GB/T 29551-2023 English PDF (GB/T29551-2023)

GB/T 29551-2023: Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
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GB/T 29551-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 81.040.20
CCS Q 33
Replacing GB/T 29551-2013
Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Materials ... 8
4.1 Glass ... 8
4.2 Photovoltaic cells ... 8
4.3 Intermediate layer ... 8
4.4 Busbar ... 8
4.5 Insulating tape ... 8
4.6 Termination ... 9
4.7 Edge sealing agent ... 9
5 Technical requirements ... 9
5.1 General... 9
5.2 Appearance quality ... 10
5.3 Dimensional tolerance ... 15
5.4 Curvature... 16
5.5 Insulation... 16
5.6 Wet leakage current ... 17
5.7 Outdoor exposure performance ... 17
5.8 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance ... 17
5.9 Heat cycle resistance ... 17
5.10 Humidity and frost resistance ... 17
5.11 Damp heat resistance ... 17
5.12 Bypass diode performance ... 17
5.13 Hot spot durability ... 17
5.14 Termination stress performance ... 18
5.15 Static mechanical load resistance ... 18
5.16 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load resistance ... 18
5.17 Wind pressure resistance ... 18
5.18 Hail resistance ... 18
5.19 Heat resistance ... 18
5.20 Drop ball impact peeling resistance ... 18
5.21 Shotgun bag impact resistance ... 18
6 Test methods ... 19
6.1 Test process ... 19
6.2 General test ... 21
6.3 Appearance quality ... 22
6.4 Dimensional tolerance ... 22
6.5 Curvature... 22
6.6 Insulation... 23
6.7 Wet leakage current ... 23
6.8 Outdoor exposure performance ... 23
6.9 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance ... 24
6.10 Heat cycle resistance ... 24
6.11 Wet frost resistance ... 24
6.12 Damp heat resistance ... 24
6.13 Bypass diode performance ... 24
6.14 Hot spot durability ... 24
6.15 Termination stress performance ... 24
6.16 Static mechanical load resistance ... 24
6.17 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load resistance ... 24
6.18 Wind pressure resistance ... 25
6.19 Hail resistance ... 25
6.20 Heat resistance ... 25
6.21 Ball impact peeling resistance ... 25
6.22 Shotgun bag impact resistance ... 27
7 Inspection rules ... 28
7.1 Inspection classification ... 28
7.2 Group-batching and sampling ... 28
7.3 Judgment rules ... 29
8 Packaging, labeling and marking, transportation and storage ... 31
8.1 Packaging ... 31
8.2 Labels and markings ... 31
8.3 Transportation ... 32
8.4 Storage ... 32
Laminated solar photovoltaic (PV) glass in building
1 Scope
This document specifies the materials, technical requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, packaging, labeling and marking, transportation and storage of laminated solar
photovoltaic glass for buildings.
This document applies to laminated solar photovoltaic glass for building integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV).
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for reference documents with
dates, only the versions corresponding to the dates apply to this document; for reference
documents without dates, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to this
document.
GB/T 1216 External micrometer
GB/T 9056 Metal ruler
GB 11614 Flat glass
GB 15763.1 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 1: Fire-resistant glass
GB 15763.2 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 2: Tempered glass
GB 15763.3 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 3: Laminated glass
GB 15763.4 Safety glazing materials in building -- Part 4: Heat soaked thermally
tempered glass
GB/T 17841 Heat strengthened glass
GB/T 21389 Vernier, dial and digital display calipers
GB/T 34328 Light weight thermally strengthened glass
GB/T 37825 Test method for simulating wind pressure resistance of building glass
under the uniform static loads
4 Materials
4.1 Glass
The outer glass facing the sunlight can be made of flat glass with high transmittance,
tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, homogeneous tempered glass, lightweight
physical tempered glass, curved glass, fireproof glass, and anti-reflection film glass for
solar photovoltaic modules. The inner glass can be made of flat glass, tempered glass,
homogeneous tempered glass, lightweight physical tempered glass, semi-tempered
glass, glazed tempered, glazed semi-tempered glass, curved glass, fireproof glass.
