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GB/T 39715.1-2021: Plastics -- Biobased content -- Part 1: General principles
GB/T 39715.1-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.080.01
CCS G 31
GB/T 39715.1-2021 / ISO 16620-1:2015
Plastics - Biobased content - Part 1: General principles
(ISO 16620-1:2015, IDT)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 20, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
Introduction ... 4 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms, definitions and symbols ... 5 
4 Principle ... 7 
5 Calculation method of biobased content ... 10 
Annex A (informative) Calculation examples for biobased carbon content ... 14 
Annex B (informative) Calculation examples for biobased synthetic polymer content
and biobased mass content ... 15 
Bibliography... 17 
Plastics - Biobased content - Part 1: General principles
1 Scope
This Standard specifies general principles and calculation methods for the
determination of biobased content in plastic products. This calculation is based on the
mass of carbon or the mass of each component in the plastic product.
This Standard applies to plastic products, plastic materials, polymer resins, monomers
or additives made from biobased and/or fossil-based components.
Determining the biobased content of plastic products can help assess their
environmental impact.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics - Vocabulary
ISO 16620-2, Plastics - Biobased content- Part 2: Determination of biobased carbon
content
ISO 16620-3, Plastics - Biobased content - Part 3: Determination of biobased
synthetic polymer content
ISO 16620-4, Plastics - Biobased content - Part 4: Determination of biobased mass
content
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in ISO 472 and the following ones apply to this
document.
3.1.1 biobased carbon content
the carbon content of the product derived from biomass
NOTE: The content of biobased carbon is expressed by the mass percentage of the specimen, such
as the percentage of total carbon content, or the percentage of total organic carbon content.
3.1.2 biomass
materials of biological origin, excluding mineral and/or fossil materials
3.1.3 synthetic polymer
polymers obtained by chemical and/or bioindustrial processes
3.1.4 biobased synthetic polymer
polymers obtained by chemical and/or bioindustrial processes, the raw materials of
which are wholly or partly derived from biomass
NOTE: Natural polymers (see 3.1.7) are not biobased synthetic polymers.
3.1.5 biobased synthetic polymer content; mBSP
the content of biobased synthetic polymers in the product
NOTE: The content of biobased synthetic polymer in the product is expressed as the percentage or
fraction of the mass of biobased synthetic polymer and the total mass of the product.
3.1.6 carbon content
carbon content in a component, material or product, expressed as a mass percent
3.1.7 natural polymer
a polymer obtained from biomass, where the polymer retains the original chemical
structure and components in the biomass
Example: Starch, cellulose, lignin or lignocellulose.
3.1.8 product
a resin, material, article or article resulting from a manufacturing process
NOTE: Products can be materials, semi-finished products or final products, such as polyethylene
resins obtained from petroleum or biomass, biobased PE films, PET resins, PET bottles, monomers
and plasticizers.
3.1.9 total carbon; TC
the total amount of carbon present in the specimen in the form of organic carbon,
inorganic carbon and elemental carbon
3.1.10 total organic carbon; TOC
the amount of carbon converted to carbon dioxide by combustion, excluding the amount
of carbon released by acid treatment
3.1.11 biobased mass content; mB
the total amount of biobased synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and biobased
additives in the product
NOTE: The total content of biobased substances in the product is expressed in terms of the mass
percentage or fraction of biobased synthetic polymers, natural polymers and biobased additives
relative to the total mass of the product.
3.2 Symbols
: The percentage of biobased carbon content relative to the total carbon content.
: The percentage of biobased carbon content relative to the total organic carbon
content.
Mx - The carbon mass of component x.
Wx - The mass of component x.
4 Principle
As shown in Figure 1a), plastic products usually contain the following six categories of
components:
a) Biobased synthetic polymers (component A) and fossil-based synthetic polymers
(component B);
b) Natural polymer (component C);
c) Biobased additives (organic and/or inorganic) (component D), fossil-based
organic additives (component E) and inorganic additives (component F).
In ISO 16620, additives also include fillers.
The biobased content of plastic products can be divided into the following categories:
1) Biobased carbon content [see Figure 1 b1), Figure 1 b2), see 5.1 for the calculation
method]. The biobased carbon content in Part 2 of ISO 16620 can be expressed
as the mass percentage of biobased carbon relative to total organic carbon ,
or the mass percentage of biobased carbon relative to total carbon ratio . In
plastic products, inorganic compounds such as calcium carbonate are added for
D - Biobased additive (organic and inorganic);
E - Fossil-based additive;
F - Non-biobased inorganic additive;
M1 - Biobased carbon;
M2 - Fossil-based carbon;
M3 - Inorganic carbon;
W1 - Biobased synthetic polymer;
W2 - Biobased part of biobased synthetic polymer;
W3 - Biobased component;
W4 - Biobased part of biobased component.
Figure 1 -- Biobased content of plastic products (continued)
5 Calculation method of biobased content
5.1 Biobased carbon content - and
5.1.1 Biobased carbon content relative to total organic carbon
5.1.1.1 When biobased components in the product are completely biobased
The biobased carbon content, that is, the amount of carbon from biomass sources [see
Figure 1 b1)], expressed as a percentage relative to total organic carbon, is calculated
via formula (1).
Where,
MA, MB, MC, MD, ME - Carbon mass of components A, B, C, D and E.
The carbon mass in the inorganic additive MF is not considered in formula (1).
ISO 16620-2 gives a method for determining the biobased carbon content of products
whose biobased components are derived entirely from biomass.
5.1.1.2 When biobased components in the product are partially biobased
If biobased synthetic polymers and/or biobased additives are partially biobased [see
Figure 1 b2)], the biobased carbon content (as a percentage of total organic carbon) is
calculated via formula (2).
Where,
MA1, MD1 - Biobased carbon mass in components A and D;
MA, MB, MC, MD, ME - Carbon mass of components A, B, C, D and E.
ISO 16620-2 gives a method for determining the biobased carbon content of products
whose biobased components are derived in part from biomass.
See Annex A for calculation examples.
5.1.2 Biobased carbon content relative to total carbon
5.1.2.1 When biobased components in the product are comp...