GB/T 32027-2015 English PDF (GB/T32027-2015)

GB/T 32027-2015: Footwear -- Resistance to crack initiation and growth -- Belt flex method
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GB/T 32027-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 61.060
Y 78
GB/T 32027-2015 / ISO 16177.2012
Footwear — Resistance to crack initiation and
growth — Belt flex method
(ISO 16177.2012, IDT)
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2016
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Apparatus and materials ... 4
3 Principle ... 5
4 Preparation of test specimens ... 6
5 Procedure ... 7
6 Test report ... 11
Footwear — Resistance to crack initiation and growth
— Belt flex method
1 Scope
This Standard specifies a test method for determining the resistance of a component
or material to crack initiation and growth due to repeated flexing. The method is mainly
applicable to outsoles of footwear but may also be used with certain other flexible
components.
2 Apparatus and materials
2.1 Flexing machine.
2.1.1 Free wheeling, slightly crowned flexing roller, with a width of (170 ± 20) mm and
— for high performance soles, diameter at its centre (60.0 ± 0.5) mm, diameter at
its ends (57 ± 1) mm;
NOTE. This roller will normally only be used for footwear which is expected to be subjected
to abnormally high flexing demands.
— for typical sole units, diameter at its centre (90.0 ± 0.5) mm, diameter at its ends
(87 ± 1) mm;
— for soles with a thickness greater than 15 mm, diameter at its centre (120.0 ±
0.5) mm, diameter at its ends (117 ± 1) mm.
2.1.2 Driven, slightly crowned roller, with a diameter of (225 ± 5) mm and a width of
(170 ± 20) mm.
2.1.3 Flexible continuous belt of cotton canvas of length (1930 ± 50) mm and width
(140 ± 5) mm which passes over the two rollers (2.1.1) and (2.1.2). The cotton canvas
is 2-ply 100 % cotton belting having a mass per unit area of (500 ± 25) g/m2 and an
extension at break along the belt of (14 ± 2) % at a breaking force of (2000 ± 200) N.
The corresponding across-the-belt values are (14 ± 2) % and (750 ± 50) N.
2.1.4 Means of driving the larger roller (2.1.2) at a speed of (247 ± 20) r/min so that
the belt (2.1.3) completes (90 ± 8) flexing cycles per minute.
4.3.4 Mark a line between the point at the heel and the point at the toe, XY in Figure 1.
4.4 Cut off the heel and part of the waist portion so as to leave 10 mm to 20 mm length
of the waist on the forepart (see Figure 1).
4.5 If the edge of the forepart on the reverse side is cupped or includes any form of
rand or imitation welt, scour this off until this surface is flat. Do not remove ribs in the
central section of the outsole on the reverse side.
4.6 For outsoles which are thicker than 15 mm, reduce the thickness to 15 mm before
preparation in order to ensure reasonable flexibility. In such cases, it will be necessary
to use the 120 mm diameter flexing roller (2.1.1). Outsoles containing a metal insert
are also tested using the 120 mm roller.
NOTE. To help prevent thick soles peeling from the belt during the test, it is acceptable to taper
the thickness at the extreme ends of the specimen (toe and waist) by scouring material away
from the outside surface for a length of not more than 25 mm from each end, which will alleviate
the flexing stress on the bond.
4.7 Prepare the reverse side of the forepart for bonding as follows.
4.7.1 Cellular polyurethane outsoles. lightly scour the whole of the surface.
4.7.2 Vulcanized and microcellular rubber. lightly scour the whole of the surface, then
scrub it with a halogenation primer for rubber (2.7) using a stiff brush. Leave to dry for
between 15 min and 8 h before applying any adhesive.
4.7.3 Thermoplastic rubber. lightly coat the whole of the reverse surface with a
halogenation primer for rubber (2.7) using a soft brush. Leave to dry for between 30
min and 8 h before applying any adhesive.
4.7.4 Microcellular EVA. lightly scour the whole of the reverse surface, then coat it with
an EVA primer (2.7) using a soft brush. Leave to dry for between 30 min and 8 h before
applying any adhesive.
