GB/T 38223-2019 English PDF (GB/T38223-2019)

GB/T 38223-2019: Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless-steel castings
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GB/T 38223-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.99
J 31
Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless-
steel castings
(ISO 13520:2015, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 18, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Metallographic method ... 6 
5 Magnetic method ... 9 
6 Chemical composition method ... 10 
7 Test report ... 14 
Annex A (informative) Control table on sub-clause No. between this Standard
and ISO 13520:2015 ... 15 
Annex B (informative) Metallographic etching method ... 17 
Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless-
steel castings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies metallographic method, magnetic method, chemical
composition method in determination methods of ferrite content in austenitic
stainless-steel castings and test report.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of ferrite content in Cr-Ni
austenitic stainless-steel castings. The determination of ferrite content in duplex
stainless-steel castings refer to this Standard for implementation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 1954, Methods of determination for ferrite content in austenitic Cr-Ni
stainless-steel weld metals (GB/T 1954-2008, ISO 8249:2000, MOD)
GB/T 5678, Sampling methods of spectrochemical analysis for cast alloys
GB/T 13298, Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 13305, Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-
phases in stainless-steels
GB/T 15749, Determining method in quantitative metallography
GB/T 20066, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the
determination of chemical composition (GB/T 20066-2006, ISO 14284:1996,
IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 ferrite
4.2.1 When sampling, the heat treatment state of the casting is agreed by the
supplier and the purchaser.
4.2.2 It shall perform sampling on the base metal of the casting. The sampling
position and quantity are agreed by the supplier and the purchaser. Cut the
sample according to the provisions of GB/T 13305.
4.3 Test
4.3.1 Sample preparation
Sample grinding, polishing and etching shall be carried out according to GB/T
13305 or GB/T 13298. The chemical etching method of the sample can be
carried out according to GB/T 1954 or Annex B.
4.3.2 Selection of field of view
4.3.2.1 Use the worst field of view method or the average field of view method
to determine the ferrite percentage in the sample, agreed by the supplier and
the purchaser. When necessary, determine on two sections of the sample that
are perpendicular to each other.
4.3.2.2 When using the worst field of view method, it shall select a lower
amplification factor to fully observe the entire inspection surface. Select the field
of view that has the most ferrite percentage to determine.
4.3.2.3 When using the average field of view method, generally, each detection
surface randomly selects no less than 5 representative non-overlapping fields
of view. Take the average value as the determination result. If the ferrite
distribution is found to be uneven during the determination, it shall give the
average, maximum and minimum percentages in the determination results and
explain.
4.3.3 Selection of determination method
4.3.3.1 Use the grid number point method, grid line method and image analyzer
method to determine the ferrite percentage in the field of view. During
determination, it shall select a suitable determination method according to the
ferrite morphology distribution.
4.3.3.2 The grid number point method is only applicable to the determination of
ferrite percentage in casting that its form is approximately isometric. The grid
line method and image analyzer method are applicable to the determination of
ferrite percentage of all forms.
4.3.4 Determination of ferrite percentage
4.3.4.1 Grid number point method
tested;
d) Automatically determine the area fraction of the ferrite to be tested AA.
According to equation (1), obtain the ferrite percentage of this sample.
5 Magnetic method
5.1 General rules
5.1.1 When the material requires heat treatment, the determination shall be
performed after the casting is subject to the final heat treatment. During
sampling, it shall avoid the effect of heat treated surface on the determination
result.
5.1.2 The roughness of the surface to be tested shall meet Ra< 20μm. During
sample processing, it shall use the minimum feed of the grinding machine to
process the last 0.5mm. During determination, the distance between the
determination point and the sample or component edge shall exceed 5mm.
When determining on a curved surface, the radius of curvature shall be greater
than 10mm.
5.2 Sampling rules
5.2.1 Except special requirements, the determination shall be performed on the
sample (the sample is extracted from the base metal of casting, non-weld metal).
If the determination position is the casting position designated on the design
drawing, it shall be regulated on the agreement.
5.2.2 Extract the sample on the attaching casting test block of the casting. The
minimum size of the sample shall be 30mm × 30mm × 30mm. When the sample
is extracted from a single casting test block, the sample shall be extracted
15mm below the surface.
5.2.3 When the tensile test is required to conduct in the product specification,
the position for determination shall be selected to represent the undeformed
end of the tensile sample of the casting of same furnace number.
5.3 Test
5.3.1 The ferrite determining instrument, before use, shall use the calibration
block to calibrate. The ferrite determining instrument and the calibration block
shall be calibrated regularly (usually it does not exceed one year).
5.3.2 The magnet (or probe) of the instrument and the surface to be tested,
before the testing, shall be removed from rust, grease, dander or dust that
affects the determination accuracy.
6.3 Test
6.3.1 When using graphic method to calculate, it shall determine the
percentages of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum,
niobium and nitrogen in casting. Use equation (2) to calculate the ratio of
chromium equivalent CR(Cr) to nickel equivalent CR(Ni) of castings. And use
the center line (solid line) in Figure 1 to determine the ferrite percentage. Or
directly find the average ferrite percentage corresponding to the ratio of
chromium equivalent to nickel equivalent in Table 2.
Where, the percentage of each element is represented in mass fraction.
