GB/T 1479.1-2011 English PDF (GBT1479.1-2011)

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GB/T 1479.1-2011: Metallic powders -- Determination of apparent density -- Part 1: Funnel method
GB/T 1479.1-2011
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.160
H 16
GB/T 1479.1-2011 / ISO 3923-1:2008
Replacing GB/T 1479-1984
Metallic powders - Determination of apparent density - Part
1: Funnel method
(ISO 3923-1:2008, IDT)
ISSUED ON: MAY 12, 2011
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 1, 2012
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Principles ... 5
4 Symbols and definitions ... 5
5 Instruments ... 6
6 Samples ... 6
7 Steps ... 7
8 Presentation of results ... 7
9 Precision ... 7
10 Inspection report ... 8
Metallic powders - Determination of apparent density - Part
1: Funnel method
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 1479 specifies the method for measuring the apparent density of
metal powders with a funnel under standard conditions.
This part applies to metal powders that can flow freely through a funnel with a pore
diameter of 2.5 mm. If the powder is difficult to pass through a pore with a diameter of
2.5 mm but can flow freely through a 5.0 mm pore, this method can also be used.
Part 2 of this standard (see GB/T 1479.2) specifies the apparent density measuring
method for powders that cannot pass through a 5.0 mm pore.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
referenced documents, only the versions with the indicated dates are applicable to this
document; for the undated referenced documents, only the latest versions (including all
the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 1479.2 Metallic powders - Determination of apparent density - Part 2: Scott
volumeter method (ISO 3923-2:1981, IDT)
3 Principles
This part describes the measurement of the mass of the powder that in a loose condition
completely fills a measuring cup with a known volume. The funnel is placed at a certain
distance above the measuring cup, and the powder falls freely from the funnel into the
measuring cup to obtain the loose state.
4 Symbols and definitions
The symbols and definitions involved in this standard are shown in Table 1.
powder shall be dried. However, if the powder is easy to oxidize, it shall be dried under
the protection of a vacuum or inert atmosphere. If the powder contains volatile
substances, drying is not allowed.
7 Steps
7.1 Pour the powder into a funnel with a pore diameter of 2.5 mm and let the powder
flow directly into the measuring cup from the small hole until the measuring cup is
completely filled and the powder overflows. Level the powder with a non-magnetic
straight edge, but do not compress the powder, and take care not to shake and vibrate
the measuring cup.
7.2 If the powder cannot flow through the funnel, a funnel with the 5 mm pore shall be
selected. If the powder still cannot flow through, it is allowed to poke the powder once
from the top of the funnel with a metal wire with a diameter of 1 mm; however, take
care that the metal wire cannot enter into the measuring cup.
7.3 After leveling the powder, tap the measuring cup to settle the powder, so as to avoid
the powder overflowing during the movement and ensure that there is no powder
sticking to the external surface of the cup.
7.4 Measure the mass of the powder, and the result shall be accurate to 0.01 g.
7.5 Take the arithmetic mean of three determination results as the final result.
8 Presentation of results
The apparent density is calculated by the following formula:
Take the arithmetic mean of the three determination results as the final result, accurate
to 0.01 g/cm3. When the difference between the three determination results exceeds 1%
of the mean, the maximum and minimum values shall also be reported with the final
result.
9 Precision
9.1 Repeatability
The same operator carries out two determinations with the same instrument and the
same batch of powder; if at a 95% confidence level, the difference between the two
determination results exceeds 0.03 g/cm3, the results are not credible.
9.2 Reproducibility
The same batch of powder is tested in two different laboratories; if at a 95% confidence
level, the difference between the determination results exceeds 0.05 g/cm3, the results
are not credible.
10 Inspection report
The inspection report shall include the following contents:
a) the standard number;
b) the detailed description required for the qualification of the sample;
c) If the powder is dried, the drying process shall be indicated;
d) The nominal size of the pore diameter shall be indicated; if a metal wire is used,
it shall be indicated;
e) the results obtained;
f) all other operations that are not specified in this part or optional;
g) any factors that may have affected the results.