GB/T 23263-2009 English PDF (GBT23263-2009)

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GB/T 23263-2009: Determination of asbestos in products
GB/T 23263-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.080
Q 61
Determination of asbestos in products
ISSUED ON. MARCH 09, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 05, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the PRC;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms, symbols, and units ... 4 
4 Test method and principle ... 6 
5 Sampling ... 10 
6 Preparation method of the first analysis sample ... 11 
7 Qualitative analysis method based on the first analysis sample ... 12 
8 Judgement method for presence of asbestos ... 19 
9 Preparation methods of the second analysis sample and the third analysis
sample for quantitation ... 20 
10 X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis method based on base standard
absorption correction method ... 21 
11 Report of test results ... 25 
Appendix A (Normative) Technical conditions for the powder X-ray
diffractometer when determining asbestos ... 27 
Appendix B (Normative) Specification of polarizing microscope ... 29 
Appendix C (Normative) Base standard absorption correction method relating
to asbestos ... 30 
Determination of asbestos in products
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test method for the determination of asbestos in
products using powder X-ray diffractometer and polarizing microscope.
This Standard applies to the determination of asbestos in building materials,
friction materials, sealing materials, heat insulating materials, and non-metallic
minerals.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. For the dated references, their
subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to
this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this
Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest editions of these
documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest
editions apply to this Standard.
GB 10736 Chemical - Potassium chloride
GB/T 15896 Chemical reagent - Formic acid
HG/T 2892 Chemical reagent - Isopropyl alcohol
3 Terms, symbols, and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this Standard.
3.1.1 Asbestos
Fibrous silicate mineral (chrysotile) belonging to serpentine group and fibrous
silicate mineral (amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite)
belonging to amphibole group among the minerals which constitute rock.
3.1.2 Vermiculite
Mica group swelling clay mineral. The structural layer contains a layer of
internal standard method and standard addition method. These methods are
not very accurate in asbestos analysis, but can be used as the methods for
judging the approximate asbestos content.
5 Sampling
5.1 Sampling method
5.1.1 The protective measures shall be taken so that the persons involved in
sampling do not inhale asbestos dust at the time of sampling.
5.1.2 In the case of sampling at job site, care shall be taken so that the present
condition is not disturbed. Sampling is carried out by using a sharp knife and
the like. Care shall also be taken so that asbestos dust is not scattered.
5.1.3 In the case of sampling from products, the sample representing the lot is
taken.
5.1.4 The size of sample shall be the sufficiently large so that it represents the
product to be measured. In the case of soft materials such as spraying material,
or heat insulating material, the sample of approximately 10 cm3/place is taken
at three places. In the case of board shaped and rigid material, the sample of
approximately 10 cm2/place is taken at three places.
5.2 Transportation and storage of sample
The transportation of the sample from the sampling place to the place of
analysis shall be carried out by putting the sample in a hermetically-sealed
container to avoid dust scattering.
5.3 Sampling record
For the sample taken, the necessary items are recorded for discrimination.
a) Name of product;
b) Sampled position and place;
c) Sample information. shape, material, sample area, sample quantity,
sampling method, and sampling date;
d) Sampler.
Where.
ma - The mass of sample and crucible before heat treatment, in grams (g);
mb - The mass of sample and crucible after heat treatment, in grams (g);
mc - The mass of crucible, in grams (g);
m0 - The mass of sample before heat treatment, in grams (g);
m - The mass of sample after heat treatment, in grams (g).
7 Qualitative analysis method based on the first
analysis sample
7.1 Qualitative analysis method by powder X-ray diffractometer
7.1.1 The first analysis sample is placed uniformly and flat into the sample dish.
The sample dish is the metallic plate or glass plate with hole or hollow.
7.1.2 For the sample dish containing the sample, according to the qualitative
analysis conditions specified in Appendix A, X-ray diffraction qualitative analysis
is carried out.
7.1.3 According to the X-ray diffraction pattern, it is confirmed whether the
characteristic peaks of asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite,
tremolite/actinolite, anthophyllite) as shown in Figure 4 ~ Figure 8 or of
vermiculite group (hydrobiotite, vermiculite) as shown in Figure 9 ~ Figure 10
appear in the first analysis sample. The results are applied to the analysis
specified in 7.2 and Clause 9.
Note. It is difficult to distinguish between tremolite and actinolite by X-ray diffraction method,
so they can be classified into the same kind during analysis.
7.1.4 When it is confirmed in 7.1.3 that there is a vermiculite group diffraction
characteristic peak, in accordance with the provisions of 7.3, analysis shall be
carried out.
7.2.2 Determination method
7.2.2.1 PLACE the sample prepared by 7.2.1.1 or 7.2.1.2 on the stage of
polarizing microscope. The specifications of polarizing microscope shall be in
accordance with Appendix B.
7.2.2.2 At 10 times the objective lens, verify whether the particles are evenly
dispersed.
7.2.2.3 For the sample which has been confirmed in 7.2.2.2 to be uniformly
dispersed, adjust the objective lens to 40 times, to confirm whether the fiber
corresponding to the dispersion color of Table 2 exists.
7.2.2.4 Under a 10 times eyepiece of the polarizing microscope, MOVE the field
of view and count, until the total number of all asbestos containing fiber particle
in the circle with a diameter of 100 μm in the eyepiece counter reaches 1000.
The kind and number of particles of the asbestos showing the dispersion color
of Table 2 are recorded.
Note. When identifying the dispersion color, USE the analyzer which is compatible with the
microscope. If the analyzer is rotated by 90° or more, the color development state
can be more easily confirmed.
7.2.2.5 If the asbestos diffraction characteristic peak appears in 7.1.3,
according to the kind of asbestos, the operations of 7.2.2.1~7.2.2.4 are
performed on the 3 samples respectively. If the asbestos diffraction
characteristic peak does not appear in 7.1.3, according to the kind of asbestos
which may be used, the operations of 7.2.2.1~7.2.2.4 are performed on the 3
samples respectively. If asbestos is not detected by analysis of the dipping
liquid showing the refractive index of sensitive color in 7.2.1.2, according to the
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