GB/T 34370.11-2020 English PDF (GBT34370.11-2020)

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GB/T 34370.11-2020: Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 11: Ultrasonic guided wave testing
GB/T 34370.11-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
Y 57
Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments -
Part 11: Ultrasonic guided wave testing
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 19, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Method summary ... 5
5 Safety requirements ... 8
6 Personnel requirements ... 8
7 Testing equipment and instruments ... 9
8 Testing process specifications ... 16
9 Testing procedures ... 18
10 Classification and processing of test results... 22
11 Test record and report ... 23
Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments -
Part 11: Ultrasonic guided wave testing
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 34370 specifies the ultrasonic guided wave testing and result
evaluation methods for amusement equipment.
This Part is applicable to the ultrasonic guided wave testing and result evaluation of
amusement equipment components such as metal plates (including groove steels and
square beams) with a wall thickness of 4 mm ~ 80 mm, steel pipes with a diameter of
16 mm ~ 2000 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm ~ 80 mm, steel wire ropes and cables
with a diameter of 12 mm ~ 185 mm, and pull rods with a diameter of 16 mm ~ 80 mm.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 12604.4, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in acoustic
emission testing
GB/T 20306, Amusement devices terminology
GB/T 20737, Non-destructive testing - General terms and definitions
GB/T 28704, Non-destructive testing - Test method for ultrasonic guided wave
testing based on magnetostrictive effects
GB/T 31211, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic guided wave testing - General
principle
GB/T 34370.1, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 1: General
requirement
GB/T 34370.3, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 3:
Magnetic particle testing
GB/T 34370.4, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 4:
Penetrant testing
GB/T 34370.5, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 5:
Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 34370.6, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 6:
Radiographic testing
GB/T 34370.7, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 7: Eddy
current testing
GB/T 34370.9, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 9:
Magnetic flux leakage testing
GB/T 34370.10, Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 10:
Magnetic memory testing
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 12604.4, GB/T 20306, GB/T 20737, GB/T
28704 and GB/T 31211 are applicable to this document.
4 Method summary
4.1 Ultrasonic guided wave testing principle
According to the characteristics of the tested component, use a certain method to excite
ultrasonic guided waves that propagate along the component. When the guided wave
encounters a defect, it generates a reflected echo. Receive the echo signal by a receiving
sensor. By analyzing the echo signal characteristics and propagation time, the defect
location and size can be determined.
Test method for ultrasonic guided wave testing based on magnetostrictive effects is a
method of testing components by using the ultrasonic guided waves generated in the
components by magnetostrictive effects.
Test method for piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave testing is a method of testing
components by using ultrasonic guided waves generated in the components by
piezoelectric effects.
4.2 Ultrasonic guided wave testing method for plates
Ultrasonic guided wave testing of plates is generally performed using SH waves or
Lamb waves. Ultrasonic guided waves in SH mode are generally excited by thin-film
magnetostrictive transducers, and Lamb waves are generally excited by piezoelectric
ultrasonic guided wave transducers. The testing principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic
guided waves for plates is shown in Figure 1, and the testing principle of
magnetostrictive ultrasonic guided waves for plates is shown in Figure 2. The ultrasonic
testing method should be A-scan or B-scan; if necessary, a combination of the
above methods can be used for testing;
d) For pipe fittings with a nominal diameter greater than DN800, the T (n,1) mode
should be used and the ultrasonic guided wave B-scan testing method should be
used.
7.2.3.3 Rod, cable and rope components to be tested
In the low-frequency region, the bending mode guided wave dispersion is serious and
is not suitable as a testing mode; the longitudinal mode and torsional mode dispersion
are small and are suitable as testing modes.
The torsional mode is not suitable as the testing mode of this type of component. The
axial vibration displacement of the longitudinal mode guided wave is much larger than
the radial vibration displacement, and is evenly distributed in the cross section of the
component, so it is suitable as a testing mode.
For rods, cables, ropes and other tested components that cannot be equipped with
transducers on the end faces, magnetostrictive transducers (direct method) should be
used for guided wave testing. For metal rope-type multi-filament components with a
diameter of more than 12 mm and a length of 1 000 m ~ 2 000 m, such components are
often used as support and traction structures. The two end faces of the components are
generally inaccessible, and the anchoring areas at both ends can be focused on; the
middle area can be tested by multiple moving segmented testing methods. For pull rods
with a diameter greater than 16 mm and a length greater than 10 m, the transducer
arrangement scheme is the same as that of rope components, and the longitudinal mode
should be selected for testing.
For tested components with a length of less than 1 m, such as rods, shafts, pins, bolts,
anchor bolts, etc., whose end faces can be installed with transducers, a piezoelectric
transducer should be used first to excite the end face of the tested component, and the
testing mode is generally the longitudinal wave mode.
7.3 Ultrasonic guided wave sensor
7.3.1 Classification of sensors
According to different contact methods, working principles of generating ultrasonic
waves, guided wave modes of exciting and receiving sensors, and detection methods,
sensors are classified as follows:
a) According to the contact mode between the sensor and the tested component, it
can be divided into dry coupling sensor, bonding sensor and non-contact sensor,
among which dry coupling sensor and bonding sensor are collectively referred
to as contact sensor;
b) According to the working principle of the sensor generating ultrasonic waves, it
can be divided into piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, electromagnetic ultrasonic
and laser ultrasonic;
c) According to the guided wave modes of sensor excitation and reception, it can
be divided into longitudinal guided wave sensors, torsional guided wave sensors,
bending guided wave sensors, and composite guided wave sensors;
d) According to the testing method, it can be divided into A-scan sensor and B-scan