GB/T 18451.1-2012 English PDF (GB/T18451.1-2012)

GB/T 18451.1-2012: Wind turbine generator systems -- Design requirements
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GB/T 18451.1-2012
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
F 11
GB/T 18451.1-2012 / IEC 61400-1:2005
Replacing GB 18451.1-2001
Wind turbine generator systems - Design
requirements
(IEC 61400-1:2005 Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements, IDT)
ISSUED ON: MAY 11, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2012
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5 
IEC introduction ... 7 
1 Scope ... 8 
2 Normative references ... 8 
3 Terms and definitions ... 9 
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ... 19 
4.1 Symbols and units ... 19 
4.2 Abbreviations ... 21 
5 Principal elements ... 22 
5.1 General ... 22 
5.2 Design methods ... 22 
5.3 Safety classes ... 22 
5.4 Quality assurance... 23 
5.5 Wind turbine markings... 23 
6 External conditions ... 24 
6.1 General ... 24 
6.2 Wind turbine classes ... 24 
6.3 Wind conditions ... 26 
6.4 Other environmental conditions... 36 
6.5 Electrical power network conditions ... 37 
7 Structural design ... 38 
7.1 General ... 38 
7.2 Design methodology... 38 
7.3 Loads ... 38 
7.4 Design situations and load cases ... 39 
7.5 Load calculations ... 46 
7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis ... 47 
8 Control and protection system ... 55 
8.1 General ... 55 
8.2 Control functions ... 55 
8.3 Protection functions ... 56 
8.4 Braking system ... 57 
9 Mechanical systems ... 57 
9.1 General ... 57 
9.2 Errors of fitting ... 58 
9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems ... 58 
9.4 Main gearbox ... 59 
9.5 Yaw system ... 59 
9.6 Pitch system ... 59 
9.7 Protection function mechanical brakes ... 60 
9.8 Rolling bearings... 60 
10 Electrical system ... 60 
10.1 General ... 60 
10.2 General requirements for the electrical system ... 61 
10.3 Protective devices ... 61 
10.4 Disconnect devices ... 61 
10.5 Earth system ... 61 
10.6 Lightning protection ... 62 
10.7 Electrical cables ... 62 
10.8 Self-excitation ... 62 
10.9 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse ... 62 
10.10 Power quality ... 62 
10.11 Electromagnetic compatibility ... 63 
11 Assessment of a wind turbine for site-specific conditions ... 63 
11.1 General ... 63 
11.2 Assessment of the topographical complexity of the site ... 64 
11.3 Wind conditions required for assessment ... 64 
11.4 Assessment of wake effects from neighboring wind turbines ... 65 
11.5 Assessment of other environmental conditions ... 66 
11.6 Assessment of earthquake conditions ... 66 
11.7 Assessment of electrical network conditions ... 67 
11.8 Assessment of soil conditions ... 68 
11.9 Assessment of structural integrity by reference to wind data ... 68 
11.10 Assessment of structural integrity by load calculations with reference to site
specific conditions ... 70 
12 Assembly, installation and erection ... 70 
12.1 General ... 70 
12.2 Planning ... 71 
12.3 Installation conditions ... 71 
12.4 Site access ... 72 
12.5 Environmental conditions ... 72 
12.6 Documentation ... 72 
12.7 Receiving, handling and storage ... 72 
12.8 Foundation/anchor systems ... 73 
12.9 Assembly of wind turbine... 73 
12.10 Erection of wind turbine ... 73 
12.11 Fasteners and attachments ... 73 
12.12 Cranes, hoists and lifting equipment ... 74 
13 Commissioning, operation and maintenance ... 74 
13.1 General ... 74 
13.2 Design requirements for safe operation, inspection and maintenance ... 74 
13.3 Instructions concerning commissioning ... 75 
13.4 Operator’s instruction manual ... 76 
13.5 Maintenance manual ... 79 
Annex A (normative) Design parameters for describing wind turbine class S 81 
Annex B (informative) Turbulence models ... 83 
Annex C (informative) Assessment of earthquake loading ... 89 
Annex D (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence ... 90 
Annex E (informative) Prediction of wind distribution for wind turbine sites by
measure correlate- predict (MCP) methods ... 93 
Annex F (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength
analysis ... 95 
Annex G (informative) Fatigue analysis using Miner’s rule with load
extrapolation ... 99 
Bibliography ... 106 
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard uses translation method to identically adopt IEC 61400-1:2005
"Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements".
