GB/T 38283-2019 English PDF (GBT38283-2019)

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GB/T 38283-2019: Guidance for electric vehicles firefighting and emergency rescue
GB/T 38283-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 09
Guidance for Electric Vehicles
Fire Fighting and Emergency Rescue
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 10, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Basic Principles ... 5
5 Vehicle Identification ... 6
6 Vehicle Fixing ... 6
7 Turn-off the Power ... 7
8 Collision Rescue ... 7
9 Waters Accident Rescue ... 9
10 Fire Extinguishing ... 11
11 Accident Rescue under Charging ... 12
Foreword
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of
PRC.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee for
Standardization of Automobile (SAC/TC 114).
Drafting organizations of this Standard: Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of
Public Security; China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd.; Beijing
Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd.; BYD Automobile Industry Co., Ltd.; Technical Center for
SAIC Motor Corporation Limit; Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.; Fire
Department of Ministry of Public Security; China FAW Group Co., Ltd.; Pan Asia
Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.; and Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard: Cai Liying, He Ning, Li Peng, Fu Hedong, Lu
Chun, Liu Guibin, Xue Lin, Zhang Yongfeng, Huang Hao, Tan Yi, Zhang Lei, Liu
Chaohui, Fu Jiewen, Song Fang, Wu Pei, and Huang Dongyi.
Guidance for Electric Vehicles
Fire Fighting and Emergency Rescue
1 Scope
This Standard gives guidance on the fire fighting and emergency rescue in the event
of a fire, collision, or water bubble for an electric vehicle.
This Standard is applicable to the full-time rescue personnel for emergency rescue
against the pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.
This Standard is inapplicable to the emergency rescue of the fuel cell electric vehicles.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 5907 (all parts) Fire Protection Vocabulary
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GA/T 1276 Guidelines for Extricating Trapped Persons in Road Traffic Accidents
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5907 and
GB/T 19596 and the following apply.
3.1 Offensive attack
When a person is trapped or the high-voltage battery does not catch fire, an offensive
fire extinguishing tactic is adopted under the condition of good personal protection.
3.2 Defensive attack
When the high-voltage battery is ignited and no one is trapped, a defensive fire
extinguishing tactic is adopted under the insufficient fire-extinguishing conditions.
4 Basic Principles
4.1 Evaluation
When an electric vehicle occurs a disaster accident, it is necessary to firstly evaluate
the scene; and judge the damage of the accidental vehicle’s power battery and high-
voltage electrical system and the risk factors and consequences of explosion and
combustion caused by the power battery through external observation and instrument
monitoring. Prepare for the accident rescue.
4.2 Alert
4.2.1 For the accident scene, first of all, it is necessary to consider the situation of the
scene; determine the alert range; and set up alert signs.
4.2.2 A working area is usually set within 10m around the accidental vehicle; irrelevant
vehicles, people, and vessels are prohibited from entering as far as possible. An
operating area is set within 5m; and only rescue personnel directly responsible for
treating or rescuing the trapped are allowed to enter.
4.2.3 It is necessary to continuously monitor flammable and toxic gases; monitor the
temperature of the power battery part of the accidental vehicle; and adjust the alert
range in a timely manner.
4.3 Leakage disposal
4.3.1 When any liquid other than the electrolyte leaks from the vehicle, it shall be
disposed of in accordance with the fuel vehicle disposal method.
4.3.2 When the electrolyte leaks, there is a large amount of toxic gas overflowing. It is
necessary to wear a full set of respiratory protective equipment and control the external
fire source to avoid the electrolyte being ignited.
4.3.3 If possible, it is advisable to use an adsorbent material to collect the electrolyte
as much as possible to prevent it from polluting the environment.
4.4 Rescue personnel capabilities and equipment
4.4.1 Technical capabilities
Rescuers need to be familiar with electric vehicles and their structures; and receive
relevant training to quickly cut off power and avoid the threat of high voltage electricity
at the scene of the accident.
4.4.2 Personal protective equipment
In the event of an electric vehicle accident, especially when the battery is damaged or
burned, in addition to the danger of electric shock, a large amount of toxic and harmful
gases shall be released. To ensure the safety of rescuers, personal protective
equipment shall be worn as follows:
a) When dealing with fire accident, rescuers shall wear full sets of personal
protective equipment and respiratory protective equipment as much as possible;
b) When dealing with collisions and wading accidents, rescuers shall wear a full set
of electrical insulation equipment as much as possible; and wear the necessary
water rescue protective equipment for water rescue.
5 Vehicle Identification
5.1 Vehicle external sign identification
5.1.1 Vehicle number plate identification
If the vehicle number plate is not damaged, the national electric vehicle number plate
rules can be used to identify whether the accidental vehicle is electric vehicle, such as
a green number plate.
5.1.2 Electric vehicle identification
The vehicle can be determined whether it is an electric vehicle by observing the body,
especially if there is an electric vehicle sign on the trunk lid at the rear, such as “EV”,
“Hybrid”, “electric vehicle”, and “hybrid power”.
5.2 Vehicle internal sign identification
5.2.1 The position of high-voltage components and power-off switches can be known
in advance based on vehicle information.
5.2.2 When operating the vehicle, firstly observe the conditions of the high-voltage/low-
voltage cables or components; especially the orange high-voltage cables or
components. At the same time, other related sings need to be checked.
6 Vehicle Fixing
6.1 Fixing wheels
It should be according to the state and location of the accidental vehicle, reasonably
adopt short-feet, long-feet and other stable technologies; use supporting rods and
other equipment to effectively stabilize the vehicle body; create safe operating
conditions; and effectively prevent the vehicle from moving.
6.2 Vehicle braking device
According to the braking devices of different vehicles, make sure that the vehicle is
parked as much as possible.
7 Turn-off the Power
7.1 Automatic power-off
Turn-off the vehicle start switch; it is better to put the key of the vehicle with automatic
start...