GB/T 40509-2021 English PDF (GB/T40509-2021)

GB/T 40509-2021: Test method of transition test for the quantification of vehicle on-centre handling
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GB/T 40509-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.50
CCS T 23
Test method of transition test for the quantification of
vehicle on-centre handling
(ISO 13674-2:2016, Road vehicles - Test method for the quantification
of on-centre handling - Part 2: Transition test, MOD)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Measurement of variables ... 6 
5 Measurement equipment ... 6 
6 Test conditions ... 7 
7 Test procedure ... 9 
8 Test data evaluation ... 10 
Appendix A (Informative) Structural changes between this document and ISO
13674-2:2016 ... 14 
Appendix B (Normative) Data preprocessing requirements ... 15 
Appendix C (Normative) Test report - Test conditions ... 18 
Appendix D (Normative) Test report - General data ... 20 
Appendix E (Normative) Test start conditions ... 24 
Appendix F (Informative) Data processing method ... 26 
Test method of transition test for the quantification of
vehicle on-centre handling
1 Scope
This document specifies the test method for the steering wheel of a motor
vehicle from a straight-line driving state to leaving the center area.
This document applies to M1 and N1 vehicles, and can be implemented by
reference for other types of vehicles.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the indispensable clauses
of this document through normative references in the text. For dated references,
only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for
undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable
to this document.
GB/T 3730.1, Motor vehicles and trailers – Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 3730.2, Road vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and codes (GB/T 3730.2-
1996, idt ISO 1176:1990)
GB/T 12534-1990, Motor vehicles - General rules of road test method
GB/T 12549, Terms and Definitions for Vehicle Controllability and Stability
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 3730.1, GB/T 3730.2, GB/T 12549
and GB/T15089, and the following ones are applicable to this document.
3.1
On-centre handling
The steering "feel" and precision of a vehicle during nominally straight-line
driving and in negotiating large radius bends at high speeds but low lateral
accelerations.
3.2
6.2.1 The ambient wind velocity during the test shall not exceed 5 m/s (the
recommended wind velocity shall not exceed 1.5 m/s).
6.2.2 The atmospheric temperature shall be within the range of 0 °C ~ 40 °C.
6.2.3 For each test, the test report shall record the climatic conditions during
the test; see Appendix C.
6.3 Test vehicle
6.3.1 Vehicle parameters
6.3.1.1 The basic data information of the test vehicle shall be recorded in the
test report in Appendix D. For any changes in vehicle parameters (such as load)
during the test, the basic data information shall be recorded again.
6.3.1.2 The wheel alignment parameters shall meet the product design
requirements.
6.3.2 Tyres
6.3.2.1 The tyres shall be installed on the test vehicle according to the
manufacturer's instructions. The tyres shall be run-in for at least 150 km on the
test vehicle or a similar vehicle; but it must be ensured that there is no excessive
use, such as emergency braking, rapid acceleration, sharp turns, and road
shoulder pressure. After running-in, the tyre shall be kept in the same position
for testing.
6.3.2.2 The tyre tread depth (including the entire width of the tyre contacting the
ground and the entire tyre surface) shall be more than 90% of the initial tyre
tread depth.
6.3.2.3 The production date of the tyre shall be recorded in the test conditions;
see Appendix C. The test tyre shall not exceed one year from the production
date.
6.3.2.4 The tyres shall be inflated according to the pressure corresponding to
the test environment temperature that is specified by the automobile
manufacturer. When the tyre pressure is not greater than 250 kPa, the error of
cold inflation pressure shall be ±5 kPa; when tyre pressure exceeds 250 kPa,
the error shall not exceed 2%.
6.3.2.5 The tyre pressure and the depth of the tyre tread pattern before
warming-up shall be recorded in the test report; see Appendix C.
6.3.2.6 In addition to the basic tyre conditions, tests can also be carried out
under other conditions. The specific details shall be recorded in the test report;
see Appendix C.
