GB/T 38943.1-2020 English PDF (GBT38943.1-2020)

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GB/T 38943.1-2020: Earth-moving machinery--Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems--Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 38943.1-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.100
P 97
GB/T 38943.1-2020 / ISO 14990-1.2016
Earth-Moving Machinery – Electrical Safety of Machines
Utilizing Electric Drives and Related Components and
Systems – Part 1.General Requirements
(ISO 14990-1.2016, IDT)
ISSUED ON. JULY 21, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 1, 2020
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 6
Introduction... 8
1 Scope... 9
2 Normative References... 10
3 Terms, Definitions and Abbreviated Terms... 12
3.1 Electric shock protection-related terms and definitions... 12
3.2 Control-related terms and definitions... 15
3.3 Electrical infrastructure-related terms and definitions... 15
3.4 Risk-related terms and definitions... 16
3.5 Miscellaneous terms and definitions... 18
3.6 Abbreviated terms... 18
4 General Requirements... 19
4.1 General... 19
4.2 Provisions for handling... 20
4.3 Provisions for transportation and storage... 20
4.4 Components and devices... 20
4.5 Intended operating environment... 20
4.6 Electrical source... 21
5 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards... 22
5.1 General... 22
5.2 Protection by enclosures... 22
5.3 Protection by insulation... 24
5.4 Protection against residual voltages... 24
5.5 Protection by barriers... 25
5.6 Protection by inaccessibility... 25
5.7 Special considerations for low voltage energy storage devices and related buses... 25
5.8 Prevention of touch voltage... 26
5.9 Protection by automatic disconnection of source... 26
5.10 Protection by equipotential bonding... 27
5.11 Protection by use of PELV... 32
6 Protection against Electrical Fire Hazards... 34
6.1 General... 34
6.2 Fire hazard assessment... 34
6.3 Prevention of ignition... 34
6.4 Minimizing the spread of fire... 34
7 Protection against Thermal Hazards... 34
8 Protection against Mechanical Hazards... 34
9 Protection against Abnormal Operation Hazards... 34
9.1 General... 34
9.2 Overcurrent protection (OCP)... 35
9.3 Abnormal temperature protection... 36
9.4 Earth (or chassis in the case of self-powered machines) fault/residual current protection
... 36
9.5 Protection against over-voltages due to lightning and to switching surges... 36
9.6 Protection against other abnormal operation hazards... 37
10 Electric Power Source... 37
10.1 Disconnection of source... 37
10.2 Prevention of unintended start-up... 39
10.3 External electrical charging... 39
11 Wiring... 40
11.1 General... 40
11.2 Conductors... 40
11.3 Insulation... 41
11.4 Conductor and cable ampacity... 41
11.5 Flexible cables... 41
11.6 Assemblies having sliding contacts... 42
11.7 Connections and routing... 44
11.8 Identification of conductors... 46
11.9 Wiring inside enclosures... 48
11.10 Wiring outside enclosures... 49
11.11 Ducts and boxes... 52
12 Electric Motors and Generators... 55
12.1 General... 55
12.2 Enclosures... 55
12.3 Dimensions... 55
12.4 Mounting and compartments... 55
12.5 Criteria for motor selection or design... 56
12.6 Overheating protection... 56
12.7 Overspeed protection... 56
Foreword
GB/T 38943 Earth-Moving Machinery - Electrical Safety of Machines Utilizing Electric Drives
and Related Components and Systems consists of the following 3 parts.
--- Part 1.General Requirements;
--- Part 2.Particular Requirements for Externally-Powered Machine;
--- Part 3.Particular Requirements for Self-Powered Machines.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 38943.
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part used translation method to equivalently adopt ISO 14990-1.2016 Earth-Moving
Machinery – Electrical Safety of Machines Utilizing Electric Drives and Related Components
and Systems – Part 1.General Requirements.
The Chinese documents that have consistent correspondence with the international documents
referenced in this Part are as follows.
--- GB/T 311.2-2013 Insulation co-ordination - Part 2.Application guide (IEC 60071-2.1996,
MOD);
--- GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC
60529.2013, IDT)
--- GB/T 4728.1-2018 Graphical symbols for electrical diagrams - Part 1.General
information (IEC 60617 DB, MOD);
---- GB/T 5465.1-2009 Electrical equipment with the basic rules of graphic symbols - Part
1.Creation of symbol originals (IEC 60417 DB.2007-01, MOD);
--- GB/T 7251.1-2013 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1.General
rules (IEC 61439-1.2011, IDT);
--- GB/T 11024.1-2019 Shunt capacitors for A.C. power systems having a rated voltage
above 1 000 V - Part 1.General (IEC 60871-1.2014, MOD);
--- GB/T 14048.1-2012 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1.General rules (IEC
60947-1.2011, MOD);
--- GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems -
Part 1.Principles requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1.2007, IDT);
--- GB/T 17299-1998 Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (idt ISO
Earth-Moving Machinery – Electrical Safety of Machines
Utilizing Electric Drives and Related Components and
Systems – Part 1.General Requirements
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 38943 specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and
its components incorporated into earth-moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and
addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders.
It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V~36 kV AC
r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V~36 kV DC - including any repetition rate of pulsating DC -
intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its
applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within
devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope.
NOTE 1.Special considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference
standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to
assess the risks and address them appropriately.
This Part covers all significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events relevant to
the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as
intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies
appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant
hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and
maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
This Part is intended to be used in conjunction with GB/T 38943.2 and GB/T 38943.3, which
give provisions specific to the machine’s power source that take precedence over the
requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those
parts of GB/T 38943 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications
of the machine.
Even though this Part addresses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage
electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional
electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an a...