GB/T 150.4-2024 English PDF (GB/T150.4-2024)

GB/T 150.4-2024: Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance
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GB/T 150.4-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 150.4-2011
Pressure vessels - Part 4.Fabrication, inspection and testing,
and acceptance
ISSUED ON. JULY 24, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 11
1 Scope... 13
2 Normative references... 13
3 Terms and definitions... 15
4 General... 19
5 Material re-inspection, segmentation, mark transplantation... 23
6 Cold and hot forming and assembly... 25
7 Welding... 35
8 Heat treatment... 45
9 Test pieces and specimens... 55
10 Nondestructive testing... 60
11 Pressure test and leakage test... 67
12 Hot gas circulation test... 71
13 Exit-factory requirements for pressure vessels... 73
Appendix A (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of forged and welded pressure vessels... 76
Appendix B (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of shrink fit pressure vessels... 80
Appendix C (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of wrapped pressure vessels... 83
Appendix D (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of steel ribbon wound pressure vessels... 94
Appendix E (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of pressure vessels based on the design to prevent low-temperature brittle
fracture... 97
Pressure vessels - Part 4.Fabrication, inspection and testing,
and acceptance
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of
steel pressure vessels.
This document applies to the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of non-alloy steel, low
alloy steel or high alloy steel base layers in steel pressure vessels, composite plate
pressure vessels, lined pressure vessels, pressure vessels with cladding layers.
This document applies to single-layer welded (including pipe-made cylinder) pressure
vessels, forged welded pressure vessels, shrink fit pressure vessels, multi-layer wrapped
(including multi-layer cylinder segment wrapped, multi-layer integral wrapped)
pressure vessels, steel ribbon wound pressure vessels.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1.General requirements
GB/T 150.2-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 2.Materials
GB/T 150.3-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 3.Design
GB/T 151 Heat exchangers
GB/T 196 General purpose metric screw threads - Basic dimensions
GB/T 197 General purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1.Method of test at room
temperature
GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2.Method of test at elevated
temperature
Pressure vessel designed by simple fatigue analysis
Pressure vessels that have been successfully used, designed according to GB/T 150.3
and approved by the technical director of the design organization, supplemented
with fatigue analysis and assessment according to the analysis design, meanwhile
meet the relevant fabrication, inspection, acceptance requirements.
3.17
Weld metal replacement
For parts and components such as heads (including cones) that are first assembled
and then hot-formed, the operation of removing the original weld metal and re-
welding after the forming is completed.
4 General
4.1 Requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels
4.1.1 The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels of different structural
forms shall be subject to additional requirements based on the requirements for the
fabrication, inspection and acceptance of single-layer welded (including pipe-made
cylinder) pressure vessels.
a) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of forged and
welded pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix A;
b) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of shrink fit
pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix B;
c) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of wrapped
pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix C;
d) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of flat steel
ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix D.
4.1.2 Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure
vessels designed to prevent low-temperature brittle fracture shall be in accordance with
Appendix E.
4.1.3 For low-temperature pressure vessels made of chromium-nickel austenitic
stainless steel (design temperature below -196 °C), the parties involved in the
fabrication shall negotiate and stipulate additional requirements for fabrication,
inspection, acceptance; the design organization shall stipulate them in the design
documents.
4.2 Basis for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels
In addition to complying with the requirements of this document and design documents,
the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels shall also comply with the
following requirements.
a) The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of heat exchangers, spherical storage tanks,
tower vessels and horizontal vessels shall comply with GB/T 151, GB/T 12337,
NB/T 47041, NB/T 47042, respectively.
b) The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of non-ferrous metal linings, cladding
layers, composite plate claddings in pressure vessels shall comply with JB/T 4734,
NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, NB/T 47011, respectively.
4.3 Raw materials and parts and components (including self-made, outsourced,
purchased parts and components)
4.3.1 Raw materials
4.3.1.1 Plates, pipes, forgings, bars, composite plates shall comply with the following
requirements.
a) Plates, pipes, forgings, bars shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T
150.2, GB/T 151, GB/T 12337, JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756,
NB/T 47011, respectively. Material suppliers shall provide material exit-factory
heat treatment process parameters. When necessary, pressure vessel fabrication
organization may propose performance requirements for materials after simulated
minimum heat process treatment and/or simulated maximum heat process
treatment.
b) Composite plates shall comply with NB/T 47002 (all parts). When heat exchange
tubes are subjected to axial compressive stress, if composite plates are used to
fabricate tube sheets, requirements for the bonding strength of the composite
plates shall be put forward; bonding tests shall be carried out in accordance with
GB/T 6396 to determine the bonding strength.
c) Nonferrous metal lining parts shall be selected in accordance with the relevant
provisions of JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, NB/T 47011.
