GB/T 37400.5-2019 English PDF (GB/T37400.5-2019)

GB/T 37400.5-2019: Heavy mechanical general technical specification - Part 5: Nonferrous metal casting
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GB/T 37400.5-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.010
J 04
Heavy mechanical general technical specification -
Part 5: Nonferrous metal casting
ISSUED ON: MARCH 25, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Technical requirements ... 6 
4 Test method ... 13 
5 Inspection rules ... 13 
6 Markings, quality certificates and packaging ... 15 
Heavy mechanical general technical specification -
Part 5: Nonferrous metal casting
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 37400 specifies the technical requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, marks, quality certificates and packaging of nonferrous metal
castings.
This part applies to copper and copper alloy castings, aluminum alloy castings,
zinc alloy castings produced by sand, metal, and centrifugal casting methods
for heavy machinery. Other nonferrous metal castings can also be used by
reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 1173-2013 Casting aluminum alloy
GB/T 1175-1997 Casting zinc alloy
GB/T 1176-2013 Casting copper and copper alloys
GB/T 5678 Sampling methods of spectrochemical analysis for cast alloys
GB/T 6060.1 Surface roughness comparison specimen - Part 1: Casting
surface
GB/T 6414 Castings - Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances
and machining allowances
GB/T 37400.13 Heavy mechanical general technical specification - Part 13:
Packaging
3.7.8 If the casting must be inspected for internal defects, it shall be clearly
specified in the drawing or order agreement.
3.7.9 For castings that require airtightness or contain liquids, the airtightness or
permeability test shall be carried out according to the drawings or order
agreement.
3.7.10 If there are other requirements on the casting surface, it shall be clearly
specified in the drawing or order agreement.
3.8 Repair of defects
3.8.1 If the defect is in the following situations, it shall not be repaired:
a) Pressure-bearing or sealing parts in contact with flammable, explosive or
highly toxic substances;
b) Locations subject to high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion;
c) Threaded parts, the main load-bearing parts of heavy loads;
d) Cold partitions on castings and severe defects such as sand holes, blisters,
slag holes, shrinkage and slag inclusions.
3.8.2 Except for the conditions specified in 3.8.1, if welding repairs are required
and can be performed on castings, it needs to be weld-repaired or repaired by
other feasible methods. The defects can be removed by grinding; the size of
the casting after grinding shall meet the requirements of the dimensional
tolerance of the casting.
3.8.3 When performing welding repair, the surface shall be carefully cleaned
and the welding process shall be worked out. The welding-repair area shall be
free from defects such as cracks, lack of penetration, lack of welding. The
castings shall be welded in the as-cast state. For the castings that need to be
welded after heat treatment, the heat treatment shall be performed in the
original state after welding. For the heat-treated castings, it shall re-inspect the
performance of single-cast or attached casting samples.
3.8.4 If the casting is deformed, it can be corrected. After correction, it shall
check its geometry and the presence of cracks.
3.8.5 When the repaired parts of castings have requirements for water pressure
and airtightness, relevant tests shall be carried out at 1.2 times the specified
test pressure after repair.
for inspection.
5.2.3 When the same alloy in different smelting furnaces is poured into a casting,
if it meets the requirements of 5.2.2, it can be regarded as a batch for inspection.
Otherwise, the mechanical properties of the single-cast samples shall be
checked for each melting furnace.
5.3 Specimens
5.3.1 The shape and size of single-cast samples of copper and copper alloy
castings shall comply with the provisions in Appendix A of GB/T 1176-2013.
5.3.2 The shape and size of single-cast samples of aluminum alloy castings
shall comply with the provisions in Appendix B of GB/T 1173-2013.
5.3.3 The shape and size of single-cast samples of zinc alloy castings shall
comply with the provisions of 4.4 in GB/T 1175-1997.
5.3.4 The casting mold of the single-cast sample shall use the same casting
material as the casting, meanwhile it shall be poured in the same batch as the
casting. For castings that need to be supplied after heat treatment, single-cast
samples shall be heat-treated together with the casting.
5.3.5 If the test result is unqualified due to the defect of the sample, it shall take
sample again for testing. If there is no spare sample, it can take sample from
the main sample. The cutting position and size from the main sample shall be
agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.3.6 The average value of the tensile strength of the main sample shall not be
less than 80% of the single-cast sample; the elongation shall not be less than
50% of the single-cast sample.
5.4 Number of tests, evaluation and re-inspection of test result
5.4.1 The number of tests for chemical composition and mechanical properties
is one sample per batch. If there are special requirements for the number of
tests, it shall be decided by the supplier and the buyer through consultation.
5.4.2 It requires one group (2 pcs) of samples for chemical composition. It
allows to test one piece at the first time. If one of them meets the requirements,
the batch of castings will be qualified. If the analysis results of the two samples
are both unqualified, the batch of castings is unqualified.
5.4.3 It requires one group (3 pcs) of samples for mechanical properties. It
allows to test one piece at the first time. If the determined mechanical properties
comply with requirements, this batch of castings are qualified; if it fails to meet
requirements, it may use the other two for re-testing.