Flat glass shall comply with the provisions of GB 11614; tempered glass shall comply
with the provisions of GB 15763.2; semi-tempered glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 17841; homogeneous tempered glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB 15763.4; lightweight physically strengthened glass shall comply with
the provisions of GB/T 34328; glazed tempered and glazed semi-tempered glass shall
comply with the provisions of JC/T 1006; fireproof glass shall comply with the
provisions of GB 15763.1; anti-reflection film glass for solar photovoltaic modules
shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 2170; other types of glass shall comply with
the corresponding standards or be agreed upon by both parties.
4.2 Photovoltaic cells
Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, thin-film photovoltaic cells or other types of
photovoltaic cells can be selected.
4.3 Intermediate layer
The intermediate layer can be made of films that meet the requirements for construction,
such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE) film,
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, etc.
4.4 Busbar
Metallic materials with good electrical conductivity, such as copper and aluminum, can
be used as the main material or substrate of the busbar.
4.5 Insulating tape
Polyester terephthalate (PET) or other materials with good insulation can be used as the
The specimen is considered safe when it meets the following requirements at the time
of destruction:
a) Cracks or openings are allowed during destruction, but cracks or openings that
allow a ball with a diameter of 76 mm to pass through under a force of 25 N are
not allowed;
b) When fragments are peeled off from the specimen after impact, weigh the
fragments peeled off from the specimen within 3 minutes after impact. The total
mass of the fragments shall not exceed the mass of the specimen equivalent to
100 cm2; the maximum mass of the peeled fragments shall be less than the mass
of the specimen of 44 cm2.
According to the requirements of shotgun bag impact performance, laminated solar
photovoltaic glass is divided into the following four classes:
a) Class I laminated solar photovoltaic glass: No requirements for shotgun bag
impact performance;
b) Class II-1 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 3 groups of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm, 750 mm, 1200 mm impact heights; all specimens are not damaged
and/or safely damaged;
c) Class II-2 laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 2 groups of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm and 750 mm impact heights; the specimens are not damaged and/or
safely damaged;
d) Class III laminated solar photovoltaic glass: 1 group of specimens are impacted
at 300 mm impact height, the specimens are not damaged and/or safely damaged;
the other group of specimens are impacted at 750 mm impact height, no specimen
is safely damaged.
6 Test methods
6.1 Test process
Except for the five tests of maximum power, heat resistance, wind pressure resistance,
ball drop impact peeling resistance, shotgun bag impact resistance, the test procedures
for other inspection items are shown in Figure 5. For curved laminated solar
photovoltaic glass, flat specimens with the same structure and process can be used
instead.
6.2 General test
6.2.1 General test conditions
If there is no requirement, the test shall be carried out according to the following general
test conditions:
a) Temperature: (20 ± 5) °C;
b) Air pressure: (8.60 × 104) Pa ~ (1.06 × 105) Pa;
c) Relative humidity: 40% ~ 80%.
6.2.2 Standard test conditions (STC)
Perform the following requirements of IEC 61215-2:
a) Standard test temperature: (25 ± 2) °C;
b) Light source irradiance: (1000 ± 100) W/m2;
c) Air quality index: AM1.5.
6.2.3 Maximum power determination
It is determined in accordance with MQT 02 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.4 Temperature coefficient measurement
It is measured in accordance with MQT 04 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.5 Performance under STC
It is performed in accordance with MQT 06 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.6 Performance under low irradiance
It is performed in accordance with MQT 07 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.7 Steady-state test
The steady-state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19 in IEC 61215-2,
including the initial steady-state test and the final steady-state test. The initial steady-
state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19.1 in IEC 61215-2; the final steady-
state test is carried out in accordance with MQT 19.2 in IEC 61215-2.
6.2.8 Potential induced degradation (PID) test
It is carried out in accordance with MQT 21 in IEC 61215-2.
