GB/T 228.2-2015 English PDF (GB/T228.2-2015)

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GB/T 228.2-2015: Metallic materials -- Tensile testing -- Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature
GB/T 228.2-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.10
H 22
Replacing GB/T 4338-2006
Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing –
Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature
(ISO 6892-2.2011, MOD)
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. JUNE 1, 2016
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Symbols and Instructions ... 8
5 Principles ... 8
6 Specimen ... 8
8 Mark of Original Gauge Length (Lo) ... 9
9 Test Equipment ... 9
10 Test Requirements ... 10
11 Determination of Tensile Test Property ... 15
12 Rounding off of Test Result Values ... 15
13 Test Report ... 15
14 Determination of Uncertainty ... 16
15 Figure ... 16
16 Appendix ... 17
Appendix A (Informative) Supplement to Appendix B and D in GB/T 228.1-
2010 ... 19
Appendix B (Informative) Measurement of Uncertainty... 24
Bibliography ... 27
Foreword
GB/T 228 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing can be divided into the following four
parts.
--- Part 1. Method of Test at Room Temperature;
--- Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature;
--- Part 3. Method of Test at Low Temperature;
--- Part 4. Method of Test in Liquid Helium.
This Part belongs to Part 2 of GB/T 228.
This Part was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part replaced GB/T 4338-2006 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing at Elevated
Temperature; compared with GB/T 4338-2006, this Part has the major technical
changes as follows.
--- Modify the standard name;
--- Modify and increase partial terms and symbols, for instance, the indicated
temperature symbol is changed from “θ” to “T”; the prescribed temperature
symbol is changed from “θi” to “Ti”; increase term “holding time ts”; change
“prescribed non-proportional extension strength Rp” into “prescribed plastic
elongation strength Rp”;
--- Add test rate control method A strain rate control method;
--- Increase “1000°C< T≤1100°C” allowable deviation of temperature and
temperature gradient to the Table 2 Allowable Deviation of Temperature and
Temperature Gradient in Chapter 9;
--- Add extensometer and chucking method to Chapter 10;
--- Modify the rounding off the test result values.
This Part adopts the re-drafting method to modify and use international standard ISO
6892-2.2011 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing – Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated
Temperature.
This Part is basically consistent with ISO 6892-2.2011 in the aspects of overall
structure, layer division, preparation method and technical content.
This Part made the modification and supplement against the international standard in
Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing –
Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature
1 Scope
This Part specifies the definitions, symbols instructions, specimen and its dimension
measurement, test equipment, test requirements, property determination,
determination result values rounding off and test report for the method of tensile testing
of metallic materials at the temperature higher than the room temperature.
This Part is applicable to the test of tensile property of metallic materials at the
temperature higher than the room temperature.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1. Method of Test at
Room Temperature (ISO 6892-1.2009, MOD)
GB/T 16825.1 Verification of Static Uniaxial Testing Machines - Part 1.
Tension/Compression Testing Machines - Verification and Calibration of the Force-
Measuring System (GB/T 16825.1-2008, ISO 7500-1.2004, IDT)
GB/T 12160 Calibration of Extensometers Used in Uniaxial Testing (GB/T 12160-
2002, ISO 9513.1999, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions stipulated in GB/T 228.1-2010 are applicable to this
document.
Generally, all specimens’ geometric dimensions shall be measured at the room
temperature; the extensometer gauge length (see 3.3 and 10.2.2) may be exceptional.
NOTE. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications and agreements, generally, the
elevated temperature performance shall not be measured.
--- Specified residual extension strength (Rr);
--- Residual elongation rate;
--- Residual extension rate;
--- Percentage yield point extension (Ae);
--- Percentage total extension at maximum force (Agt);
--- Percentage plastic extension at maximum force (Ag);
--- Total extension at fracture (At).
3.1 Original gauge length (Lo)
The specimen gauge length at room temperature before heating and exerting force.
3.2 Percentage elongation after fracture (A)
At room temperature, the ratio between gauge length residual elongation after fracture
(Lu - Lo) and the original gauge length (Lo).
NOTE. see 3.4.2 in GB/T 228.1-2010.
3.3 Extensometer gauge length (Le)
When using the extensometer to measure the parallel part extension, the used starting
gauge length of the extensometer.
3.4 Extension
The increment of extensometer gauge length Le given the scale during the test period.
3.5 Percentage extension
Extension percentage expressed by extensometer gauge length Le.
3.6 Percentage reduction of area (Z)
The ratio between the maximum reduction of specimen cross-sectional area after
fracture (So - Su) and the original cross-sectional area So; So and Su are obtained
through measuring the specimen dimension at room temperature.
3.7 Stress (R)
The force at any moment during the test is divided by the original cross-sectional area
So of the specimen.
in between the two ends of the specimen that are clamped. Once the zero point of
force is set, the force-measuring system can’t be changed during the test period.
NTOE. the above method ensures, on one hand, the weight of clamping system can be
supplemented when measuring the force; on the other hand, ensure the force generated during
the clamping process shall not influence the measurement of the force.
10.2 Specimen clamping method, extensometer chucking method, and
specimen heating method (not necessarily in the following order)
10.2.1 Specimen clamping method
The relevant requirements of specimen clamping method can refer to 10.2 in GB/T
228.1-2010.
10.2.2 Extensometer chucking method and setting gauge length method
10.2.2.1 General
When adopting the different setting methods of extensometer gauge length during the
test period, the test results may have slight difference. The adopted methods shall be
recorded in the test report.
