GB/T 18569.1-2020 English PDF (GBT18569.1-2020)

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GB/T 18569.1-2020: Safety of machinery -- Reduction of risks to health resulting from hazardous substances emitted by machinery -- Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers
GB/T 18569.1-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.110
J 09
GB/T 18569.1-2020 / ISO 14123-1.2015
Replacing 18569.1-2001
Safety of machinery - Reduction of risks to health resulting
from hazardous substances emitted by machinery - Part 1.
Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers
(ISO 14123-1.2015, IDT)
ISSUED ON. JUNE 02, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON. DECEMBER 01, 2020
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3 
Introduction... 5 
1 Scope... 7 
2 Normative references... 7 
3 Terms and definitions... 7 
4 Risk assessment... 8 
5 Emission types... 9 
5.1 Airborne emissions... 9 
5.2 Non-airborne emissions... 10 
6 Requirements and/or protective measures to eliminate and/or reduce risks... 12 
7 Usage information and maintenance information... 12 
7.1 Usage information... 12 
7.2 Maintenance information... 13 
8 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures... 13 
Appendix A (Informative) Examples of protective measures to reduce exposure to
hazardous substances... 15 
References... 18 
Safety of machinery - Reduction of risks to health resulting
from hazardous substances emitted by machinery - Part 1.
Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 18569 specifies the principles and specifications for the control of
risks to health, which are caused by hazardous substances emitted by machinery.
This Part applies to machinery, that poses a risk to human health, due to the emission
of hazardous substances.
This Part does not apply to substances, that are harmful to health only because of their
explosion, combustion, radioactivity, OR because they are in a state of extreme
temperature or pressure.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk
assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100.2010, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 15706-2012, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Intended use
Use the machine according to the information provided in the instruction manual.
[GB/T 15706-2012, 3.23]
3.2
Hazardous substance
Chemical or biological substances or preparations, which are harmful to health.
Example. Substances or preparations, which are classified as highly toxic, toxic, harmful,
corrosive, irritating, allergic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, pathogenic, suffocating.
Note. For the definitions of "chemical preparations" and "biological preparations ", see EN
1540.
4 Risk assessment
4.1 Machinery manufacturers shall identify hazards and assess foreseeable risks to
health from hazardous substances. This process shall, as far as possible, cover any
potential hazards arising from the exposure of personnel to the machine, at all stages of
the machine's entire life cycle.
Note. The detailed risk assessment method is given in GB/T 15706.
4.2 The level of risk depends on the nature of the hazardous substance, the likelihood
of personal exposure, the degree of exposure. The health effects of harmful substances
can be.
- Short-term or long-term;
- Reversible or irreversible.
4.3 Hazardous substances can be in any physical state (gaseous, liquid, solid) AND can
affect the human body in the following ways.
- Inhalation;
- Ingestion;
- Contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes;
- Penetrates through the skin.
4.4 Hazardous substances can be produced from.
- Any part of the machine;
- Substances present in the machine;
- Machine-processed or machine-used materials and/or substances, which are
derived directly or indirectly from materials.
4.5 The life cycle of a machine may include the following stages (see 5.4 of GB/T
- Maintenance, such as emptying the filter bags;
- Dismantling, such as dismantling lead-acid battery packs, removing asbestos
insulation;
- Fuel combustion, such as exhaust gas from internal combustion engines;
- Food mixing utensils;
- Metalworking, such as nitrosamines from water-soluble metalworking lubricants.
5.1.3 Some examples of airborne hazardous substances are as follows.
- Respiratory irritants, such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, cadmium fumes;
- Sensitizers, such as isocyanates, enzymes, turpentine gas;
- Carcinogens, such as asbestos, chromium(VI), benzene, polyethylene monomers;
- Fibrous dust, such as free crystalline silicon, asbestos, cobalt;
- Asphyxiants, such as nitrogen, argon, methane;
- Biological preparations, such as Legionella pneumophila, dust from fermented hay;
- Harmful substances, that affect specific parts of the body, such as mercury (affects
the nervous system and kidneys), lead (affects the nervous system and blood),
carbon tetrachloride (affects the nervous system and liver), carbon monoxide
(affects the blood).
5.1.4 Airborne emissions can be assessed by measuring the concentration of the
substance, in the breathing zone of the person. Measurements are often compared to
corresponding benchmarks.
5.1.5 For airborne contaminants, there are many methods of air sampling and sample
analysis. Sampling methods and analytical techniques should be selected, according to
the nature of airborne contaminants.
5.2 Non-airborne emissions
5.2.1 Non-airborne emissions can be the primary source of exposure to hazardous
substances, through ingestion, contact with the skin, eyes or mucous membranes, or
penetration through the skin (see 4.3).
5.2.2 Non-airborne emissions can occur, under a variety of conditions, including.
- Migration from open sources, such as splash and evaporation/condensation leading
to secondary emissions;
- Opening machinery, e.g. for maintenance;
- Access to machinery, e.g. for inspection;
- Material handling, such as loading, sampling, cleaning;
- Handling parts of the machine, such as dismantling;
- Incorrect operation, such as overfilling;
- Leaks, e.g. at pump seals, flanges;
- Rupture.
5.2.3 Exposure to non-airborne emissions can cause health damage, due to the effects
of various hazardous properties associated with different materials. Examples of these
materials include.
- Corrosives, such as sulfuric acid;
- Irritants, such as wet cement;
- Sensitizers, such as chromates, epoxy resins;
- Carcinogens, such as used quenching oils, beryllium oxide, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons;
- Biological preparations, such as contaminated cutting oils, contaminated blood.
Damage to health can be located at the point of contact of the body OR the result of
action on a part of the body (systemic or organ-specific). For some substances, both
conditions may occur, such as benzene.
5.2.4 Non-airborne emissions cannot be assessed, by measuring the concentrations of
substances in the air, nor can a benchmark based on these concentrations be used. Other
benchmarks can be set, such as limits on microbial concentrations in cutting oils.
5.2.5 In some cases, a quantitative assessment of surface contamination is appropriate.
Applicable benchmarks sh...