4.3.1.2 In addition to complying with NB/T 47018 (all parts), welding materials shall
also meet the requirements of GB/T 150.2.When necessary, the pressure vessel
fabrication organization may propose performance requirements for welding materials
after minimum thermal treatment and/or maximum thermal treatment.
4.3.2 Parts and components (including self-made, outsourced, purchased parts and
components)
4.3.2.1 In addition to complying with GB/T 25198, the additional requirements for
heads are as follows.
4.4 Fabrication environment
4.4.1 The fabrication of high-alloy steel pressure vessels should be carried out in a clean
and relatively independent environment.
4.4.2 The fabrication environment of nonferrous metal lining parts shall comply with
the relevant provisions of JB/T 4734, NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, NB/T 47011,
respectively.
4.5 Risk prevention and control in the fabrication process of pressure vessels
4.5.1 The fabrication organization shall complete the following work according to the
main failure modes, pressure vessel fabrication inspection requirements and
suggestions proposed in the risk assessment report.
a) Reasonably determine the fabrication, inspection process and quality plan;
b) Indicate the implementation of the failure prevention measures given in the risk
assessment report in the product quality certification document.
4.5.2 For pressure vessels for which the design organization has not issued a risk
assessment report or the risk assessment report issued does not fully consider the
fabrication risk, the fabrication organization shall assess the risk according to the
fabrication and inspection process of the pressure vessel and carry out effective control.
The technical measures shall at least include the following.
a) Evaluate the impact of the pressure vessel fabrication process on the material;
reasonably determine the requirements for the material performance in the
technical conditions for ordering materials (including welding materials).
When evaluating the impact of the pressure vessel fabrication process on the
material, the maximum thermal treatment process test or the maximum thermal
treatment + minimum thermal treatment process test shall be used, to determine the
impact of the thermal treatment in the fabrication process route and the possible
repair on the material performance.
b) Evaluate the requirements of the subsequent fabrication and inspection process of
the pressure vessel for the purchased finished parts and components; reasonably
formulate the technical conditions for ordering the purchased finished parts and
components.
When evaluating the requirements of the subsequent fabrication and inspection
process of the pressure vessel for the purchased finished parts and components, the
maximum thermal treatment process test or the maximum thermal treatment +
minimum thermal treatment process test may be used, to determine the impact of
the thermal treatment in the subsequent fabrication process route and the possible
repair on the material performance.
4.6 Design modification and material substitution
The fabrication organization shall obtain the written approval of the original design
organization (when the original design organization does not have the corresponding
design qualifications, it may entrust other design organizations with corresponding
design qualifications) for the modification of the design documents and the material
substitution of the pressure components in advance; make detailed records on the
completion drawings.
4.7 Use of new technologies and processes
When using new technologies, processes, methods for pressure vessel fabrication and
inspection that are not included in this document, the fabrication organization shall
conduct a technical review in accordance with the relevant safety technical
specifications before use.
4.8 Information management
Pressure vessel fabrication organization shall input the required relevant data in the
pressure vessel fabrication process into the special equipment information management
system, in a timely manner in accordance with the provisions of special equipment
information management.
5 Material re-inspection, segmentation, mark
transplantation
5.1 Material re-test
5.1.1 Raw material re-test
5.1.1.1 The following materials shall be re-tested.
a) Class IV forgings purchased for Class III pressure vessels;
b) Materials of main pressure components whose quality certificates cannot be
confirmed or whose performance and chemical composition are in doubt;
c) Foreign designation materials used to fabricate main pressure components;
d) Materials required to be retested by design documents.
5.1.1.2 When retesting materials, the chemical composition shall be retested by furnace
number; the mechanical properties shall be retested by heat treatment batch number.
5.1.1.3 The results of material retest shall comply with the provisions of the
corresponding material standards or the requirements of design documents.
5.1.2 Retesting of welding materials
5.1.2.1 For welding materials whose quality certificates cannot be confirmed or whose
performance and chemical composition are in doubt, the chemical composition and
mechanical properties of the deposited metal shall be retested by batch; the retest results
shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding welding material standards or
the requirements of design documents.
5.1.2.2 Flux-cored welding wires used for welding pressure components shall be
retested for chemical composition and mechanical properties of deposited metal in
batches. The chemical composition of deposited metal shall comply with the provisions
of relevant standards; the impact absorption energy shall comply with the provisions of
the corresponding welding rods (with the same minimum tensile strength code and
chemical composition classification code) in NB/T 47018.2.
5.1.2.3 Welding materials for pressure components made of low alloy steel with a
standard tensile strength lower limit greater than 540 MPa or pressure vessels with a
design temperature lower than -40 °C shall be retested for chemical composition of
deposited metal in batches. The phosphorus content in the deposited metal shall not
exceed 0.020% and the sulfur content shall not exceed 0.010%.
5.1.2.4 The fabrication organization shall retest the diffusible hydrogen content of the
deposited metal of the following welding materials in batches, using the mercury
method or thermal conductivity method in GB/T 3965...