This Standard replaces GB 18451.1-2001 "Wind turbine generator systems -
Safety requirements". Compared with GB 18451.1-2001, the main technical
changes in this Standard are as follows:
- changed the standard's name to "Wind turbine generator systems - Design
requirements";
- adjusted the classification method of wind turbines; now only reference
wind speed and turbulence intensity are involved;
- expanded the turbulence model and included the limit turbulence model;
- adjusted and simplified the gust model;
- reorganized and revised the design load cases;
- emphasized the split turbulence simulation in the load calculation, and
specified the extrapolation method of the limit load;
- adjusted and simplified the partial safety factor of the load;
- corrected the partial safety factor of the material; made the detailed
description according to the material model and component class;
- according to the functional characteristics, revised and clarified the
requirements of the control and protection system;
- added detailed evaluation requirements for structure and electrical
compatibility.
The Chinese documents which have consistency with the international
normative references in this Standard are as follows:
- GB/T 4797.1-2005, Environmental conditions appearing in nature of electric
and electronic products - Temperature and humidity (IEC 60721-2-1:2002,
MOD);
- GB/T 6391-2003, Rolling bearings - Dynamic load rating and rating life (ISO
281:1990, IDT); the current edition GB/T 6391-2010 has replaced GB/T
6391-2003;
- GB 5226.1- 2002, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines
- Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:1997, IDT); the current
edition GB 5226.1-2008 " Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical
equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirement" has replaced GB
5226.1-2002;
- GB16895 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations [IEC 60364 (all
parts)];
- GB/Z 25427-2010, Wind turbine generator systems - Lightning protection
(IEC 61400-24:2002, MOD).
For easy use, this Standard made the following editorial modifications:
a) changed "IEC 61400-1:2005" to this Standard;
b) deleted the informative summary elements (including cover, table of
contents and foreword) in IEC 61400-1:2005;
c) kept the introduction of IEC 61400-1:2005 and added the "foreword" of
this Standard;
d) use the current IEC 60721-2-1:2002 "Classification of environmental
conditions - Part 2-1: Environmental conditions appearing in nature -
Temperature and humidity" to replace IEC 60721-2-1:1982;
e) use the current ISO 4354:2009 "Wind actions on structures" to replace
ISO 4354:1997;
f) use the current ISO 9001:2008 "Quality management systems -
Requirements" to replace ISO 9001:2000.
This Standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Wind Machinery of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 50).
Main drafting organizations of this Standard: Beijing Jianheng Certification
Center, Shenhua Guohua Energy Investment Co., Ltd., Hohhot Branch of
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Shanghai Electric
Wind Power Equipment Co., Ltd., North China Electric Power University,
Xinjiang Goldwind Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yunda Wind Power Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard: Gao Hui, Wang Jianping, Qin Haiyan, Zhang Yu,
Chen Leijie, Xu Yiqing, Deng Ying, Wang Xiangming, Tian Ye, Zhuang Yuexing,
Ye Hangye, Wang Wei, Li Zao, Yang Hongyuan.
Wind turbine generator systems - Design
requirements
1 Scope
This Standard specifies essential design requirements to ensure the
engineering integrity of wind turbines. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate
level of protection against damage from all hazards during the planned lifetime.
This Standard is concerned with all subsystems of wind turbines such as control
and protection mechanisms, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems
and support structures.
This Standard applies to wind turbines of all sizes. For small wind turbines IEC
61400-2 may be applied.
