GB/T 28004.2-2021 English PDF (GBT28004.2-2021)

This Part of GB/T 28004 specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and labelling, packaging, transportation and storage of diapers, diaper pads and changing pads (nursing pads) for adult. This Part applies to disposable diapers, diaper pads and changing pads (nursing pads) for adult, which are made of outer covering materials, built-in absorbent layers, leak-proof bottom films, etc.

GB/T 28004.2-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 85.080
Y 39
Partially replacing GB/T 28004-2011
Disposable diapers - Part 2: Disposable diapers for adult
ISSUED ON: MARCH 09, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2022
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Product classification ... 7
5 Technical requirements ... 8
6 Test methods ... 10
7 Inspection rules ... 13
8 Labeling, packaging, transportation, storage ... 15
Annex A (normative) Determination method for permeability ... 16
Annex B (normative) Determination of pH ... 23
Annex C (normative) Determination of foreign materials ... 25
Annex D (normative) Determination of migratable fluorescent substances ... 28 Bibliography ... 30
Disposable diapers - Part 2: Disposable diapers for adult
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 28004 specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and labelling, packaging, transportation and storage of diapers, diaper pads and changing pads (nursing pads) for adult.
This Part applies to disposable diapers, diaper pads and changing pads (nursing pads) for adult, which are made of outer covering materials, built-in absorbent layers, leak- proof bottom films, etc.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 462 Paper, board and pulp - Determination of moisture content of analytical sample
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods GB/T 10739 Paper, board and pulps - Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing
GB 15979 Hygienic standard for disposable sanitary products
GB/T 21331 Fluff pulp
GB/T 22875 Super-absorbent polymer for sanitary towel and diapers
GB/T 24218.6 Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Part 6: Absorption GB/T 24292 Sanitary product - Air-laid
GB/T 33280-2016 Specification and size of disposal diapers
GB/T 34448-2017 Tissue paper and disposable products - Determination of formaldehyde
QB/T 4508 Hygienic products mount
top sheet against the light. If blue particles appear, continue spraying with 0.5 % copper sulfate solution until the blue particles are saturated, and observe their size by comparing with the standard foreign material picture (C.2.3) after 5 minutes. If the area of the blue particles on the top sheet of the specimen is greater than 5.0 mm2, start counting. The arithmetic mean of the two specimens is used as the determination result, and the result is rounded to an integer.
6.5 pH
pH is determined according to Annex B.
6.6 Foreign materials
Foreign materials are determined according to Annex C.
6.7 Formaldehyde content
Formaldehyde content is determined by high performance liquid chromatography in GB/T 34448-2017.
6.8 Migratable fluorescent substances
Migratable fluorescent substances is determined according to Annex D.
6.9 Absorption rate
TAKE a specimen, TEAR OFF the release paper, CUT OFF the wings appropriately (for pants-type diapers, it needs to cut off the elastic band at the waist), and USE a balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g to weigh its mass (mass before absorption). CLAMP one end of the specimen with a clip, make the clip jaws vertical to the longitudinal direction of the specimen, and the built-in absorbent layer shall not be clamped. IMMERSE the specimen together with the clip in (23 ± 1) °C normal saline of about 10 cm deep, with the use side of the specimen facing down. Gently PRESS the specimen, make it completely submerged for 60 s, then LIFT the clip to make the specimen completely leave the water surface, HANG it vertically for 90 s, REMOVE the clip, WEIGH the mass of the specimen after water absorption (mass after absorption), and CALCULATE the absorption amount according to formula (3). Test 5 specimens in the same way, take the average value of 5 specimens as the determination result, and the result is rounded to one decimal place.
where:
t - the absorption rate;
m1 - the mass after absorption, in grams (g);
m0 - the mass before absorption, in grams (g).
6.10 Saturated absorption amount
TAKE a specimen, USE a balance with an accuracy of 0.1 g to weigh its mass (mass before absorption), and CUT OFF the elastic band at the waist (for pants-type diapers). IMMERSE the specimen in 20.0 ℃ ~ 28.0 ℃ normal saline with a liquid depth of not less than 10 cm, with the use side of the specimen facing down. Gently PRESS the specimen while soaking to remove air. Gently PRESS the specimen to make it completely submerged for 30 minutes, then HOLD the specimen with both hands, so that the specimen is completely out of the water. PUT the specimen face down on a horizontal cross bar, with the length direction of the specimen perpendicular to the cross bar, and the diameter of the cross bar is (20 ± 3) mm. After hanging for 5 min, WEIGH the mass of the specimen after water absorption (mass after absorption), and CALCULATE the absorption amount according to formula (4). Test 5 specimens in the same way, take the average value of 5 specimens as the determination result, and the result is rounded to an integer.
where:
M - the saturated absorption amount, in grams (g);
m1 - the mass after absorption, in grams (g);
m0 - the mass before absorption, in grams (g).