6.3 Appearance quality
Under an illumination of not less than 1000 lx, the line of sight is perpendicular to the
glass and the observation is carried out at a distance of 1 m from the specimen. The size
of point defects and the width of line defects are measured with a reading microscope,
which has a magnification of 10 times and an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The length of line
defects and burst edges is measured with a steel ruler, that conforms to GB/T 9056 or a
measuring tool with equal or higher accuracy. Visually inspect cracks, debonding,
wrinkles, stripes, photovoltaic cells, terminations, live parts and other appearance
quality conditions.
6.4 Dimensional tolerance
6.4.1 Width, length, diagonal difference
Use a steel ruler or steel tape measure with a minimum scale of 1 mm to make
measurement.
6.4.2 Overlap difference
Use a steel ruler which has a minimum scale of 0.5 mm or a caliper that complies with
GB/T 21389, to measure along the perimeter of the glass and read the maximum overlap
difference.
6.4.3 Thickness
Use an external micrometer that complies with GB/T 1216 or a measuring tool with
equal or higher accuracy, to measure at the center of the four sides of the laminated
solar photovoltaic glass; take the average value; round off the value to two decimal
places.
6.5 Curvature
Put the laminated solar photovoltaic glass to be tested under general test conditions for
more than 4 hours. When measuring, place it vertically and place two pads at 1/4 below
its long side. Use a ruler or metal wire to press horizontally against its two sides or
diagonal direction; use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the straight line and
the glass; express the curvature of the bow as the percentage of the ratio of the arc height
to the length of the chord. When measuring the local waveform, use a ruler or metal
wire to measure along the 25 mm direction parallel to the edge of the glass; the
measuring length is 300 mm. Use a feeler gauge to measure the height of the trough or
6.18 Wind pressure resistance
It is tested in accordance with GB/T 37825.
6.19 Hail resistance
It is tested in accordance with MQT 17 in IEC 61215-2.
6.20 Heat resistance
6.20.1 Specimen
The specimen shall be made of the same material and structure as the product and
prepared under the same process conditions, or cut directly from the product, but at
least one side is part of the original side of the product.
The specimen shall be consistent with the product use conditions. If the product is used
with edge sealers on all edges, all edges of the specimen shall also be provided with
edge sealers.
The specimen size shall be no less than 300 mm × 300 mm; the number shall be 3.
6.20.2 Apparatus
The test apparatus can be an electric blast oven with a temperature control tolerance not
exceeding ±1 °C, or a device capable of heating water to boiling.
6.20.3 Test procedure
Heat the three glass specimens to °C and keep them warm for 2 h; then cool the
specimens to room temperature. If both outer surfaces of the specimen are glass, the
specimen can also be vertically immersed in hot water heated to °C for 2 h, then
removed from the water and cooled to room temperature. In order to avoid cracks in
the specimen due to thermal stress, the specimen can be preheated in warm water at (65
± 3) °C for 3 min.
Visually inspect the specimens after the test; record whether there are bubbles or other
defects.
6.21 Ball impact peeling resistance
6.21.1 Specimen
The specimen shall be made of the same material and structure as the product and
6.22 Shotgun bag impact resistance
6.22.1 Specimens
The specimens shall meet the following requirements:
a) The specimens shall be flat test pieces or products made with the same material,
structure, process as the products. Curved laminated solar photovoltaic glass shall
be replaced with flat test pieces with the same structure and process. A total of 12
specimens are required, with 4 specimens forming a group, divided into 3 groups.
Undamaged samples in the specimens are allowed to be reused;
b) The specimen specifications are (1930 ± 2) mm × (864 ± 2) mm;
c) When the specimen is an asymmetric structure and the impact surface of the
product of this structure cannot be determined during use, the shotgun bag impact
test shall be carried out on both sides; the number of test samples shall be doubled.
6.22.2 Device
The test device includes a fixed test frame, a clamping frame to keep the specimen in
the test frame during the test, an impact body with a suspension device, a release device,
a force-measuring ball device.
6.22.3 Test procedure
6.22.3.1 Before the test, the specimen shall be kept under the test conditions of 6.2.1
for at least 12 hours.
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