6.3.2.7 The wheel/tyre assembly shall be dynamically balanced before the test.
6.3.3 Test load
6.3.3.1 The test vehicle load is BETWEEN the curb weight of the vehicle plus
the mass of the driver and the necessary test equipment (not exceeding 150
kg) AND the maximum allowable total mass of the vehicle; but it shall not
exceed the maximum allowable axle load of the vehicle.
6.3.3.2 The recommended test load for category M1 vehicles is the curb weight
of the vehicle plus one driver, one tester and necessary test equipment. The
recommended test load for category N1 vehicles is the maximum design total
mass of the vehicle.
7 Test procedure
7.1 Warm-up
Before the start of the test, the vehicle shall be driven for 10 km at the test
speed or for 500 m at the corresponding speed of the lateral acceleration of 3
m/s2 (one left turn and one right turn) to warm up the tyres.
7.2 Initial conditions
According to the initial conditions given in Appendix E, use the yaw velocity as
the variable to determine the initial conditions. At t0, perform the steering input
in accordance with 7.3. At the end of the test, the test specified in 7.3 can be
ended by re-establishing the steady driving condition of straight-line driving.
7.3 Transition test procedure
7.3.1 Selection of gears during the test: for the manual transmission, the highest
gear shall be selected when multiple gears are applicable; for the automatic
transmission, D gear shall be used. The gear and driving mode selected for the
test shall be recorded in the test report; see Appendix C.
7.3.2 The recommended vehicle speed for the test is 100 km/h; other vehicle
speeds shall be decremented or incremented by 20 km/h from the standard
velocity. The vehicle speed for the test shall be recorded in the test report; see
Appendix C.
7.3.3 After the start of the test, the signal of the transducer shall be recorded
completely. In order to ensure that the required data is not affected by the
instrument, the data shall be recorded continuously for more than 1 s after the
end of the test.
8.3 Characteristic values
8.3.1 Steering-wheel torque (MH) versus steering-wheel angle (δsw)
The following characteristic values need to be calculated in this coordinate
system:
Steering-wheel torque versus steering-wheel angle gradient -- gradient of
straight-line fit to data for the left and right turn directions.
Note: The abscissa is the steering-wheel angle, and the ordinate is the steering-
wheel torque.
8.3.2 Yaw velocity (𝐝𝛙𝐝𝐭 ) versus steering-wheel angle (δsw)
The following characteristic values need to be calculated in this coordinate
system:
a) Yaw velocity versus steering-wheel angle gain -- gradient of straight-line
fit to data for the left and right turn directions;
b) Steering-wheel angle versus yaw velocity deadband -- abscissa deadband
at ordinate threshold of ±1.1 (°)/s.
Note: The abscissa is the steering-wheel angle, and the ordinate is the yaw
velocity.
8.3.3 Yaw velocity (𝐝𝛙𝐝𝐭 ) versus steering-wheel torque (MH)
The following characteristic values need to be calculated in this coordinate
system:
a) Yaw velocity versus steering-wheel torque gain -- gradient of straight-line
fit to data for the left and right turn directions;
b) Steering-wheel torque versus yaw velocity deadband -- abscissa
deadband at ordinate threshold of ±1.1 (°)/s.
Note: The abscissa is the steering torque, and the ordinate is the yaw velocity.
8.3.4 Lateral acceleration (aY) versus steering-wheel angle (δsw)
The following characteristic values need to be calculated in this coordinate
system:
a) Lateral acceleration versus steering-wheel angle gain -- gradient of
straight-line fit to data for the left and right turn directions;
Appendix B 
(Normative) 
Data preprocessing requirements 
B.1 Overview
The frequency range for testing and evaluating is 0 Hz ~ 5Hz.
B.2 Analog signal debugging
B.2.1 Bandwidth requirements of transducers and acquisition systems
The bandwidth shall not be less than 8 Hz.
B.2.2 Filter requirements
A low-pass filter shall be used to filter the signal. The pass frequency bandwidth
(from 0 Hz to the frequency corresponding to the attenuation amplitude of -3
dB) shall not be less than 9 Hz. In the frequency range of 0 Hz ~ 5Hz, the
amplitude error shall be less than ±0.5%. All analog signals shall be processed
with filters of the same phase characteristics, so as to ensure that the time delay
caused by filtering is the same.
