GB/T 14454.13-2008 English PDF (GB/T14454.13-2008)

GB/T 14454.13-2008: Fragrance/Flavor substances -- Determination of carbonyl value and carbonyl compounds content
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GB/T 14454.13-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.100.60
Y 41
Replacing GB/T 14454.13-1993, GB/T 14454.16~14454.17-1993
Fragrance/Flavor substances - Determination of
carbonyl value and carbonyl compounds content
(ISO 1271:1983, Essential oils - Determination of carbonyl value - Free
hydroxylamine method; ISO 1279:1996, Essential oils - Determination of carbonyl
value - Potentiometric methods using hydroxylammonium chloride, MOD)
ISSUED ON: JULY 15, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2008
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the PRC;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 6 
3 Terms and definitions ... 6 
4 Method of cold oximation with hydroxylammonium chloride ... 6 
5 Method of hot oximation with hydroxylammonium chloride ... 9 
6 Test report ... 11 
7 Principle ... 11 
8 Reagents ... 11 
9 Apparatus ... 12 
10 Operating procedure ... 12 
11 Expression of results ... 13 
12 Test report... 14 
13 Principle ... 15 
14 Reagents ... 15 
15 Apparatus ... 15 
16 Operating procedure ... 15 
17 Expression of results ... 16 
18 Test report... 17 
Annex A (Normative) Operating procedure for determination of strongly colored
fragrance/flavor substances ... 18 
Annex B (Informative) Molecular weight and reaction time of some carbonyl
compounds ... 19 
Fragrance/Flavor substances - Determination of
carbonyl value and carbonyl compounds content
1 Scope
Method I of this Part of GB/T 14454 specifies the method for determination of
the carbonyl value of essential oils and the carbonyl compounds content in
isolated and synthetic fragrance/flavor substances using hydroxylammonium
chloride.
A cold oximation reaction with hydroxylammonium chloride of this method
applies to fragrance/flavor substances whose main constituents are easily
oximable aldehydes and ketones, with the exception of citronellal which needs
a low temperature to avoid cyclization phenomena and acetalization. A hot
oximation reaction with hydroxylammonium chloride applies to fragrance/flavor
substances whose main constituents are ketones which are in general oximable
only with difficulty.
Note 1: For the determination of essential oil containing citronellal, use free hydroxylamine
method. See Method II.
Note 2: Examples of essential oils concerned containing oximable aldehydes or ketones
are lemongrass, hesperydus and rue oils.
Note 3: Examples of essential oils concerned are vetiver, Dalmation sage and white
artemisia oils which contain methylketones oximable only with difficulty.
Method II of this Part of GB/T 14454 specifies the method for determination of
the carbonyl value of essential oils and the carbonyl compounds content in
isolated and synthetic fragrance/flavor substances using free hydroxylamine
method.
This method applies to fragrance/flavor substances which contain carbonyl
compounds (especially ketones, excluding methylketones) which are difficult to
convert to oximes by the method specified in Method I. The method is not
applicable to fragrance/flavor substances which contain substantial amounts of
esters or other alkali-sensitive constituents.
Method III of this Part of GB/T 14454 specifies the method for determination of
the carbonyl compounds content in fragrance/flavor substances using the
neutral sodium sulfite method. It is applicable to the determination of the content
of carbonyl compounds in aldehyde and certain ketone fragrance/flavor
Conversion of the carbonyl compounds to oximes by reaction with
hydroxylammonium chloride.
USE sodium hydroxide standard solution to titrate the hydrochloric acid
released by this reaction. [Translator note: “potassium hydroxide standard
solution”?]
4.2 Reagents
The reagents used are all analytically pure reagents. The water is distilled water
or water of equivalent purity. Unless otherwise specified, the preparation
method shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 14454.14.
4.2.1 Sodium hydroxide standard solution, c(KOH)=0.5 mol/L.
4.2.2 Bromophenol blue indicator solution.
4.2.3 Hydroxylammonium chloride solution.
4.3 Apparatus
Usual laboratory equipment and, in particular, the following.
4.3.1 Beaker, of capacity 100 mL, tall form.
4.3.2 Conical flask, of capacity 250 mL.
4.3.3 pH meter.
