GB/T 36164-2018 English PDF (GBT36164-2018)

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GB/T 36164-2018: High alloy steel -- Determination of multi-element contents -- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (routine method)
GB/T 36164-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.080.20
H 11
High alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents
- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (routine method)
(ISO 17054.2010, Routine method for analysis of high-alloy steel by
x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) by using a near-by technique, MOD)
ISSUED ON. MAY 14, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 1, 2019
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Principles ... 7 
4 Reagents ... 7 
5 Instruments ... 8 
6 Safety precautions ... 9 
7 Sampling ... 9 
8 Sample preparation ... 9 
9 Analytical procedures ... 10 
10 Calibration ... 10 
11 Standardization ... 11 
12 Statistical process control (SPC) parameters ... 11 
13 “Near-by technique” method ... 12 
14 Test report ... 13 
Appendix A (Normative) Precision ... 14 
Foreword
This Standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard uses redraft law to use by modification ISO 17054.2010 “Routine
method for analysis of high-alloy steel by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)
by using a near-by technique”.
The technical differences between this Standard and ISO 17054.2010 are as
follows.
- DELETE the contents and formulas related to accuracy and uncertainty
after Table A.12 in Appendix A;
- DELETE Appendix B.
Chinese documents which have a consistent correspondence with the
international documents normatively referenced in this Standard are as follows.
- GB 223.84-2009 Steel and iron - Determination of titanium content -
Diantipyrylmethane spectrophotometric method (ISO 10280.1991, IDT)
- GB/T 223.64-2008 Iron, Steel and Alloy - Determination of Manganese
Content - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method (ISO
10700.1994, IDT)
- GB/T 20066-2006 Steel and Iron - Sampling and Preparation of Samples
for the Determination of Chemical Composition (ISO 14284.1996, IDT)
- GB/T 223.5-2008 Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and
total silicon content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
(ISO 4929-1.1986 and ISO 4929-2.1988, MOD)
- GB/T 223.11-2008 Iron, Steel and Alloy - Determination of Chromium
Content - Visual Titration or Potentiometric Titration Method (ISO
4937.1986, MOD)
- GB/T 223.65-2012 Steel, iron and alloy - Determination of cobalt content -
Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (ISO 11652.1997, IDT)
- YB/T 4395-2014 Steel Determination of molybdenum, niobium and
tungsten contents - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometric method (all parts of ISO 13899, MOD)
This Standard was proposed by China Iron and Steel Association.
High alloy steel - Determination of multi-element contents
- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (routine method)
1 Scope
This Standard specifies a routine method for improving the analysis
performance of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, by using a “near-by
technique”.
The “near-by technique” requires at least one target sample [preferable a
certified reference material/reference sample (CRM)] of a similar composition
as the unknown sample.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of silicon, manganese,
phosphorus, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, vanadium,
titanium, and niobium contents in high alloy steel. The determination range of
each element is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 -- Content range
Keys.
The specified content range indicates that a precision test has
been performed. Those outside the range may be applicable, but
need to be validated by laboratory.
This Standard applies to the analysis of either chill-cast or wrought samples
having a diameter of at least 25 mm and with a carbon content of less than 0.3%
(SEE Note). Other elements shall have a content below 0.2%.
Elements Content range (mass fraction)
4.4 Pure ethanol.
5 Instruments
5.1 Sample preparation equipment
The grinding equipment can be a grinder, a sandpaper grinding disc, or an
abrasive belt grinder, or a milling machine, a lathe, or the like.
For the final sample preparation, USE 180-grit (0.080 mm) or finer aluminium
oxide (SEE Note) of abrasive belts or grinding wheels. Other methods (such as
turning) can also be used. However, in any case, CRM, RM, and samples shall
be prepared under the same conditions.
Note. The use of silicon carbide sandpaper and zirconia sandpaper affects the
determination of silicon and zirconium, respectively. The determination of aluminium
is often contaminated by aluminium oxide.
5.2 X-ray fluorescence analyzer
A commercially available simultaneous or sequential wavelength dispersive
spectrometer.
5.3 X-ray tube
A light tube which contains high-purity element target. It is recommended to use
rhodium target for the analysis of steel.
5.4 Analyzing crystals
To cover all the elements specified in this Standard, flat or curved crystals made
of LiF (200) and PE (for light elements, atom no. approximately < 22) are
required. Crystals made of LiF (220) and Ge or other crystals optimized for
individual elements may also be used.
5.5 Collimators
For sequential instruments, a two collimator system is necessary. a coarse
collimator for light elements (atom no. approximately < 22) and a fine collimator
for heavy elements.
5.6 Detectors
One scintillation detector for heavy elements and one gas-flow proportional
detector for light elements (atom no. approximately < 22). Sealed proportional
detectors may also be used. Whether the detector uses single mode or dual
avoid any influence from the sample preparation. When not in use, they shall
be stored in a desiccator. Before measurement, CLEAN the surface with pure
ethanol (4.4).
9 Analytical procedures
9.1 Preparation of instruments
PREPARE the instrument for operation according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Since most of the instruments are used for routine analyzes, it is
assumed that they are running, and in most cases thy also already are
calibrated for steel. If the instrument has been turned off for a long period
(several hours), ensure that the conditions have stabilized before starting the
measurements, e.g., temperature and vacuum. VERIFY the calibration status
by analyzing the SPC samples or CRMs.
9.2 Measurements
SELECT a certified reference material/reference sample (CRM) with a
composition close to the composition of the unknown sample to be measured.
The requirement for closeness in composition of the CRM shall be in
accordance with 13.2. According to the instrument user’s manual, LOAD and
MEASURE the unknown sample and the CRM. BE sure that the sample is
properly fixed in the sample cup.
To avoid effects from grinding striations, the instrument shall be equipped with
a sample spinner. If there is no such device, it shall orient the sample in such a
way that the relation between the X-ray beam and the grinding striations are
always the same from measurement to measurement.
CALCULATE the contents according to Clause 14.
10 Calibration
The calibration is done when the instrument is installed, after major repairs are
made, or as indicated by SPC data. To compensate for the instrumental day-to-
day drift, standardization or recalibration procedures are used.
If a new calibration is going to be prepared, ...