In order to save the low frequency signal, DC coupling shall be adopted as the
signal. Since the analog signal filtering process of different frequency
components will be phase shifted, it is recommended to use the digital signal
processing method that is described in B.5.
B.3 Aliasing error and anti-aliasing filter
B.3.1 Analog signal processing
Preparations for analog signal processing include: selecting the sampling
frequency and filter amplitude attenuation characteristics to avoid aliasing
errors, and the phase lag and time delay characteristics of the filter.
B.3.2 General requirements for sampling and digitization
B.3.2.1 Contents that shall be considered during sampling and digitization: the
pre-sampling amplification rate to ensure the smallest digitization error, the
number of bits per sample, the number of samples per cycle, sampling and
holding amplifiers, and sample space. For other digital filters without phase shift,
the selection of passband, stopband, attenuation, allowable ripple, and the
correction of filter phase lag shall be considered. In order to achieve the overall
data acquisition accuracy of ±0.5%, the above factors are very important.
B.3.2.2 Uncorrectable aliasing errors shall be avoided; the analog signal shall
be properly filtered before sampling and digitization. The filter order and its
passband shall be selected according to the frequency range of interest and
the signal flatness requirements at the corresponding sampling frequency. The
minimum filtering characteristics and minimum sampling frequency shall meet:
a) In the frequency range of 0 Hz ~ fmax = (fmax = 5 Hz), the maximum
attenuation of the analog signal shall be less than the resolution of signal
digitization;
b) At half the sampling frequency (i.e., Nyquist frequency or folding
frequency), the size of all frequency components of the signal and noise
shall be reduced to less than the digital resolution.
Example: For a resolution of 0.05%, the amplitude attenuation of the filter
should be less than 0.05% in the range of 5 Hz. The amplitude attenuation
should be greater than 99.95% at all frequencies above one-half of the
sampling frequency.
B.3.3 Filter order requirements
B.3.3.1 To ensure the effect of data processing, it is recommended that the
order of the anti-aliasing filter be fourth-order or higher.
B.3.3.2 Anti-aliasing filtering shall be used; excessive analog signal filtering
shall also be avoided. In addition, all filters shall have the same phase
characteristics, so as to ensure that the time delay difference between the
signals meets the requirements of time domain measurement accuracy.
Note: Because when the measured variable amplitude is multiplied, the phase
shift and the corresponding time delay will increase, so, when the
measured variable is multiplied to form a new variable, the phase shift
shall be paid special attention. By increasing the cutoff frequency f0 of
the filter, the phase shift and time delay can be reduced.
B.4 Sampling and digitization
B.4.1 The dynamic error caused by the analog input change exceeding 0.1%
shall be limited; the sampling or digitization time shall be less than 32 μs. The
data of each pair or group of samples to be compared shall be collected at the
same time or in a short enough time.
B.4.2 Digitization shall adopt a system, of which the resolution is 14-bit or higher
(±0.05%) and the accuracy is 2LSB (±0.1%). The amplification of the analog
signal before digitization shall be guaranteed: in the digitization process, the
comprehensive error caused by the limited resolution and the inaccuracy of
digitization shall be less than 0.25%.
GB/T 40509-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.50
CCS T 23
Test method of transition test for the quantification of
vehicle on-centre handling
(ISO 13674-2:2016, Road vehicles - Test method for the quantification
of on-centre handling - Part 2: Transition test, MOD)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Measurement of variables ... 6 
5 Measurement equipment ... 6 
6 Test conditions ... 7 
7 Test procedure ... 9 
8 Test data evaluation ... 10 
Appendix A (Informative) Structural changes between this document and ISO
13674-2:2016 ... 14 
Appendix B (Normative) Data preprocessing requirements ... 15 
Appendix C (Normative) Test report - Test conditions ... 18 
Appendix D (Normative) Test report...