed in Newtons per tex (N/tex) and centinewtons per tex (cN/dtex).
2.5.13 Tenacity at specified elongation
The corresponding strength when the specimen is stretched to the specified elongation.
2.5.14 Breaking tenacity
The breaking strength per unit linear density or unit section (before stretching) of the
under pressure, shear, tensile or torsion force.
2.5.25 Stress-strain curve
A graph that characterizes the relationship between stress and strain of a fiber under
pressure, shear, tensile or torsion force.
2.5.26 Force-extension curve
Tensile curve
Load elongation curve
The graph that characterizes the relationship between force and elongation of the fiber
under tensile force (load).
2.5.27 Constant rate of extension (CRE) dynamometer
The tester that stretches the specimen at a constant speed.
2.5.28 Modulus
The parameters that is used to characterize fiber deformation characteristics. On the
stress-strain curve, the ratio of stress increment to strain increment.
2.5.29 Initial modulus
The slope of the initial straight line on the stress-strain curve of fiber.
2.5.30 Young’s modulus
On the stress-strain curve of elastic fiber, the ratio of stress increment to strain
increment in the elastic region of the fiber.
2.5.31 Chord modulus
The ratio of the stress difference to the strain difference between two points specified
on the stress-strain curve of the fiber.
2.5.32 Elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity
The ratio of stress to strain of an elastic medium within the proportional limit.
2.5.33 Secant modulus
The special case of chord modulus, it is the ratio of the stress difference to ...