6.11 Delivery moisture
Delivery moisture is determined according to GB/T 462. The sampling method is as follows: TAKE two packages of samples, TAKE 1 piece of specimen from each package of samples, CUT OFF the edge elastic band of the specimen, and TAKE 2 g of test portion from the middle of the two pieces of specimens. CUT the test portion into blocks, MIX it evenly and divide it into two groups of specimens for parallel tests. The absolute error between the two determined values shall not exceed 1.0 %. Take the arithmetic mean value to represent the determination result, and the result is rounded to one decimal place.
NOTE: When the specimen is put into the container, it shall avoid contacting the leak-proof bottom film with the container wall to prevent adhesion after high temperature. 6.12 Hygienic indicators
Hygienic indicators are determined according to GB 15979.
6.13 Maximum applicable waist circumference of diapers
8 Labeling, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Product sales label and package
8.1.1 The product sales package shall indicate the following:
a) product name (including words such as diapers for adult, diaper pads for adult, changing pads or nursing pads for adult);
b) serial number of this Standard;
c) name of main raw materials;
d) product specifications shall be marked for diapers for adult and diaper pads for adult, and the length and width dimensions shall be marked for changing pads (nursing pads) for adult;
e) applicable hip circumference shall be marked for diapers for adult;
f) applicable population (including words such as mild incontinence, moderate incontinence, severe incontinence, mild to moderate incontinence or moderate to severe incontinence) shall be marked for diapers for adult and diaper pads for adult;
g) product conformity mark;
h) other marked content shall meet the requirements of relevant national laws, regulations and standards.
8.1.2 The sales package of products shall be able to ensure that the product is not contaminated, and the various identification information on the sales package shall be clear and not easy to fade.
8.2 Product transportation and storage
8.2.1 During the transportation of products, it shall use clean tools with protective measures; it shall prevent heavy pressure, sharp object collision and exposure to sun and rain.
8.2.2 The finished products shall be stored in a dry and ventilated room free from direct sunlight; it shall prevent exposure to rain and snow and influence of ground moisture; it shall not store with polluting or toxic chemicals.
8.2.3 The shelf life of diapers for adult, diaper pads for adult and changing pads (nursing pads) for adult generally does not exceed 3 years.
Annex A
(normative)
Determination method for permeability
A.1 General
PLACE the specimen on the arc-shaped specimen base lined with absorbent paper, then PLACE the standard test liquid addition module on the surface absorption area of the specimen. Under a certain pressure of the specimen, the liquid addition device adds a certain volume of normal saline into the standard test liquid addition module, and the automatic timing device records the time from the start of adding liquid to the time when the specimen completely absorbs the normal saline. ADD liquid twice to each specimen, and express the absorption speed of the specimen with the two absorption times respectively. After the second liquid addition is completed, TAKE OUT the standard test liquid addition module, PLACE a certain number of layers of absorbent paper on the surface of the specimen, then PLACE the standard test pressurization module, PRESSURIZE under a certain pressure for a specified time. The mass increase of the absorbent paper on the top of the specimen represents the rewet of the specimen, and the mass increase of the absorbent paper at the bottom of the specimen represents the leakage of the specimen.
A.2 Instruments and materials
A.2.1 Diaper absorbency tester
A.2.1.1 Instrument composition
The diaper absorbency tester is composed of an arc-shaped specimen base, a specimen holder, standard test modules, a mobile pressurizing device, a liquid storage device, an automatic liquid addition device and an automatic timing device.
A.2.1.2 Arc-shaped specimen base
The arc-shaped specimen base is used to place absorbent paper, specimen holder, specimen and standard test modules during the test, as shown in Figure A.1. The liquid storage device is used to store the test solution. The liquid addition volume deviation of the automatic liquid addition device is ± 2 mL, and the liquid addition flow rate is (720 ± 15) mL/min.
A.2.1.6 Automatic timing device
The automatic timing device is composed of a timing unit and a timing control part, and is used to automatically record the test time with a resolution of 0.01s. A.2.2 Normal saline
0.9 % NaCl solution, (36 ± 1) ℃.
