GB/T 27840-2021 English PDF (GBT27840-2021)

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GB/T 27840-2021: Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles
GB/T 27840-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 40
Replacing GB/T 27840-2011
Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 11, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 6 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Terms and definitions... 7 
4 General requirements ... 7 
5 Chassis dynamometer test ... 8 
6 Simulation method ... 14 
7 Output results ... 18 
Annex A (normative) Test report (chassis dynamometer method) ... 20 
Annex B (normative) Test report (simulation test method) ... 23 
Annex C (normative) Driving resistance determination and simulation on chassis
dynamometer ... 27 
Annex D (normative) Test record form ... 35 
Annex E (normative) Recommended scheme for driving resistance coefficient of heavy
commercial vehicles ... 39 
Annex F (normative) Technical characteristics of chassis dynamometer ... 43 
Annex G (informative) Flow chart of simulation calculation method ... 45 
Annex H (normative) Input and output file formats ... 46 
Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the measurement method for fuel consumption of heavy-duty
commercial vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to commercial vehicles that burn gasoline and diesel, of
which the maximum design total mass is greater than 3500kg, including trucks, semi-
trailer tractors, ordinary passenger cars, dump trucks and city buses. Concrete mixer
trucks can refer to the relevant measurement methods of dump trucks. For other special
transport vehicles, refer to the relevant measurement methods for trucks.
This Standard does not apply to special purpose vehicles, including van-type special
operation vehicle, tank-type special operation vehicle, special dumping operation
vehicle, warehouse grid-type special operation vehicle, hoisting and lifting special
operation vehicle and special structure special operation vehicle. This Standard does
not apply to hybrid electric vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1413-2008, Series 1 freight containers - Classification, dimensions and
ratings
GB/T 1884, Petroleum and liquid petroleum product - Determination of density -
Hydrometer method
GB/T 3730.1, Motor vehicles and trailers - Types - Terms and definitions
GB/T 12534-1990, Motor vehicles - General rules of road test method
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 17350, Terms marks and designation for special purpose vehicles and special
trailers
GB 17691-2018, Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel fuelled
heavy-duty vehicles (CHINA VI)
GB/T 18297-2001, Performance test code for road vehicle engines
GB 18352.6-2016, Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty
vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 38146.2-2019, China automotive test cycle - Part 2: Heavy-duty commercial
vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3730.1,
GB/T 15089, GB/T 17350 and GB/T 38146.2-2019 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 basic vehicle type
vehicles applied by vehicle manufacturers as basic types
3.2 variant of a vehicle type
a new model formed by modifying the design or changing the structural configuration
on the basis of the approved basic type
3.3 equivalent inertia
the inertial mass corresponding to the moving part and the rotating part during the
driving process of the vehicle
4 General requirements
4.1 It shall use chassis dynamometer method to determine fuel consumption of basic
vehicle type. Indicate it as the basic vehicle type in the test report specified in Annex A.
4.2 The vehicle manufacturer chooses to use the chassis dynamometer method or the
simulation calculation method to determine the fuel consumption of variant of a vehicle
type. Indicate the basic vehicle type corresponding to this variant of a vehicle type in
the corresponding test report specified in Annex A or Annex B. Submit a fuel
consumption test report for basic vehicle type.
4.3 Measure the fuel consumption of the vehicle in accordance with the China Heavy
Commercial Vehicle Driving Conditions (CHTC) specified in Annex A of GB/T
38146.2-2019. Where,
a) Trucks adopt CHTC-LT (maximum design total mass GVW ≤5500kg) or CHTC-
HT (GVW >5500kg) driving conditions;
commercially available vehicle fuel that meets the relevant national standards.
5.3.3.2 Determine the fuel density according to GB/T 1884.
5.3.3.3 When using the carbon balance method to calculate the fuel consumption, the
hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of gasoline and diesel are assumed to be 1.85 and 1.86,
respectively.
5.4 Test procedure
5.4.1 Place the vehicle according to C.2.2.1. Connect the fuel flow meter, exhaust
sampling system and other test equipment. Verify that the fuel line is leak-free and
functioning properly.
5.4.2 Adjust the chassis dynamometer according to C.2.2 or C.3.2.
5.4.3 During the test, only the equipment necessary to drive the vehicle is allowed to
work. Vehicle load conditions shall ensure that the vehicle does not slip during the test.
For tractors, the load shall be vertical at the saddle position.
NOTE: If the test department can prove that there will not be a slip phenomenon that will obviously
affect the measurement results, it may not be loaded with the consent of the vehicle manufacturer.
5.4.4 Set the chassis dynamometer to road resistance simulation mode. Connect the data
acquisition system and the driver assistance system.
5.4.5 During the test, run the road simulation cooling fan, vehicle speed and time
recorder and other related equipment synchronously. Before the formal test, 1~2
complete CHTC driving conditions shall be carried out or other methods shall be used
to fully warm up the test vehicle and chassis dynamometer.
5.4.6 During the test, the shifting strategy shall be determined jointly by the vehicle
manufacturer and the testing agency. If the vehicle has undergone a simulation test, the
calculated shift point can be used as a reference for the chassis dynamometer test. The
following items are available for the determination of the shifting strategy:
a) The corresponding gear shall be selected according to the characteristics of the
vehicle. The shifting process shall be fast and smooth;
b) When the vehicle cannot reach the specified speed of the CHTC driving condition
in a higher gear and the speed deviation exceeds the specified value in 5.5.1, it
may lower the first gear to continue the test. When the vehicle re-enters the
uniform speed state that can use the higher gear to drive, change to the higher
gear again for the test;
c) For the vehicles with energy efficient driving indication, shift operations can be
performed according to the corresponding instructions.
5.4.7 When decelerating, release the accelerator pedal properly. Continue to keep the
clutch engaged. Disengage the clutch, downshift or stop until the test vehicle speed
drops to the lowest stable vehicle speed in that gea...