GB/T 16422.3-2022 English PDF (GBT16422.3-2022)

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GB/T 16422.3-2022: Plastics -- Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources -- Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
GB/T 16422.3-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 83.080.01
CCS G 31
GB/T 16422.3-2022 / ISO 4892-3:2016
Replacing GB/T 16422.3-2014
Plastics – Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
Light Sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
(ISO 4892-3:2016, IDT)
ISSUED ON: APRIL 15, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7
4 Principle ... 7
5 Apparatus ... 8
5.1 Laboratory light source ... 8
5.2 Test chamber ... 11
5.3 Radiometer ... 11
5.4 Black-panel/black-standard thermometer ... 11
5.5 Wetting ... 11
5.6 Specimen holders ... 12
5.7 Apparatus to assess changes in properties ... 13
6 Test Specimens ... 13
7 Test Conditions ... 13
7.1 Radiation ... 13
7.2 Temperature ... 13
7.3 Condensation and spray cycles ... 14
7.4 Cycles with dark periods ... 14
7.5 Sets of exposure conditions ... 14
8 Procedure ... 14
8.1 General ... 14
8.2 Mounting the test specimens ... 15
8.3 Exposure ... 15
8.4 Measurement of radiant exposure ... 15
8.5 Determination of changes in properties after exposure ... 16
9 Exposure Report ... 16
Annex A (Informative) Relative Irradiance of Typical Fluorescent UV Lamps ... 17
Bibliography ... 23
Plastics – Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
Light Sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
1 Scope
This Document specifies methods for exposing specimens to fluorescent UV radiation, heat and
water in apparatus designed to simulate the weathering effects that occur when materials are
exposed in actual end-use environments to global solar radiation, or to solar radiation through
window glass.
This Document is applicable to the specimens that are exposed to fluorescent UV lamps under
controlled environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and/or water). Different types of
fluorescent UV lamp can be used to meet all the requirements for testing different materials.
Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in other Standards for specific
materials.
General guidance is given in ISO 4892-1.
NOTE: Fluorescent UV lamp exposures for paints, varnishes and other coatings are described in GB/T
23987-2009.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
ISO 4582 Plastics – Determination of Changes in Color and Variations in Properties after
Exposure to Glass-Filtered Solar Radiation, Natural Weathering or Laboratory Radiation
Sources
NOTE: GB/T 15596-2021 Plastics – Determination of Changes in Color and Variations in
Properties after Exposure to Glass-Filtered Solar Radiation, Natural Weathering or Laboratory
Radiation Sources (ISO 4582:2017, IDT)
ISO 4892-1 Plastics – Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources – Part 1: General
Guidance
NOTE: GB/T 16422.1-2019 Plastics – Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources – Part 1:
General Guidance (ISO 4892-1:2016, IDT)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4892-1 apply.
4 Principle
4.1 Fluorescent UV lamps, when following the manufacturer’s recommendations for lamp
maintenance and/or rotation, may be used to simulate the spectral irradiance of global solar
radiation in the short wavelength ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum.
4.2 Specimens are exposed to various levels of UV radiation, heat and moisture (see 4.4) under
controlled environmental conditions.
4.3 The exposure conditions may be varied by selection of the following:
a) type of fluorescent UV lamp;
b) irradiance level;
c) temperature during the UV exposure;
d) type of wetting (see 4.4);
e) wetting temperature and cycle;
f) timing of the UV/dark cycle.
4.4 Wetting is usually produced by condensation of water vapor on to the exposed specimen
surface or by spraying the test specimens with demineralized/deionized water.
4.5 The procedure(s) may include measurement of the irradiance and the radiant exposure in
the plane of the specimen.
4.6 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed
simultaneously with the test specimens to provide a standard for comparative purposes.
4.7 Intercomparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different types of apparatus
or to different types of lamps should not be made unless an appropriate statistical relationship
has been established between the different types of equipment for the material to be tested.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Laboratory light source
5.1.1 Fluorescent UV lamps are fluorescent lamps in which radiant emission in the ultraviolet
region of the spectrum, i.e., below 400 nm, makes up at least 80 % of the total light output.
There are three types of fluorescent UV lamp used in this Document.
— UVA-340 (type 1A) fluorescent UV lamp: these lamps have a radiant emission below 300
nm of less than 1 % of the total light output, have an emission peak at 343 nm, and are more
commonly identified as UVA-340 for simulation of global solar radiation from 300 nm to 340
nm (see Table 1). Figure A.1 is a graph of spectral irradiance from 250 nm to 400 nm of a
typical UVA-340 (type 1A) fluorescent lamp compared to global solar radiation.
— UVA-351 (type 1B) fluorescent UV lamp: these lamps have a radiant emission below 310
nm of less than 1 % of the total light output, have a peak emission at 353 nm, and are more
commonly identified as UVA-351 for simulation of the UV portion of solar radiation behind
window glass (see Table 2). Figure A.2 is a graph of spectral irradiance from 250 nm to 400
nm of a typical UVA-351 (type 1B) fluorescent UV lamp compared to global solar radiation
filtered by window glass.
— UVB-313 (type 2) fluorescent UV lamp: these lamps are more commonly identified as
UVB-313 and have a radiant emission below 300 nm that is more than 10 % of the total output
and a peak emission at 313 nm (see Table 3). Figure A.3 is a graph of the spectral irradiance
from 250 nm to 400 nm of two typical UVB-313 (type 2) fluorescent lamps and FS40
fluorescent lamps compared to global solar radiation. UVB- 313 (type 2) lamps may be used
only by agreement between the parties concerned. Such agreement shall be stated in the test
report.
— Four different UV lamps used as one combination: these four different UV lamps are
used together as one combination with a suited filter. See Figure A.4.
NOTE 1: UVB-313 (type 2) lamps have a spectral distribution of radiation, which peaks near the 313 nm
mercury line and can emit radiation down to λ = 254 nm, which can initiate ageing processes that never
occur in end-use environments.
NOTE 2: The solar spectral irradiance for a number of different atmospheric conditions is described in
CIE Publication No. 85. The benchmark global solar radiation used in this Document is from CIE
Publication No. 85:1989, Table 4.
5.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, UVA-340 (type 1A) fluorescent UV lamps shall be used to
simulate the UV part of global solar radiation...