A.2.3 Absorbent paper
Quantitative (145 ± 5) g/m2, the water absorption is greater than 480 %, and the water absorption amount is determined according to GB/T 24218.6.
A.2.4 Food coloring
A small amount.
A.2.5 Electronic balance
The accuracy is 0.01 g.
A.3 Specimen collection
Take 5 pieces of specimens for each sample, and the specimens are taken from at least two sales packages. During the test, the test area of the specimen shall not be touched by hand.
A.4 Determination of absorption speed and rewet
A.4.1 Test procedure
A.4.1.1 PLACE the diaper absorbency tester (A.2.1) in a horizontal position, POUR enough normal saline (A.2.2) into the liquid storage tank, ADD a small amount of food coloring (A.2.4), START the instrument, CLICK the “rinse” button to rinse twice. CALIBRATE the liquid addition volume of the automatic liquid addition device according to the use instructions of the instrument. The normal saline needs to be heated to (36 ± 1) °C.
A.4.1.2 According to the type of the specimen to be tested, select the corresponding specification of the standard test liquid addition module and the standard test pressurization module according to the provisions of Table A.1. TAKE a piece of specimen (for pants-shaped diapers, it needs to cut off the elastic band), REMOVE the arc-shaped specimen base, PLACE several layers of absorbent paper (A.2.3) of known mass in the test area of the arc-shaped specimen base, the length of the absorbent paper Annex B
(normative)
Determination of pH
B.1 Instruments and reagents
B.1.1 Instruments
B.1.1.1 pH meter: 1 set, with an accuracy of 0.01.
B.1.1.2 Balance: 1 set, with a accuracy of 0.01 g.
B.1.1.3 Mercury thermometer: 1 piece, with a measuring range of 0 ℃ ~ 100 ℃. B.1.1.4 Beakers: 400 mL, 2 pieces.
B.1.1.5 Volumetric flask: 1000 mL, 1 piece.
B.1.1.6 Stainless steel scissors: 1 pair.
B.1.1.7 G1 glass sand core funnel.
B.1.1.8 Stopwatch: with a resolution of 0.1s.
B.1.2 Reagents
B.1.2.1 Water: GB/T 6682, Class III.
B.1.2.2 Normal saline: 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. WEIGH 9.00 g (accurate to 0.01 g) of sodium chloride in a 1000 mL volumetric flask, DISSOLVE and ADD water to the mark and SHAKE well.
B.1.2.3 Standard buffer solutions: pH of 4.01, 6.86, 9.18 at 25 °C.
B.2 Test procedure
TAKE 1 piece of specimen at random, REMOVE the bottom film, CUT (1.0 ± 0.1) g from the middle part and PLACE it in a beaker (B.1.1.4). The specimen taken shall ensure that it covers everything from the top sheet to the bottom layer. ADD 200 mL of normal saline (B.1.2.2) and start timing, STIR with a glass rod to fully mix the specimen with normal saline, then let it stand; STIR again at 10 min, USE a G1 glass sand core funnel (B.1.1.7) to filter, PUT the pH meter (B.1.1.1) into the filtrate to test, READ the pH value.
B.3 Calculation of test results
Annex C
(normative)
Determination of foreign materials
C.1 General
FIX the specimen on the surface of the workbench of the illumination device, INSPECT the specimen under certain conditions of transmitted light, MARK the foreign materials of different areas, and USE the standard foreign material picture to identify the area size of the foreign materials on the diaper.
Typical foreign materials include materials with sharp edges (metal, ceramics, glass, gravel, hard plastic pieces, etc.), insects, broken plastic pieces, films, non-woven fabric pieces, etc. Substances that are part of diapers are not counted as foreign materials, such as colored super absorbent resin, thick filaments of non-woven fabrics, fiber bundles in fluff pulp, hot-melt glue spots, cotton husks remaining in cotton fibers, unseparated cut edge of non-woven fabric on diapers, etc. However, contaminated fluff pulp, hard rubber blocks on the top sheet and materials stained with oil are all foreign materials. C.2 Apparatus and materials
C.2.1 Illumination device: It is suitable for the staff to inspect specimens under transmitted light. There are LED lights with adjustable illuminance in the device, and the illuminance range is 0 lx ~ 8000 lx. The surface of the workbench is milky white polyethylene board or glass, and the light shall be uniform. It shall avoid direct sunlight or any external light source during the test.