GB/T 37400.5-2019
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.010
J 04
Heavy mechanical general technical specification -
Part 5: Nonferrous metal casting
ISSUED ON: MARCH 25, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Technical requirements ... 6 
4 Test method ... 13 
5 Inspection rules ... 13 
6 Markings, quality certificates and packaging ... 15 
Heavy mechanical general technical specification -
Part 5: Nonferrous metal casting
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 37400 specifies the technical requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, marks, quality certificates and packaging of nonferrous metal
castings.
This part applies to copper and copper alloy castings, aluminum alloy castings,
zinc alloy castings produced by sand, metal, and centrifugal casting methods
for heavy machinery. Other nonferrous metal castings can also be used by
reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature
GB/T 231.1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
GB/T 1173-2013 Casting aluminum alloy
GB/T 1175-1997 Casting zinc alloy
GB/T 1176-2013 Casting copper and copper alloys
GB/T 5678 Sampling methods of spectrochemical analysis for cast alloys
GB/T 6060.1 Surface roughness comparison specimen - Part 1: Casting
surface
GB/T 6414 Castings - Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances
and machining allowances
GB/T 37400.13 Heavy mechanical general technical specification - Part 13:
Packaging
3.7.8 If the casting must be inspected for internal defects, it shall be clearly
specified in the drawing or order agreement.
3.7.9 For castings that require airtightness or contain liquids, the airtightness or
permeability test shall be carried out according to the drawings or order
agreement.
3.7.10 If there are other requirements on the casting surface, it shall be clearly
specified in the drawing or order agreement.
3.8 Repair of defects
3.8.1 If the defect is in the following situations, it shall not be repaired:
a) Pressure-bearing or sealing parts in contact with flammable, explosive or
highly toxic substances;
b) Locations subject to high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion;
c) Threaded parts, the main load-bearing parts of heavy loads;
d) Cold partitions on castings and severe defects such as sand holes, blisters,
slag holes, shrinkage and slag inclusions.
3.8.2 Except for the conditions specified in 3.8.1, if welding repairs are required
and can be performed on castings, it needs to be weld-repaired or repaired by
other feasible methods. The defects can be removed by grinding; the size of
the casting after grinding shall meet the requirements of the dimensional
tolerance of the casting.
3.8.3 When performing welding repair, the surface shall be carefully cleaned
and the welding process shall be worked out. The welding-repair area shall be
free from defects such as cracks, lack of penetration, lack of welding. The
castings shall be welded in the as-cast state. For the castings that need to be
welded after heat treatment, the heat treatment shall be performed in the
original state after welding. For the heat-treated castings, it shall re-inspect the
performance of single-cast or attached casting samples.
3.8.4 If the casting is deformed, it can be corrected. After correction, it shall
check its geometry and the presence of cracks.
3.8.5 When the repaired parts of castings have requirements for water pressure
and airtightness, relevant tests shall be carried out at 1.2 times the specified
test pressure after repair.
for inspection.
5.2.3 When the same alloy in different smelting furnaces is poured into a casting,
if it meets the requirements of 5.2.2, it can be regarded as a batch for inspection.
Otherwise, the mechanical properties of the single-cast samples shall be
checked for each melting furnace.
5.3 Specimens
5.3.1 The shape and size of single-cast samples of copper and copper alloy
castings shall comply with the provisions in Appendix A of GB/T 1176-2013.
5.3.2 The shape and size of single-cast samples of aluminum alloy castings
shall comply with the provisions in Appendix B of GB/T 1173-2013.
5.3.3 The shape and size of single-cast samples of zinc alloy castings shall
comply with the provisions of 4.4 in GB/T 1175-1997.
5.3.4 The casting mold of the single-cast sample shall use the same casting
material as the casting, meanwhile it shall be poured in the same batch as the
casting. For castings that need to be supplied after heat treatment, single-cast
samples shall be heat-treated together with the casting.
5.3.5 If the test result is unqualified due to the defect of the sample, it shall take
sample again for testing. If there is no spare sample, it can take sample from
the main sample. The cutting position and size from the main sample shall be
agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.3.6 The average value of the tensile strength of the main sample shall not be
less than 80% of the single-cast sample; the elongation shall not be less than
50% of the single-cast sample.
5.4 Number of tests, evaluation and re-inspection of test result
5.4.1 The number of tests for chemical composition and mechanical properties
is one sample per batch. If there are special requirements for the number of
tests, it shall be decided by the supplier and the buyer through consultation.
5.4.2 It requires one group (2 pcs) of samples for chemical composition. It
allows to test one piece at the first time. If one of them meets the requirements,
the batch of castings will be qualified. If the analysis results of the two samples
are both unqualified, the batch of castings is unqualified.
5.4.3 It requires one group (3 pcs) of samples for mechanical properties. It
allows to test one piece at the first time. If the determined mechanical properties
comply with requirements, this batch of castings are qualified; if it fails to meet
requirements, it may use the other two for re-testing.