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GB/T 20197-2006: Define, classify, marking and degradability requirement of degradable plastic
GB/T 20197-2006
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.140
G 33
Define, classify, marking and degradability
requirement of degradable plastic
ISSUED ON. FEBRUARY 21, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 1, 2007
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration Committee.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 6 
4 Marks ... 9 
5 Technical requirements of degradability properties ... 11 
6 Test methods for degradation property ... 14 
Foreword
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Plastic Products of Standardization Administration of China.
Main drafting organization of this Standard. Light Industry Institute of Plastics
Processing Applications
The drafting organizations of this Standard. Wuhan Huali Environmental
Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Korllin Ecoplastics Technology Co,. Ltd., Inner
Mongolia Mengxi High-Tech Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo Tian’an Biologic Material
Co., Ltd., Luwei New Material (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Tianjin Sitaili Degradable
Plastic Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Hetianyi Environmental Protection Technology Co.,
Ltd., Fujian Blockbuster Biological Material Co., Ltd., Fujian Panasia Science and
Technology Development Co., Ltd., National Plastic Products Quality
Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) and Sichuan University.
Main drafters of this Standard. Weng Yunyi, Kong Li, Wang Shihe, Chen Xuejun,
Zhang Xianbing, Mao Guoyu, Miao Lei, Ding Shaozhong, Jia Weisheng, Ye
Xinjian, Liu Caixia, Hou Yong, Wang Yuzhong, Yang Huidi, Li Ziyi, and Chen
Mingxing.
This Standard is issued for the first time.
Define, classify, marking and degradability
requirement of degradable plastic
1 Scope
This Standard specifies terms and definitions, classification and marks,
degradability requirements, and test methods of degradable plastic.
This Standard applies to the following degradable material.
- Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or their mixtures;
- Plastic material that contains additives such as plasticizers, pigments, or
other compounds;
- Water-soluble polymers;
- Products processed by various types of degradable plastic materials.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 1040 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties
GB/T 1844.2 Plastic - Symbols and abbreviated - Part 2. Fillers and
reinforcing materials (GB/T 1844.2-1995, neq ISO 1043-2.1987)
GB/T 1844.3 Plastics - Symbols and abbreviated terms - Part 3. Plasticizers
(GB/T 1844.3-1995, neq ISO 1043-3.1987)
GB/T 7141 Plastics - Methods of heat aging
GB/T 13022 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties of films (GB/T
13022-1991, neq ISO 1184.1983)
GB/T 15596 Plastics - Determination of changes in color and variations in
properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or
laboratory light sources (GB/T 15596-1995, eqv ISO 4582.1980)
GB/T 17603 Method for outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable
plastics
GB/T 19276.1 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen
demand in a closed respirometer (GB/T 19276.1-2003, ISO 14851.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19276.2 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved
carbon dioxide (GB/T 19276.2-2003, ISO 14852.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19277 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of
evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19277-2003, ISO 14855.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19811 Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials
under defined composting conditions in a pilot-scale test (GB/T 19811-2005,
ISO 16929.2002, IDT)
CJ/T 96 General detecting methods for the chemical characteristic of
domestic refuse
CJ/T 97 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total chromium -
Diphenyl carbazide color method
CJ/T 98 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of mercury - Cold atomic
absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 99 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of pH - Glass electrode
method
CJ/T 100 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of cadmium - Atomic
absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 101 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of lead - Atomic
absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 102 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of arsenic -
Spectrophotometric method with silver diethyldithiocarbamate
CJ/T 103 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total nitrogen - Semi
- Micro Kjeldahl method
CJ/T 104 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total phosphorus -
Ammonium metamolybdate spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 105 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total potassium -
Flame spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 3059 Technical evaluating targets on municipal solid waste composting
plant
ISO 3310-2.1999 Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2.
Test sieves of perforated metal plate
ISO 11465.1993 Soil quality - Determination of dry matter and water content
on a mass basis - Gravimetric method
ISO 14853.2005 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic
biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system - Method by
measurement of biogas production
ISO 15985.2004 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic
biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion
conditions - Method by analysis of released biogas
ISO 17556.2003 Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer
or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved
ASTM D5510.1994 (2001) Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Oxidatively
Degradable Plastics
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this Standard.
3.1 Degradation
A process that it is affected by environmental conditions after a certain time and
contains one or more steps, through which the structure is changed significantly
and loss of properties (such as integrity, relative molecular mass, structural or
mechanical strength).
Refer to deterioration (3.6).
3.2 Biodegradation
Degradation that is caused by biological activities, especially significant
changes in material’s chemical structure due to the action of enzymes. The
material is gradually digested as nutrient source by microorganisms or some
standard test method); and it is completely biodegradable in the final use of
compost. Compost shall comply with relevant quality standards, such as, low
heavy metal content, no toxicity, no distinguishable residues.
3.11 Degradable plastic
The plastic that has a significant change in structure, loss of properties (such
as integrity, molecular mass, structural or mechanical strength) and/or fracture
under specified environmental conditions after a certain time. It shall use
standard test method which can reflect property changes to test, and determine
its category based on degradation mode and service cycle.
