GB/T 36972-2018 English PDF (GB/T36972-2018)

GB/T 36972-2018: Lithium-ion battery for electric bicycle
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GB/T 36972-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.140
Y 14
Lithium-ion battery for electric bicycle
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Symbols and type designation ... 5
5 Requirements ... 5
6 Test methods ... 9
7 Inspection rules ... 18
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage ... 22
Lithium-ion battery for electric bicycle
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, symbols and type designation,
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, as well as marking, packaging,
transportation and storage of lithium-ion battery for electric bicycle.
This Standard applies to lithium-ion battery pack for electric bicycle (hereinafter
referred to as battery pack).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191, Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 2828.1-2012, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1:
Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection
GB/T 2829-2002, Sampling procedures and tables for periodic inspection by
attributes (apply to inspection of process stability)
GB/T 5169.16-2017, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part
16: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 17626.2-2006, Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement
techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB/T 36945-2018, Vocabulary of lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycle
GB/T 36943-2018, Designation and marking requirements of lithium-ion batteries
for electric bicycle
QB/T 4428, Specification and dimension of Lithium-ion batteries for electric bicycle
Carry out the cycle life test according to the method specified in 6.2.7, where the cycle
life of the battery pack shall not be less than 600 times.
5.2.8 Internal resistance
Carry out the internal resistance test according to the method specified in 6.2.8, where
the internal resistance of the battery pack shall not be greater than the manufacturer’s
specification.
5.3 Safety requirements
5.3.1 General
The safety requirements of the battery pack simulate the safety and reliability
requirements of the battery pack in the cases of overcharge, over discharge and external
short circuit when its electrical protective device fails, and simulate the safety and
reliability requirements of the battery pack under unforeseeable mechanical accidents.
5.3.2 Overcharge
When the overcharge test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.2, the
battery pack shall not catch fire or explode.
5.3.3 Forced discharge
When the forced discharge test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.3,
the battery pack shall not catch fire or explode.
5.3.4 External short circuit
When the external short-circuit test is carried out according to the method specified in
6.3.4, the battery pack shall not catch fire or explode.
5.3.5 Squeeze
When the squeeze test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.5, the
battery pack shall not catch fire or explode.
5.3.6 Mechanical impact
When the mechanical impact test is carried out according to the method specified in
6.3.6, the battery pack shall not catch fire, explode or leak.
5.3.7 Vibration
When the vibration test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.7, the
battery pack shall not leak, catch fire or explode, and the discharge capacity shall not
be lower than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.3.8 Free fall
After the free fall test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.8, the
battery pack shall not catch fire or explode.
5.3.9 Low air pressure
When the low pressure test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.9, the
battery pack shall not leak, catch fire or explode.
5.3.10 High and low temperature impact
When the high and low temperature impact test is carried out according to the method
specified in 6.3.10, the battery pack shall not leak, catch fire or explode.
5.3.11 Soaking
After the soaking test is carried out according to the method specified in 6.3.11, the
battery pack shall not leak, rupture, catch fire or explode.
5.4 Requirements for protection capability
5.4.1 General
The battery pack shall have the protection capability under abnormal working or
abnormal use conditions.
5.4.2 Overcharge protection
When the overcharge protection test is carried out according to the method specified in
6.4.2, the battery pack shall work normally without leakage, fire or explosion.
5.4.3 Over discharge protection
Carry out the over-discharge protection test according to the method specified in 6.4.3,
where the battery pack shall work normally without leakage, fire or explosion.
5.4.4 Short circuit protection
When the short-circuit protection test is carried out according to the method specified
in 6.4.4, the battery pack shall work normally without leakage, fire or explosion; after
instantaneous charging, the voltage of the battery pack shall not be less than the nominal
voltage.
5.4.5 Discharge overcurrent protection
When the discharge overcurrent protection test is carried out according to the method
specified in 6.4.5, the battery pack shall not leak, catch fire or explode; after recovery,
the battery pack shall work normally.
6.1.1 Environmental requirements
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following environment:
-- temperature: 20 °C ± 5 °C;
-- relative humidity: up to 85%;
-- atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.2 Requirements for measuring instruments and equipment
The accuracy of measuring instruments and equipment shall meet the following
requirements:
a) The accuracy of instruments for measuring voltage, current and temperature shall
not be less than ±0.5%;
b) The accuracy of instruments for measuring time shall not be less than ±0.1%;
c) The accuracy of weighing instruments shall not be less than ±0.5%;
d) The division value of the measuring tool for measuring external dimensions shall
not be greater than 1 mm;
e) The current of the constant flow source shall be adjustable, and the current change
shall be within ±0.5% during constant current charging or discharging;
f) The voltage of the constant flow source shall be adjustable, and the voltage
variation shall be within ±0.5% during the constant voltage charging process.
6.2 Electrical performance test
6.2.1 I2 (A) discharge
6.2.1.1 Charge
If the enterprise does not provide a charging method, the battery pack shall be charged
using the following methods.
Before charging, discharge the battery pack to the cut-off voltage at a constant current
of I2 (A). In an environment where the temperature is 23 °C ± 2 °C, charge at 0.4I2 (A).
When the terminal voltage of the battery pack reaches the limited charging voltage,
change to constant voltage charging until the charging current is less than or equal to
0.04I2 (A), and stop changing before 8 hours.