This Standard should be used together with the appropriate IEC and ISO
standards mentioned in Clause 2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 4662-2003, Rolling bearings - Static load ratings (ISO 76:1987)
GB 5226.3-2005, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines -
Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1000V a.c. or
1500V d.c. and not exceeding 36kV (IEC 60204-11:2000)
GB 16895.3-2004, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-54: Selection
and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements, protective
conductors and protective bonding conductors (IEC 60364-5-54:2002)
GB/T 17799.1-1999, Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic standards -
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (IEC
61000-6-1:1997)
GB 17799.2-2003, Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic standards -
Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999)
GB 17799.4-2001, Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic standards -
Emission standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:1997)
GB/T 19001-2008, Quality management systems - Requirements [including
MODIFICATION 1] (ISO 9001:2008)
GB/T 19271.1-2003, Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse -
Part 1: General principles (IEC 61312-1:1995)
GB/T 20320-2006, The WTG power quality measurement and assessment
methods (IEC 61400-21:2001)
IEC 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines
– Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60364 (all parts), Electrical installations of buildings
IEC 60721-2-1:2002, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2:
Environmental conditions appearing in nature. Temperature and humidity
IEC 61024-1:1990, Protection of structures against lightning - Part 1: General
principles
IEC 61400-24:2002, Wind turbine generator systems - Part 24: Lightning
protection
ISO 281:1990, Rolling bearings - Dynamic load ratings and rating life
ISO 2394:1998, General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 2533:1975, Standard Atmosphere
ISO 4354:2009, Wind actions on structures
ISO6336 (all parts), Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 annual average
mean value of a set of measured data of sufficient size and duration to serve
as an estimate of the expected value of the quantity. The averaging time interval
should be a whole number of years to average out non-stationary effects such
as seasonality
3.2 annual average wind speed (Vave)
GB/T 18451.1-2012
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
F 11
GB/T 18451.1-2012 / IEC 61400-1:2005
Replacing GB 18451.1-2001
Wind turbine generator systems - Design
requirements
(IEC 61400-1:2005 Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements, IDT)
ISSUED ON: MAY 11, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2012
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 5 
IEC introduction ... 7 
1 Scope ... 8 
2 Normative references ... 8 
3 Terms and definitions ... 9 
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ... 19 
4.1 Symbols and units ... 19 
4.2 Abbreviations ... 21 
5 Principal elements ... 22 
5.1 General ... 22 
5.2 Design methods ... 22 
5.3 Safety classes ... 22 
5.4 Quality assurance... 23 
5.5 Wind turbine markings... 23 
6 External conditions ... 24 
6.1 General ... 24 
6.2 Wind turbine classes ... 24 
6.3 Wind conditions ... 26 
6.4 Other environmental conditions... 36 
6.5 Electrical power network conditions ... 37 
7 Structural design ... 38 
7.1 General ... 38 
7.2 Design methodology... 38 
7.3 Loads ... 38 
7.4 Design situations and load cases ... 39 
7.5 Load calculations ... 46 
7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis ... 47 
8 Control and protection system ... 55 
8.1 General ... 55 
8.2 Control functions ... 55 
8.3 Protection functions ... 56 
8.4 Braking system ... 57 
9 Mechanical systems ... 57 
9.1 General ... 57 
9.2 Errors of fitting ... 58 
9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems ... 58 
9.4 Main gearbox ... 59 
9.5 Yaw system ... 59 
9.6 Pitch system ... 59 
9.7 Protection function mechanical brakes ... 60 
9.8 Rolling bearings... 60 
10 Electrical system ... 60 
10.1 General ... 60 
10.2 General requirements for the electrical system ... 61 
10.3 Protective devices ... 61 
10.4 Disconnect devices ... 61 
10.5 Earth system ... 61 
10.6 Lightning protection ... 62 
10.7 Electrical cables ... 62 
10.8 Self-excitation ... 62 
10.9 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse ... 62 
10.10 Power quality ... 62 
10.11 Electromagnetic compatibility ... 63 
11 Assessment of a wind turbine for site-specific conditions ... 63 
11.1 G...