4.7.5 PVC and solid (thermoplastic) PU. wipe the whole of the reverse surface with
butan-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK). Leave to dry for between 15 min and 1 h
before applying any adhesive.
5 Procedure
5.1 In order to prepare the belt for test, proceed as follows.
5.1.1 Cut a strip of cotton canvas fabric (140 ± 5) mm × (2000 ± 20) mm, and mark its
centre on both sides.
Key.
1 - Adhesive applied to the same surface as line AB;
2 - Adhesive applied to the same surface as line XY.
NOTE. AB and XY are on opposite surfaces.
Figure 3 Diagram for placing the specimens on the belt
5.3 Mark the perimeter of each test specimen on the belt.
5.4 Apply the pre-reacted adhesive (2.2.1) to the surface of the belt over.
— the whole area of each of the marked specimen positions;
— the area between the lines (5.1.2) and the ends of the belt (on opposite surfaces
at one end to the other).
5.5 Apply a coat of the PU adhesive (2.2.2) to.
— the prepared surface of each test specimen;
— the areas of the belt coated as described in 5.4;
— leave to dry for about 15 min.
5.6 Use the heater (2.5) to heat the adhesive on one of the test specimens to a
temperature of between 80 °C and 85 °C, as indicated by the crayon (2.6). At the same
time, heat the corresponding area of the belt to be bonded to the same temperature.
5.7 Immediately position the test specimen on the corresponding warmed area of the
belt so that the specimen is aligned with its previously drawn outline (5.3). Apply
enough pressure by hand to bond the specimen to the belt.
NOTE. This can be achieved by turning the belt over and applying localized pressure to the
back of the belt by rubbing into the inside surface of the sole. A hand tool with a smooth-faced
surface can aid this process.
5.8 Repeat the procedure described in 5.6 to 5.7 for any remaining test specimens.
5.9 Fold the belt so that the two ends are together and use the heater (2.5) to
simultaneously heat the adhesive on both ends of the belt to a temperature of between
80 °C and 85 °C, as indicated by the crayon (2.6).
5.10 Apply enough pressure by hand to bond the belt together and complete the
bonding by applying localized pressure.
NOTE. Rubbing using a hand tool with a smooth-faced surface can aid this process.
GB/T 32027-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 61.060
Y 78
GB/T 32027-2015 / ISO 16177.2012
Footwear — Resistance to crack initiation and
growth — Belt flex method
(ISO 16177.2012, IDT)
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2016
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Apparatus and materials ... 4
3 Principle ... 5
4 Preparation of test specimens ... 6
5 Procedure ... 7
6 Test report ... 11
Footwear — Resistance to crack initiation and growth
— Belt flex method
1 Scope
This Standard specifies a test method for determining the resistance of a component
or material to crack initiation and growth due to repeated flexing. The method is mainly
applicable to outsoles of footwear but may also be used with certain other flexible
components.
2 Apparatus and materials
2.1 Flexing machine.
2.1.1 Free wheeling, slightly crowned flexing roller, with a width of (170 ± 20) mm and
— for high performance soles, diameter at its centre (60.0 ± 0.5) mm, diameter at
its ends (57 ± 1) mm;
NOTE. This roller will normally only be used for footwear which is expected to be subjected
to abnormally high flexing demands.
— for typical sole units, diameter at its centre (90.0 ± 0.5) mm, diameter at its ends
(87 ± 1) mm;
— for soles with a thickness greater than 15 mm, diameter at its centre (120.0 ±
0.5) mm, diameter at its ends (117 ± 1) mm.
2.1.2 Driven, slightly crowned roller, with a diameter of (225 ± 5) mm and a width of
(170 ± 20) mm.
2.1.3 Flexible continuous belt of cotton canvas of length (1930 ± 50) mm and width
(140 ± 5) mm which passes over the two rollers (2.1.1) and (2.1.2). The cotton canvas
is 2-ply 100 % cotton belting having a mass per unit area of (500 ± 25) g/m2 and an
extension at break along the belt of (14 ± 2) % at a breaking force of (2000 ± 200) N.
The corresponding across-the-belt values are (14 ± 2) % and (750 ± 50) N.