6.2.1.2 Discharge
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, leave the battery pack – which
has been charged according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1 – for 0.5 h ~ 1 h; then,
discharge to the cut-off voltage at a constant current of I2 (A); record the discharge time;
calculate the discharge capacity. Repeat the above test 3 times; calculate the average
value of the 3 test results as the initial capacity Ca.
6.2.2 2I2 (A) discharge
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, leave the battery pack – which
has been charged according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1 – for 0.5 h ~ 1 h; then,
discharge to the cut-off voltage at a constant current of 2I2 (A); record the discharge
time; calculate the discharge capacity.
6.2.3 Low temperature discharge
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, after the battery pack is charged
according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, place it in a low-temperature box with a
temperature of -20 °C ± 2 °C for 16 hours at a constant temperature; then, in this
temperature environment, discharge at a constant current of 2I2 (A) to the cut-off
voltage; record the discharge time; calculate the discharge capacity.
6.2.4 High temperature discharge
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, after the battery pack is charged
according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, place it in a high-temperature box with a
temperature of 55 °C ± 2 °C for 5 hours at a constant temperature; then, in this
temperature environment, discharge at a constant current of 2I2 (A) to the cut-off
voltage; record the discharge time; calculate the discharge capacity.
6.2.5 Charge retention capability and charge recovery capability
6.2.5.1 Charge retention capability
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, after the battery pack is charged
according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, place it in an environment with a
temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for 28 days in an open circuit; then, in an environment with
a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, discharge at a constant current of I2 (A) to the cut-off
voltage; record the discharge time; calculate the discharge capacity.
6.2.5.2 Charge recovery capability
In an environment with a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, charge the battery pack – that
has been subjected to the charge retention test – according to the method specified in
6.2.1.1. After charging, place it for 0.5 h ~ 1 h; then, in this temperature environment,
discharge at a constant current to the cut-off voltage; record the discharge time;
calculate the discharge capacity.
Ua – AC voltage effective value, in volts (V);
Ia – AC current effective value, in amperes (A).
Note: An alternating current with a peak voltage lower than 20 mV should be chosen.
6.3 Safety test
6.3.1 Test requirements
The safety test shall be carried out in an environment with forced ventilation and
explosion-proof measures. During the tests of 6.3.2, 6.3.3, and 6.3.4, the battery pack
shall have its protective device removed. Before the safety test, all battery packs shall
be charged according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, and shall be left for 0.5 h ~ 1
h after charging, and tested within 24 h.
6.3.2 Overcharge
After preparation according to the method specified in 6.3.1, the battery pack shall be
charged for 90 minutes with a constant current stabilized voltage source with I2 (A)
constant current and limited voltage n×5 V (n is the number of series of single cells or
parallel blocks of single cells in the battery pack), and then put aside for 6 hours, and
visually inspected for the appearance. Stop charging and end the test when the battery
pack explodes or catches fire during charging.
6.3.3 Forced discharge
After preparing according to the method specified in 6.3.1, discharge any battery cell
in the battery pack to the cut-off voltage, and keep the remaining battery cells fully
charged; then, discharge the battery pack at a constant current of 2I2 (A) for 60 min;
visually inspect the appearance of the battery pack.
6.3.4 External short circuit
After preparing according to the method specified in 6.3.1, use an external circuit with
a resistance of 80 mΩ ± 20 mΩ to short-circuit the positive and negative poles of the
battery pack, until the voltage of the battery pack is less than 0.2 V; inspect the
appearance of the battery pack visually.
6.3.5 Squeeze
After preparing according to the method specified in 6.3.1, place the battery pack in the
middle of a flat plate on one side and a special-shaped plate on the other side. The
indenter of the special-shaped plate is perpendicular to the direction of the cell
arrangement in the battery pack (as shown in Figure 1). The radius of the semi-
cylindrical extrusion head of the special-shaped plate is 75 mm, and the length of the
semi-cylindrical body is greater than the size of the extruded battery, but not greater
than 1 m.
low temperature impact cycles, place it in an environment with a temperature of 20 °C
± 5 °C for 7 days; visually inspect for observation.
6.3.11 Soaking
After preparing according to the method specified in 6.3.1, immerse the battery pack in
a water tank at a temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C (based on the top end of the battery pack
submerged in water) for 24 hours; then, take out the battery pack and place it in an
environment that meets the requirements of 6.1 for 4 h; visually inspect the appearance
of the battery pack.
6.4 Safety protection capability test
6.4.1 Test requirements
Safety protection capability testers shall operate under the condition where there are
safety protection facilities, and the battery pack shall be equipped with safety protection
devices.
6.4.2 Overcharge protection
After the battery pack is charged according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, connect
it to the DC power supply for charging. Set the test voltage to 1.5 times the nominal
voltage of the battery pack under test; set the current to 2I2 (A); charge continuously
for 24 hours; visually inspect the appearance of the battery pack.
6.4.3 Over discharge protection
After charging the battery pack according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, discharge
it at I2 (A) to the cut-off voltage; then, continue to discharge at a constant current of
0.2I2 (A) for 24 h; visually inspect the appearance of the battery pack.
6.4.4 Short circuit protection
After the battery pack is charged according to the method specified in 6.2.1.1, use an
80 mΩ ± 20 mΩ external circuit to short-circuit the positive and neg...