GB/T 20145-2006 English PDF (GBT20145-2006)

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GB/T 20145-2006: Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
GB/T 20145-2006
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.140
K 70
GB/T 20145-2006 / CIE S 009/E:2002
Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems
(CIE S 009/E:2002, IDT)
ISSUED ON: MARCH 6, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 1, 2006
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviations ... 5
4. Exposure Limits ... 14
5 Measurement of Lamps and Lamp Systems ... 26
6 Lamp Classification ... 35
Annex A (Informative) Summary of Biological Effect ... 39
Annex B (Informative) Measurement Method ... 48
Annex C (Informative) Uncertainty Analysis ... 53
Bibliography ... 55
Foreword
This Standard equivalently adopted CIE S 009/E:2002 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and
Lamp Systems (English version).
In addition, this Standard made the following editorial modifications:
a) Change “this International Standard” into “this Standard”;
b) Use decimal point “.” to replace the comma “,” that is used as decimal point;
c) Delete the Foreword of CIE S 009/E:2002.
The Appendixes A, B, and C of this Standard are informative.
This Standard was proposed by China National Light Industry Council.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Lighting
Appliances of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 224).
Drafting staffs of this Standard: National Lighting Test Center (Beijing); and Zhejiang
University SENSING Instruments Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard: Zhang Ying, Hua Shuming, Mu Tongsheng.
This Standard is first-time formulated.
Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems
1 Scope
This Standard gives guidance for evaluating the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp
systems including luminaires. Specifically, it specifies the exposure limits, reference
measurement technique and classification scheme for the evaluation and control of
photobiological hazards from all electrically powered incoherent broadband sources of optical
radiation, including LEDs but excluding lasers, in the wavelength range from 200 nm through
3000 nm.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding
corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard, however, parties who reach an
agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions of these
documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
applies.
CIE 17.4:1987 International lighting vocabulary (ILV) – Joint publication IEC/CIE
CIE 53:1982 Methods of characterizing the performance of radiometers and photometers
CIE 63:1984 The spectroradiometric measurement of light sources
CIE 105:1993 Spectroradiometry of pulsed optical radiation sources
ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, ISO, Geneva, 1995. ISBN 92-
67-10188-9
3 Definitions, Symbols and Abbreviations
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions, symbols and abbreviations apply.
3.1 Actinic dose
Quantity obtained by weighting spectrally the dose according to the actinic action spectrum
value at the corresponding wavelength.
While irradiance measurements are routinely performed, radiance measurements are not routine
and often difficult to make, especially for the photobiological hazards, as they involve a field
of view that changes depending on the hazard evaluation.
For these reasons it was thought necessary to include a rather lengthy discussion on the
conditions and procedures needed to make emission measurements that will be used to assign
risk group classification of various lamps and lamp systems.
It should be noted that the measurement procedures described in this standard are designed to
account for biophysical phenomena. Specifically, they can involve averaging over apertures or
field-of-views which would be considered inappropriate for general radiometric measurements.
However, hazards might be overestimated if non-averaged measurement values were to be
compared with the respective exposure limits.
To better provide a comparison of the various exposure limits, developed in clause 4.3,
including the effects of the field-of-view, both a tabular and graphical summary are shown at
the end of this clause. Thus Figure 6 and Table 3 summarizes the maximum values for each of
the irradiance-based hazard exposure quantities as a function of exposure time, while Figure 7
and Table 4 summarizes the maximum radiance based (retinal) hazard exposure quantities, also
as a function of exposure time.
NOTE: The upper wavelength range for evaluation of any hazard is given as 3000 nm in clause 1.
Spectral irradiance or radiance measurements using a monochromator are often difficult to make in the
IR, particularly between 2500 and 3000 nm due to a lack of signal response and difficulty in obtaining
calibrated sources. However, no weighting function is defined at wavelengths greater than 1400 nm. Thus,
broadband measurements for wavelengths between 1400 and 3000 nm are suitable in evaluating IR
hazard conditions for the eye and skin in this region.
5.1 Measurement conditions
Measurement conditions shall be reported as part of the evaluation against the exposure limits
and the assignment of risk classification.
5.1.1 Lamp ageing
To maintain stable output during the measurement process and provide reproducible results,
lamps shall be seasoned for an appropriate period of time. During the initial period of operation,
a lamp output characteristic will change as its components come to near equilibrium. If
measurements are taken of an unseasoned lamp, the variations within the measurement period
and between measurements could be significant. As the output of a lamp generally decreases
over life, the seasoning time should be short to result in conservative hazard evaluations.
Seasoning of lamps shall be done as stated in the appropriate IEC lamp standard.
NOTE: The seasoning time for discharge lamps, e.g., fluorescent or High Intensity Discharge (HID)
types, is typically 100 h, for tungsten lamps it is on the order of one percent of rated lamp life. However,