GB/T 39370-2020 English PDF (GBT39370-2020)

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GB/T 39370-2020: Leather. Physical and mechanical tests. Determination of surface reflectance
GB/T 39370-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.140.30
Y 46
Leather - Physical and Mechanical Tests -
Determination of Surface Reflectance
(ISO 17502:2013, Leather - Determination of Surface Reflectance, MOD)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 19, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative References ... 5 
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5 
4 Principle ... 6 
5 Instruments and Materials ... 6 
6 Sampling and Specimen Preparation ... 7 
7 Test Procedures ... 7 
8 Result Expression ... 9 
9 Test Report ... 9 
Appendix A (informative) Structural Changes of this Standard Compared with
ISO 17502:2013 ... 11 
Appendix B (informative) Instruments and Materials ... 12 
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard uses the re-drafting method in the modification and adoption of ISO
17502:2013 Leather - Determination of Surface Reflectance.
In comparison with ISO 17502:2013, this Standard has major structural adjustments.
Appendix A provides a table of comparison of Chapter No. between this Standard and
ISO 17502:2013.
In comparison with ISO 17502:2013, the technical differences and the causes for these
differences are as follows:
---The description of the object of this Standard is modified in Scope;
---In terms of Normative References, this Standard adjusts the technical
differences, so as to adapt to the technical conditions of our country. The
adjustments are intensively reflected in Chapter 2 “Normative References”. The
specific adjustments are as follows:
 The reference of GB/T 13962-2009 is added (see Chapter 3);
 The reference of GB/T 39364 is added (see 6.1);
 The reference of QB/T 2707 is added (see 6.3);
---The terms “Diffuse Reflection” and “Diffuse Reflectance” are added (see 3.1 and
3.2);
---The description of the principle is simplified (see Chapter 4);
---A title is added to the first clause of the Chapter “Instruments and Materials” (see
Chapter 5);
---The stipulations of black reference substances are added (see 5.3);
---The stipulations of sampling are added (see 6.1);
---The stipulations of specimen conditioning are added (see 6.3);
---A title is added to the first clause of the Chapter “Test Procedures” (see Chapter
7);
---The second paragraph of 6.1 in ISO 17502:2013 is modified into the NOTE of
7.1 (see 7.1);
Leather - Physical and Mechanical Tests -
Determination of Surface Reflectance
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the method for the determination of surface reflectance of
leather under visible light and near-infrared light.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of surface reflectance of various types
of leather (especially colored leather).
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 13962-2009 Optical Instruments - Vocabulary
GB/T 39364 Leather - Chemical, Physical, Mechanical and Fastness Tests - Sampling
Location (GB/T 39364-2020, ISO 2418:2017, MOD)
QB/T 2707 Leather - Physical and Mechanical Tests - Sample Preparation and
Conditioning (QB/T 2707-2018, ISO 2419:2012, MOD)
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 13962-2009, and the following terms and definitions are
applicable to this document. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T
13962-2009 are repeatedly listed here.
3.1 Diffuse Reflection
Diffuse reflection refers to a phenomenon, in which, light projected on a rough surface
is reflected in all directions.
[GB/T 13962-2009, Definition 2.45]
3.2 Diffuse Reflectance
Diffuse reflectance refers to the ratio of the flux diffusely reflected (3.1) in all
directions to the total incident flux.
6 Sampling and Specimen Preparation
6.1 Sampling
In accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 39364, conduct the sampling.
NOTE: when the surface of the specimen is subject to abrasion or major tensile
deformation, the test results might be affected.
6.2 Specimen Preparation
Cut the leather to be tested into a rectangle with a size about 300 mm  200 mm.
6.3 Specimen Conditioning
In accordance with the stipulations of QB/T 2707, conduct specimen conditioning for
at least 24 h.
7 Test Procedures
7.1 Calibration of Spectrophotometer System
Set the spectrophotometer system (5.1) to the detection of reflected light. Within the
wavelength range of 400 nm ~ 1,000 nm, the detected diffuse reflectance of the white
reference substances (5.2) and the black reference substances (5.3) is respectively
100% and 0%.
NOTE: the calibration is performed before the start of each measurement and after the
last measurement after over 1 h. Respectively set the upper limit and the lower
limit through the white reference substances (5.2, with a diffuse reflectance of
100%) and the black reference substances (5.3, with a diffuse reflectance of 0%).
The setting of the lower limit may also be achieved by completely shielding the
light source of the modulator tube or turning off the light source.
7.2 Test of Specimen
Place the leather specimen, with the test surface facing upwards, on the platform;
place the integrating sphere flatwise on the test surface of the specimen; measure the
diffuse reflectance; record its diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 900 nm. Change
the position of the integrating sphere on the test surface of the leather specimen;
measure at least 3 positions. The positions of measurement shall be distributed as
evenly as possible in the center of the sample.
If the difference in diffuse reflectance measured at different positions of the specimen
exceeds 10%, then, it shall be indicated in the test report.
Appendix B
(informative)
Instruments and Materials
B.1 Overview
The following instruments are confirmed to be effective for this Standard. Other suitable
instruments may also be used.
B.2 Spectrophotometer
The spectrophotometer (5.1) includes the following components:
---Ulbricht integrating sphere, with a diameter of 30 mm and a port diameter of 6
mm;
---Halogen light source, with a wavelength range of 360 nm ~ 1,700 nm;
---Visible light - near-infrared spectrophotometer, with a wavelength range of 400
nm ~ 1,100 nm;
---Optical fiber (with an inner diameter of 400 μm), suitable for near-infrared light
transmission; used to connect light source, integrating sphere and
spectrophotometer;
---White reference substances;
---The operating software and computer of the spectrophotometer.
NOTE: other spectrophotometers that can measure surface diffuse reflectance in the
near infrared, especially at a wavelength of 900 nm, may also be used.
B.3 White Reference Substances
The white reference substances (5.2) with a diffuse reflectance of more than 98%
within the wavelength range of 250 nm ~ 1,500 nm can be used. Generally speaking,
the white reference substances are stored in a metal box protected from light, so as to
prevent them from being damaged. Suitable white reference substances can be
pur...