2.1.4 Means of driving the larger roller (2.1.2) at a speed of (247 ± 20) r/min so that
the belt (2.1.3) completes (90 ± 8) flexing cycles per minute.
4.3.4 Mark a line between the point at the heel and the point at the toe, XY in Figure 1.
4.4 Cut off the heel and part of the waist portion so as to leave 10 mm to 20 mm length
of the waist on the forepart (see Figure 1).
4.5 If the edge of the forepart on the reverse side is cupped or includes any form of
rand or imitation welt, scour this off until this surface is flat. Do not remove ribs in the
central section of the outsole on the reverse side.
4.6 For outsoles which are thicker than 15 mm, reduce the thickness to 15 mm before
preparation in order to ensure reasonable flexibility. In such cases, it will be necessary
to use the 120 mm diameter flexing roller (2.1.1). Outsoles containing a metal insert
are also tested using the 120 mm roller.
NOTE. To help prevent thick soles peeling from the belt during the test, it is acceptable to taper
the thickness at the extreme ends of the specimen (toe and waist) by scouring material away
from the outside surface for a length of not more than 25 mm from each end, which will alleviate
the flexing stress on the bond.
4.7 Prepare the reverse side of the forepart for bonding as follows.
4.7.1 Cellular polyurethane outsoles. lightly scour the whole of the surface.
4.7.2 Vulcanized and microcellular rubber. lightly scour the whole of the surface, then
scrub it with a halogenation primer for rubber (2.7) using a stiff brush. Leave to dry for
between 15 min and 8 h before applying any adhesive.
4.7.3 Thermoplastic rubber. lightly coat the whole of the reverse surface with a
halogenation primer for rubber (2.7) using a soft brush. Leave to dry for between 30
min and 8 h before applying any adhesive.
4.7.4 Microcellular EVA. lightly scour the whole of the reverse surface, then coat it with
an EVA primer (2.7) using a soft brush. Leave to dry for between 30 min and 8 h before
applying any adhesive.
4.7.5 PVC and solid (thermoplastic) PU. wipe the whole of the reverse surface with
butan-2-one (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK). Leave to dry for between 15 min and 1 h
before applying any adhesive.
5 Procedure
5.1 In order to prepare the belt for test, proceed as follows.
5.1.1 Cut a strip of cotton canvas fabric (140 ± 5) mm × (2000 ± 20) mm, and mark its
centre on both sides.
Key.
1 - Adhesive applied to the same surface as line AB;
2 - Adhesive applied to the same surface as line XY.
NOTE. AB and XY are on opposite surfaces.
Figure 3 Diagram for placing the specimens on the belt
5.3 Mark the perimeter of each test specimen on the belt.
5.4 Apply the pre-reacted adhesive (2.2.1) to the surface of the belt over.
— the whole area of each of the marked specimen positions;
— the area between the lines (5.1.2) and the ends of the belt (on opposite surfaces
at one end to the other).
5.5 Apply a coat of the PU adhesive (2.2.2) to.
— the prepared surface of each test specimen;
— the areas of the belt coated as described in 5.4;
— leave to dry for about 15 min.
5.6 Use the heater (2.5) to heat the adhesive on one of the test specimens to a
temperature of between 80 °C and 85 °C, as indicated by the crayon (2.6). At the same
time, heat the corresponding area of the belt to be bonded to the same temperature.
5.7 Immediately position the test specimen on the corresponding warmed area of the
belt so that the specimen is aligned with its previously drawn outline (5.3). Apply
enough pressure by hand to bond the specimen to the belt.
NOTE. This can be achieved by turning the belt over and applying localized pressure to the
back of the belt by rubbing into the inside surface of the sole. A hand tool with a smooth-faced
surface can aid this process.
5.8 Repeat the procedure described in 5.6 to 5.7 for any remaining test specimens.
5.9 Fold the belt so that the two ends are together and use the heater (2.5) to
simultaneously heat the adhesive on both ends of the belt to a temperature of between
80 °C and 85 °C, as indicated by the crayon (2.6).
5.10 Apply enough pressure by hand to bond the belt together and complete the
bonding by applying localized pressure.
NOTE. Rubbing using a hand tool with a smooth-faced surface can aid this process.