GB/T 16552-2017 English PDF (GBT16552-2017)

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GB/T 16552-2017: Gems -- Nomenclature
GB/T 16552-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 39.060
D 59
Replacing GB/T 16552-2010
Gems - Nomenclature
珠宝玉石 名称
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms and definitions ... 5 
4 Identification ... 10 
5 Naming rules and representation methods ... 10 
5.1 Gems ... 10 
5.2 Imitation stones ... 13 
5.3 Gem with phenomena ... 13 
5.4 Enhancement and treatment ... 14 
5.5 Gem ornaments ... 16 
Appendix A (Normative) Gem name ... 18 
Appendix B (Normative) Enhancement and treatment of gem ... 24 
Gems - Nomenclature
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, naming rules, representation methods
of gem.
This standard applies to the naming of gem.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB 11887 Jewelry - Fineness of precious metal alloys and designation
GB/T 16553 Gems - Testing
QB/T 1689 Terms of precious metal adornment
QB/T 2997 Adornment with precious metal coating
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Gems
The general term for natural gems and artificial gems, which can be referred to as
gems.
3.1.1
Natural gems
Minerals or organic substances, which are produced in nature, are featured by beauty,
durability, rarity, have the value of craftsmanship, can be processed into ornaments.
It is divided into natural gemstones, natural jades, natural organic materials.
3.1.1.1
Natural gemstones
Single crystal of minerals (can contain twin crystals), which are produced in nature,
are featured by beauty, durability, rarity, can be processed into ornaments.
3.1.1.2
Natural jades
A mineral aggregate, which is produced in nature; is featured by beauty, durability,
rarity and technological value; can be processed into ornaments. A few of them are
amorphous.
3.1.1.3
Natural organic materials
The material, which has a direct relationship with natural creatures; is partly or
entirely composed of organic substances; can be used for ornaments.
Note: Cultured pearls ("pearls" for short) also fall under this category.
3.1.2
Manufactured products
Materials (except pure metal materials), that are wholly or partly artificially
produced or manufactured for use as ornaments. They are divided into synthetic
stones, artificial stones, composite stones, reconstructed stones.
3.1.2.1
Synthetic stones
The crystalline body, amorphous body or aggregate, which is completely or partially
artificially manufactured AND has known counterparts in nature. Its physical
properties, chemical composition, crystal structure are basically the same as the
corresponding natural gem. On the surface of gem, a thin layer with basically the
same composition and structure as the raw material is artificially regrown. This kind
of stone is also a synthetic stone, also known as synthetic gemstone overgrowth.
3.1.2.2
Artificial stones
A crystalline, amorphous, or aggregate, that is manufactured artificially AND has
Laser beams and chemicals are used, to remove dark inclusions inside a diamond,
leaving a tube, funnel or other shape of laser marks.
Note: Tubular or funnel-shaped laser marks are also called laser holes.
3.4.6
Filling or impregnation
Filling or impregnation the gaps, (open) fissures, cavities of gems, by the materials
such as colorless oils, waxes, glass or resins, OR pouring porous, multi-fissure gems,
to improve or change the clarity, appearance, durability of gems.
3.4.7
Coating
The surface of gem is covered with a thin film by coating, plating, or other methods,
to change the luster and color, thereby producing special effects or protecting the
gem.
3.4.8
High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) treatment
The processing of gem under high temperature and high pressure, which is mainly
used to improve or change the color of gem.
3.4.9
Dyeing
Infiltration of color-causing substances (such as colored oils, dyes, etc.) into gem,
to improve or change the color of gem.
3.4.10
Irradiation
Irradiation of gems, by the use of high-energy rays, to change the color of gems.
Note: Irradiation is often accompanied with additional heat treatment.
3.4.11
Diffusion
Under certain temperature conditions, foreign elements are introduced into gem to
change the color of gem or produce phenomena.
3.5
Gems ornaments
The products for decoration, which use gem as raw materials, through cutting,
carving, inlaying and other processing.
3.6
Classic names of gems
Mineralogy, petrology, material science, traditional gemological names of gems
varieties.
3.7
Trade names of gems
In the field of gem circulation, other names other than the classic names of gem,
which are widely used and generally recognized.
Note: Other names for gem, such as in local standards, etc.
4 Identification
The identification criteria of various gem varieties are based on GB/T 16553.
5 Naming rules and representation methods
5.1 Gems
5.1.1 General rules for naming
The naming of gem shall abide by the following rules:
a) It shall be determined, according to the classic names in Appendix A and the
various naming rules specified in this standard and the requirements of Appendix
B; marked in a prominent position, in the relevant quality documents.
b) Other minerals (rocks) and material names, which are not listed in Appendix A,
can be directly used as the name of gem.
c) The trade name of gem shall not be used alone. It may indicate “trade name: ×××”,
in the relevant quality documents. For example, Taishan jade in Shandong local
standards shall be named as serpentine, so it may note "trade name: Taishan jade"
c) The origin shall not be involved in the naming of natural organic materials, such
as: "Baltic Amber".
5.1.3 Manufactured products
5.1.3.1 Synthetic stones
The naming of synthetic stones shall abide by the following rules:
a) The word "synthesis" shall be added before the classic name of the corresponding
natural gem.
b) The name of the production plant and manufacturer shall not be used directly,
such as: "Chatham emerald" and "Linde emerald".
c) Names that are confusing or ambiguous shall not be used, such as: "Rubin stone",
"red corundum", "synthetic product".
d) Direct naming shall not be made using synthetic methods, such as "CVD
diamond" "HPHT diamond".
e) For regenerated stones, the word "synthetic" or "regenerated" shall be added
before the classic name of the corresponding natural gem. If a thin layer of green
synthetic crystal grows on the surface of a colorless natural crystal, it shall be
named "synthetic crystal" or "regenerated crystal".
5.1.3.2 Artificial stones
The naming of artificial gemstones shall abide by the following rules:
a) The word "artificial" shall be added before the name of the material, except for
"glass" and "plastic".
b) The name of the produc...