6.3.2 The ratio of chromium equivalent to nickel equivalent can be obtained
from the intersection of the solid line and the ferrite volume fraction in Figure 1
or obtained from Table 2. For example, when the ferrite percentage is 12%, the
ratio of chromium equivalent to nickel equivalent is 1.234.
6.3.3 The average ferrite percentage in the casting is obtained from the
intersection of the centerline and the equivalent ratio of Figure 1. The dotted
line in Figure 1 shows the possible error range. If the equivalent ratio is 1.234,
specify it as 12% of ferrite volume fraction, which varies from 8%~17%,
corresponding to Table 3.
NOTE: Since there is error in chemical composition method, the calculated value may
deviate from the actual value. Therefore, the ferrite percentage may be higher or lower
than the corresponding value of the centerline.
6.3.4 The equivalent ratio value (CR) of the specific ferrite percentage (F) is
solved from the center line equation (3). The ferrite percentage F corresponding
to the equivalent ratio CR can be solved by equation (4).
GB/T 38223-2019
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.99
J 31
Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless-
steel castings
(ISO 13520:2015, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 18, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Metallographic method ... 6 
5 Magnetic method ... 9 
6 Chemical composition method ... 10 
7 Test report ... 14 
Annex A (informative) Control table on sub-clause No. between this Standard
and ISO 13520:2015 ... 15 
Annex B (informative) Metallographic etching method ... 17 
Determination of ferrite content in austenitic stainless-
steel castings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies metallographic method, magnetic method, chemical
composition method in determination methods of ferrite content in austenitic
stainless-steel castings and test report.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of ferrite content in Cr-Ni
austenitic stainless-steel castings. The determination of ferrite content in duplex
stainless-steel castings refer to this Standard for implementation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 1954, Methods of determination for ferrite content in austenitic Cr-Ni
stainless-steel weld metals (GB/T 1954-2008, ISO 8249:2000, MOD)
GB/T 5678, Sampling methods of spectrochemical analysis for cast alloys
GB/T 13298, Inspection methods of microstructure for metals
GB/T 13305, Micrographic method for determining area content of the α-
phases in stainless-steels
GB/T 15749, Determining method in quantitative metallography
GB/T 20066, Steel and iron - Sampling and preparation of samples for the
determination of chemical composition (GB/T 20066-2006, ISO 14284:1996,
IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 ferrite
4.2.1 When sampling, the heat treatment state of the casting is agreed by the
supplier and the purchaser.
4.2.2 It shall perform sampling on the base metal of the casting. The sampling
position and quantity are agreed by the supplier and the purchaser. Cut the
sample according to the provisions of GB/T 13305.
4.3 Test
4.3.1 Sample preparation
Sample grinding, polishing and etching shall be carried out according to GB/T
13305 or GB/T 13298. The chemical etching method of the sample can be
carried out according to GB/T 1954 or Annex B.
4.3.2 Selection of field of view
4.3.2.1 Use the worst field of view method or the average field of view method
to determine the ferrite percentage in the sample, agreed by the supplier and
the purchaser. When necessary, determine on two sections of the sample that
are perpendicular to each other.
4.3.2.2 When using the worst field of view method, it shall select a lower
amplification factor to fully observe the entire inspection surface. Select the field
of view that has the most ferrite percentage to determine.
4.3.2.3 When using the average field of view method, generally, each detection
surface randomly selects no less than 5 representative non-overlapping fields
of view. Take the average value as the determination result. If the ferrite
distribution is found to be uneven during the determination, it shall give the
average, maximum and minimum percentages in the determination results and
explain.
4.3.3 Selection of determination method
4.3.3.1 Use the grid number point method, grid line method and image analyzer
method to determine the ferrite percentage in the field of view. During
determination, it shall select a suitable determination method according to the
ferrite morphology distribution.
4.3.3.2 The grid number point method is only applicable to the determination of
ferrite percentage in casting that its form is approximately isometric. The grid
line method and image analyzer method are applicable to the determination of
ferrite percentage of all forms.
4.3.4 Determination of ferrite percentage
4.3.4.1 Grid number point method
tested;
d) Automatically determine the area fraction of the ferrite to be tested AA.
According to equation (1), obtain the ferrite percentage of this sample.
5 Magnetic method
5.1 General rules
5.1.1 When the material requires heat treatment, the determination shall be
performed after the casting is subject to the final heat treatment. During
sampling, it shall avoid the effect of heat treated surface on the determination
result.
5.1.2 The roughness of the surface to be tested shall meet Ra< 20μm. During
sample processing, it shall use the minimum feed of the grinding machine to
process the last 0.5mm. During determination, the distance between the
determination point and the sample or component edge shall exceed 5mm.
When determining on a curved surface, the radius of curvature shall be greater
than 10mm.
5.2 Sampling rules
5.2.1 Except special requirements, the determination shall be performed on the
sample (the sample is extracted from the base metal of casting, non-weld metal).
If the determination position is the casting position designated on the design
drawing, it shall be regulated on the agreement.
5.2.2 Extract the sample on the attaching casting test block of the casting. The
minimum size of the sample shall be 30mm × 30mm × 30mm. When the sample
is extracted from a single casting test block, the sample shall be extracted
15mm below the surface.
5.2.3 Whe...