GB/T 16508.8-2022 English PDF (GBT16508.8-2022)

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GB/T 16508.8-2022: Shell boilers - Part 8: Operation
GB/T 16508.8-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.060.30
CCS J 98
Replacing GB/T 16508.8-2013
Shell boilers - Part 8: Operation
ISSUED ON: JULY 11, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols ... 8
4 Basic requirements ... 9
5 Preparation before operation ... 11
6 Start-up ... 14
7 Operation ... 16
8 Boiler shutdown ... 19
9 Inspection and maintenance ... 20
10 Troubleshooting ... 25
Bibliography ... 30
Shell boilers - Part 8: Operation
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic requirements for the operation and management of
shell boilers, as well as the requirements for preparation before operation, start-up,
operation, shutdown, inspection and maintenance, and troubleshooting.
This document applies to shell boilers defined in GB/T 16508.1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1576, Water quality for industrial boilers
GB/T 2900.48, Electrotechnical terminology of boilers
GB/T 12145, Quality criterion of water and steam for power plant and steam-
generating equipment
GB 13271, Emission standard of air pollutants for boiler
GB/T 16508.1, Shell boilers - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 34355, Steam and hot water boiler chemical cleaning regulation
GB/T 36699, Specification for liquid fuels and gaseous fuels burners of boilers
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.48
and GB/T 16508.1 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 boiler dry maintenance
dry measures that are taken on the heating surface of the boiler and the metal surface of
the steam-water system when the boiler is out of service
3.2 boiler wet maintenance
rise and there is no shortage of water.
e) When any of the following situations occur during the operation of the boiler, such
as leakage of pressure components, serious coking in the boiler, inability to
discharge slag, serious ash blockage in the tail flue, red burning of the boiler wall,
serious overheating of the metal on the heating surface, serious deterioration of
the quality of steam and water, etc., the boiler shall be stopped immediately from
running.
f) When the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the waste heat boiler and the
corrosiveness of the flue gas components exceeds the design range or the inlet
flue gas is not suitable for entering the waste heat boiler, the waste heat boiler
shall be isolated and the boiler shall be stopped.
4.2.3 Boiler water quality shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1576 or GB/T 12145.
4.2.4 The emission limits of air pollutants during boiler operation shall comply with the
provisions of GB 13271 and meet the environmental protection requirements of the area
where the boiler is used.
5 Preparation before operation
5.1 Boiler exterior inspection
5.1.1 The boiler proper, auxiliary equipment as well as supports and hangers shall be in
good condition.
5.1.2 The adjustment devices and baffles of the air duct and flue shall be in good
condition. The switch is flexible. The opening and closing instructions are correct.
5.1.3 The outer boiler wall and insulation of the boiler shall be in good condition.
5.1.4 The boiler door, ash door, fire door hole, explosion-proof door, and hand holes,
head holes, manholes, inspection door holes and other devices shall be in good
condition and closed tightly.
5.1.5 The settlement and cracking of the boiler foundation shall meet the requirements.
5.2 Boiler safety appurtenance and instrument inspection
5.2.1 The safety appurtenance and instruments shall be complete, in good condition,
and in the state of being put into use.
5.2.2 The pressure gauge shall indicate correctly. The water trap shall be normal. The
three-way cock of the pressure gauge can be opened and closed flexibly.
5.2.3 The water level gauge and its accessories shall ensure that the water level
indication is clearly visible. The connection valve and drain valve of the water level
gauge shall be opened and closed flexibly.
5.2.4 The temperature measuring device shall indicate correct.
5.2.5 The lead seals of safety valves and relief valves shall be in good condition. The
relief pipe is intact and unblocked to ensure safe relief. When the ambient temperature
of the boiler may be lower than 0°C, antifreeze measures shall be taken.
5.3 Energy efficiency monitoring device, energy meter inspection
The fuel consumption device, thermometer and flow meter shall be complete and in
good condition. The indication shall be correct.
5.4 Heating surface inspection
5.4.1 The outsourcing, insulation and sealing of the heating surface shall be in good
condition. When the inspection door and hole are closed, the seal shall be good.
5.4.2 When there is any doubt about whether there is any foreign matter or dust
accumulation on the flue air side of the economizer, air preheater and superheater, it
shall be checked to ensure the smooth flow of the flue.
5.5 Steam-water piping and valve inspection
The water supply (inlet) piping, steam piping, water outlet piping, return water piping,
drain piping and sewage piping of the boiler shall be unblocked. The support and
insulation of each piping shall be good. The valves on the piping shall be intact. The
opening-closing is flexible. The opening-closing and opening degree of the valve shall
be kept in the correct position.
5.6 Combustion equipment inspection
5.6.1 Combustion equipment shall be free from deformation and damage affecting
normal operation. The test run of the mechanical transmission device is normal. The
lubrication is good.
5.6.2 The grate shall be free from deformation and damage affecting normal operation.
There is appropriate gap between grate pieces. The operation is normal.
5.6.3 Liquid and gas fuel burners shall meet the following requirements:
a) Liquid fuel burner: the appearance is normal. Ignition devices, automatic
controllers, safety cut-off valves, flame monitoring devices, air pressure
monitoring devices, fuel pressure monitoring devices, oil pumps, oil heaters, oil
pressure gauges, oil temperature gauges, cocks, valves, joints, etc. are complete
and in good condition. There is no visible deformation, breakage, clogging or
leaking. The instrument indication is correct.
meets the operating requirements.
5.13 Flue and chimney inspection
When 2 or more boilers share one flue or chimney, the drafting force of each boiler
shall be balanced. The smoke exhaust pipe of each boiler shall be provided with flue
regulating device and required explosion-proof door separately. When some boilers are
turned on, measures shall be taken to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from
flowing backward.
6 Start-up
6.1 Boiler water supply
6.1.1 Water supply of steam boiler
6.1.1.1 Water shall be supplied in when the boiler water inlet valve is open. The water
inlet speed shall be in accordance with the requirements of the boiler instruction manual.
6.1.1.2 In t...