Refer to Biodegradable plastic (3.12), Heat- and/ or oxide- degradable
plastic (3.13), Photo-degradable plastic sheet (3.14) and Compostable
plastic (3.15).
3.12 Biodegradable plastic
The plastic that is degraded by microbial action in nature; and it can be
eventually and completely degraded into carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
water (H2O), mineralized salts with the elements, and new biomass, under soil
and/or sand conditions, and/or under specific conditions such as composting or
anaerobic digestion conditions, or in aqueous medium.
Refer to Degradable plastic (3.11).
3.13 Heat- and/ or oxide- degradable plastic
The plastic degraded by heat and/or oxidation.
Refer to Degradable plastic (3.11).
3.14 Photo-degradable plastic sheet
The plastic degraded by natural daylight effect.
Refer to Degradable plastic (3.11).
3.15 Compostable plastic
A plastic that can be degradable and disintegrated due to biological reaction
process under composting conditions; and it shall be eventually and completely
degraded into carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water (H2O), mineralized
salts with the elements, and new biomass; and heavy metal content, toxicity
tests, residual debris of the compost shall comply with the provisions of relevant
standards.
Refer to Degradable plastic (3.11).
PLA-(GF25+MD15) or PLA-(GF+MD)40
Example 3. Polylactic acid that contains 20% mineral powders (MD) in mass fraction
and 15% glass fiber (GF) in mass fraction shall be marked as.
PLA-(MD20+GF15) or PLA-(MD+GF)35
4.3.3.2 Products containing plasticizer
For products containing plastic...
GB/T 20197-2006
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.140
G 33
Define, classify, marking and degradability
requirement of degradable plastic
ISSUED ON. FEBRUARY 21, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 1, 2007
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration Committee.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative references ... 4 
3 Terms and definitions ... 6 
4 Marks ... 9 
5 Technical requirements of degradability properties ... 11 
6 Test methods for degradation property ... 14 
Foreword
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Plastic Products of Standardization Administration of China.
Main drafting organization of this Standard. Light Industry Institute of Plastics
Processing Applications
The drafting organizations of this Standard. Wuhan Huali Environmental
Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Korllin Ecoplastics Technology Co,. Ltd., Inner
Mongolia Mengxi High-Tech Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo Tian’an Biologic Material
Co., Ltd., Luwei New Material (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Tianjin Sitaili Degradable
Plastic Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Hetianyi Environmental Protection Technology Co.,
Ltd., Fujian Blockbuster Biological Material Co., Ltd., Fujian Panasia Science and
Technology Development Co., Ltd., National Plastic Products Quality
Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) and Sichuan University.
Main drafters of this Standard. Weng Yunyi, Kong Li, Wang Shihe, Chen Xuejun,
Zhang Xianbing, Mao Guoyu, Miao Lei, Ding Shaozhong, Jia Weisheng, Ye
Xinjian, Liu Caixia, Hou Yong, Wang Yuzhong, Yang Huidi, Li Ziyi, and Chen
Mingxing.
This Standard is issued for the first time.
Define, classify, marking and degradability
requirement of degradable plastic
1 Scope
This Standard specifies terms and definitions, classification and marks,
degradability requirements, and test methods of degradable plastic.
This Standard applies to the following degradable material.
- Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or their mixtures;
- Plastic material that contains additives such as plasticizers, pigments, or
other compounds;
- Water-soluble polymers;
- Products processed by various types of degradable plastic materials.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 1040 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties
GB/T 1844.2 Plastic - Symbols and abbreviated - Part 2. Fillers and
reinforcing materials (GB/T 1844.2-1995, neq ISO 1043-2.1987)
GB/T 1844.3 Plastics - Symbols and abbreviated terms - Part 3. Plasticizers
(GB/T 1844.3-1995, neq ISO 1043-3.1987)
GB/T 7141 Plastics - Methods of heat aging
GB/T 13022 Plastics - Determination of tensile properties of films (GB/T
13022-1991, neq ISO 1184.1983)
GB/T 15596 Plastics - Determination of changes in color and variations in
properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or
laboratory light sources (GB/T 15596-1995, eqv ISO 4582.1980)
GB/T 17603 Method for outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable
plastics
GB/T 19276.1 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen
demand in a closed respirometer (GB/T 19276.1-2003, ISO 14851.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19276.2 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved
carbon dioxide (GB/T 19276.2-2003, ISO 14852.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19277 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of
evolved carbon dioxide (GB/T 19277-2003, ISO 14855.1999, IDT)
GB/T 19811 Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials
under defined composting conditions in a pilot-scale test (GB/T 19811-2005,
ISO 16929.2002, IDT)
CJ/T 96 General detecting methods for the chemical characteristic of
domestic refuse
CJ/T 97 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of total chromium -
Diphenyl carbazide color method
CJ/T 98 Municipal domestic refuse - Determination of mercury - Cold atomic
absorption spectrophotometric method
CJ/T 99 Municipal domestic refuse - D...