10.2.2.2 Extensometer gauge length at room temperature Le (Method 1)
Chuck the extensometer onto the specimen according to the nominal gauge length at
room temperature; measure the extension at test temperature; then calculate the
percentage extension according to the extensometer gauge length at room
temperature. Specimen thermal extension is not considered.
10.2.2.3 Extensometer gauge length at test temperature Le (Method 2)
Such Le includes the specimen thermal extension.
10.2.2.3.1 Extensometer nominal gauge length at test temperature Le (Method
2a)
Before exerting load, chuck the extensometer onto the specimen according to nominal
gauge length at test temperature.
10.2.2.3.2 Reduced extensometer nominal gauge length at room temperature
Le (Method 2b)
Chuck the extensometer onto the specimen according to less than nominal gauge
length at room temperature; when the specimen parallel length surface temperature
reaches the test temperature, the extensometer is the nominal gauge length.
Calculate the percentage extension according to the nominal gauge length.
Method B is the traditional strain rate range.
Considering the metal’s strain rate sensitivity in elevated temperature is higher than in
room temperature, even...
GB/T 228.2-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.10
H 22
Replacing GB/T 4338-2006
Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing –
Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature
(ISO 6892-2.2011, MOD)
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. JUNE 1, 2016
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Symbols and Instructions ... 8
5 Principles ... 8
6 Specimen ... 8
8 Mark of Original Gauge Length (Lo) ... 9
9 Test Equipment ... 9
10 Test Requirements ... 10
11 Determination of Tensile Test Property ... 15
12 Rounding off of Test Result Values ... 15
13 Test Report ... 15
14 Determination of Uncertainty ... 16
15 Figure ... 16
16 Appendix ... 17
Appendix A (Informative) Supplement to Appendix B and D in GB/T 228.1-
2010 ... 19
Appendix B (Informative) Measurement of Uncertainty... 24
Bibliography ... 27
Foreword
GB/T 228 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing can be divided into the following four
parts.
--- Part 1. Method of Test at Room Temperature;
--- Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature;
--- Part 3. Method of Test at Low Temperature;
--- Part 4. Method of Test in Liquid Helium.
This Part belongs to Part 2 of GB/T 228.
This Part was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Part replaced GB/T 4338-2006 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing at Elevated
Temperature; compared with GB/T 4338-2006, this Part has the major technical
changes as follows.
--- Modify the standard name;
--- Modify and increase partial terms and symbols, for instance, the indicated
temperature symbol is changed from “θ” to “T”; the prescribed temperature
symbol is changed from “θi” to “Ti”; increase term “holding time ts”; change
“prescribed non-proportional extension strength Rp” into “prescribed plastic
elongation strength Rp”;
--- Add test rate control method A strain rate control method;
--- Increase “1000°C< T≤1100°C” allowable deviation of temperature and
temperature gradient to the Table 2 Allowable Deviation of Temperature and
Temperature Gradient in Chapter 9;
--- Add extensometer and chucking method to Chapter 10;
--- Modify the rounding off the test result values.
This Part adopts the re-drafting method to modify and use international standard ISO
6892-2.2011 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing – Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated
Temperature.
This Part is basically consistent with ISO 6892-2.2011 in the aspects of overall
structure, layer division, preparation method and technical content.
This Part made the modification and supplement against the international standard in
Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing –
Part 2. Method of Test at Elevated Temperature
1 Scope
This Part specifies the definitions, symbols instructions, specimen and its dimension
measurement, test equipment, test requirements, property determination,
determination result values rounding off and test report for the method of tensile testing
of metallic materials at the temperature higher than the room temperature.
This Part is applicable to the test of tensile property of metallic materials at the
temperature higher than the room temperature.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1. Method of Test at
Room Temperature (ISO 6892-1.2009, MOD)
GB/T 16825.1 Verification of Static Uniaxial Testing Machines - Part 1.
Tension/Compression Testing Machines - Verification and Calibration of the Force-
Measuring System (GB/T 16825.1-2008, ISO 7500-1.2004, IDT)
GB/T 12160 Calibration of Extensometers Used in Uniaxial Testing (GB/T 12160-
2002, ISO 9513.1999, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions stipulated in GB/T 228.1-2010 are applicable to this
document.
Generally, all specimens’ geometric dimensions shall be measured at the room
temperature; the extensometer gauge length (see 3.3 and 10.2.2) may be exceptional.
NOTE. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications and agreements, generally, the
elevated temperature performance shall not be measured.
--- Specified residual extension strength (Rr);
--- Residual elongation rate;
--- Residual extension rate;
--- Percentage yield point extension (Ae);
--- Percentage total extension at maximum force (Agt);
--- Percentage plastic extension at maximum force (Ag);
--- Total extension at fracture (At).
3.1 Original gauge length (Lo)
The specimen gauge length at room temperature before heating and exerting force.
3.2 Percentage elongation after fracture (A)
At room temperature, the ratio between gauge length residual elongation after fracture
(Lu - Lo) and the original gauge length (Lo).
NOTE. see 3.4.2 in GB/T 228.1-2010.
3.3 Extensometer gauge length (Le)
When using the extensometer to measure the parallel part extension, the used starting
gauge length of the extensometer.
3.4 Extension
The increment of extensometer gauge length Le given the scale during the test period.
3.5 Percentage extension
Extension percentage expressed by extensometer gauge length Le.
3.6 Percentage reduction of area (Z)
The ratio between the maximum reduction of specimen cross-sectional area after
fracture (S...