C.2.2 Stainless steel scissors.
C.2.3 Standard foreign material picture: Foreign material series with different areas and shapes are printed on a transparent film. The left half area is the foreign materials with the same area but different shapes arranged in the same horizontal row; the right half area is the foreign materials with the same area but different shapes arranged in the same longitudinal row, see Figure C.1 for details.
Annex D
(normative)
Determination of migratable fluorescent substances
D.1 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, use only analytical grade reagents.
D.1.1 Water: GB/T 6682, Class III.
D.1.2 Gauze: pure cotton material, about 5 cm × 5 cm in size.
D.1.3 Ammonia water: 0.1%.
D.1.4 Hydrochloric acid solution: 10 %.
D.1.5 Extraction solution: water with a pH of 7.5 ~ 9.0, adjusted with 0.1 % ammonia water (D.1.3).
D.1.6 Fluorescence standard sample: the fluorescence is uniform, and the fluorescence brightness is 0.40 % ~ 0.60 %.
NOTE: Except for fluorescent standard sample, the reagents and materials used have no fluorescent phenomenon under ultraviolet light.
D.2 Instruments
D.2.1 Balance: sensitivity of 0.001 g.
D.2.2 Erlenmeyer flask: 250 mL.
D.2.3 G1 glass sand core funnel.
D.2.4 Glass watch glass.
D.2.5 Ultraviolet lamp: wavelengths of 254 nm and 365 nm, equipped with an eye protection device.
D.2.6 pH meter: accuracy of 0.01.
D.2.7 Constant temperature water bath: temperature control accuracy of (40 ± 2) ℃. D.3 Test procedure and result judgment
D.3.1 Randomly TAKE a piece of specimen from the sample, REMOVE the outer packaging, PLACE the specimen and the fluorescent standard sample (D.1.6) at about 20 cm under the ultraviolet lamp (D.2.5), COMPARE and OBSERVE the fluorescence phenomenon of the two sides of the specimen and the fluorescent standard sample. If the fluorescence phenomenon of the specimen is weaker than that of the fluorescent standard sample, it is judged that the specimen has no migratable fluorescent substances and the test is terminated; if the fluorescence phenomenon of the specimen is stronger than that of the fluorescent standard sample, continue to carry out the test and judge according to D.3.2 ~ D.3.9.
D.3.2 CUT OFF the part of the specimen where the fluorescence phenomenon is obvious, CUT it into small pieces of about 5 mm × 5 mm, accurately WEIGH 2.0 g of the specimen, and PLACE it in an Erlenmeyer flask (D.2.2).
NOTE: If the mass of the obvious fluorescent part of one specimen is less than 2.0 g, then sampling from multiple specimens.
D.3.3 ADD 100 mL of the extraction solution (D.1.5) to the flask. SHAKE the flask slowly at room temperature, EXTRACT for 10 min, and then FILTER with a G1 glass sand core funnel (D.2.3).
D.3.4 USE hydrochloric acid solution (D.1.4) to adjust the pH of the filtrate to 3.0 ~ 5.0. SOAK the gauze (D.1.2) in the filtrate, and PLACE it in a constant temperature water bath (D.2.7) at a temperature of (40 ± 2) °C for 30 min.
D.3.5 TAKE OUT the gauze with tweezers, then SQUEEZE OUT the filtrate and FOLD it into four layers symmetrically, and PLACE it on a glass watch glass (D.2.4). D.3.6 REPEAT steps B.3.3 ~ B.3.5 to carry out a blank test.
D.3.7 CARRY OUT two parallel determinations for each specimen.
D.3.8 PLACE the glass watch glass containing the specimen gauze (D.3.5) and the blank test gauze (D.3.6) at about 20 cm under the ultraviolet lamp; OBSERVE the fluorescence phenomenon of the gauzes.
D.3.9 If there is no obvious fluorescent phenomenon after comparing the specimen gauzes of the two parallel tests with the blank test gauze, it is judged that the specimen has no migratable fluorescent substances. If the two specimen gauzes have obvious fluorescence phenomenon, it is judged that the specimen has migratable fluorescent substances. If one of the two specimen gauzes has more obvious fluorescence than the blank test gauze, the test shall be repeated. If there is no obvious fluorescent phenomenon after comparing the retested specimen gauzes with the blank test gauze, it is judged that the specimen has no migratable fluorescent substances; otherwise, it is judged that the specimen has migratable fluorescent substances.