4.3.4 Glass electrode.
4.3.5 Burette, with a capacity of 50 mL and a scale of 0.1 mL.
4.4 Operating procedure
4.4.1 Preparation of test sample
According to the requirements of GB/T 14454.1.
4.4.2 Test portion
WEIGH 1 g~1.5 g of fragrance/flavor substance in a tall-form beaker (4.3.1) or
conical flask (4.3.2), accurate to 0.0002 g.
Note: If the test sample should be larger, this will be stated in the appropriate product
standard for the fragrance/flavor substance concerned.
4.4.3 Determination
The meanings of V, c, and m are the same as formula (1).
The tolerance of the parallel test results:
1.0 for the carbonyl value; 0.5% for the carbonyl compounds content.
5 Method of hot oximation with hydroxylammonium
chloride
5.1 Principle
Conversion of the carbonyl compounds to oximes by reaction with
hydroxylammonium chloride.
USE sodium hydroxide solution to titrate the hydrochloric acid released by this
reaction. [Translator note: “potassium hydroxide standard solution”?]
5.2 Reagents
Same as 4.2.
5.3 Apparatus
Usual laboratory equipment and, in particular, the following.
5.3.1 Burette, with a capacity of 50 mL and a scale of 0.1 mL.
5.3.2 Beaker, of capacity 100 mL, tall form.
5.3.3 Saponification bottle, made of alkali-resistant glass, with frosted bottle
mouth. The capacity is 100 mL~250 mL. It is fitted with a frosted-mouth glass
air condenser with a length of at least 1 m and an inner diameter of 1 cm~1.5
cm.
5.3.4 pH meter.
5.3.5 Glass electrode.
5.3.6 Heater with magnetic stirrer.
5.4 Operating procedure
5.4.1 Preparation of test sample
According to the requirements of GB/T 14454.1.
5.4.2 Test portion
WEIGH 2 g~2.5 g of fragrance/flavor substance into the saponification bottle
(5.3.3), accurate to 0.0002 g. See the note to 4.4.2.
5.4.3 Determination
ADD 50 mL of hydroxylammonium chloride solution (4.2.3) to the test portion
(5.4.2). ADD 3 drops of bromophenol blue indicator solution (4.2.2) and mix
thoroughly. USE sodium hydroxide standard solution (4.2.1) to titrate to the
same yellow-green color as hydroxylammonium chloride solution (4.2.3).
Connect the saponification bottle to the reflux tube. PUT the saponification
bottle on the heater (5.3.6) and heat with stirring, to make the temperature
appropriate enough to maintain a constant reflux. After 10 min, cool, add 3
drops of bromophenol blue indicator solution (4.2.2); USE sodium hydroxide
standard solution (4.2.1) to titrate slowly to the same yellow-green color as
hydroxylammonium chloride solution (4.2.3). PUT the saponification bottle on
the heater. REPEAT this operation every 10 min, until the sodium hydroxide
standard solution added can ensure that the end of the titration has been
reached.
Note 1: When the color of the sample is dark, or its own color may interfere with the
judgment of the end point, the potentiometric titration method shall be used. ADD
50 mL of hydroxylammonium chloride solution (4.2.3) to the test portion (5.4.2) and
mix thoroughly. INSERT a glass electrode (5.3.5) into the solution. USE sodium
hydroxide standard solution (4.2.1) to titrate, until the pH value of the solution is
less than 4.20. Connect the saponification bottle to the reflux tube. PUT the
saponification bottle on the heater (5.3.6) and heat with stirring, to make the
temperature appropriate enough to maintain a constant reflux. After 10 min, cool,
add 3 drops of bromophenol blue indicator solution (4.2.2); USE sodium hydroxide
standard solution (4.2.1) to titrate slowly, until the pH value of the solution is less
than 4.20. During the determination, make sure that the pH value does not exceed
4.20. When the color of the solution starts to change, stop the titration. PUT the
saponification bottle on the heater. REPEAT this operation every 10 min, until the
sodium hydroxide standard solution added can ensure that the end of the titration
has been reached.
Note 2: The determination time is usually 2 h. But for some fragrance/flavor substances,
this time is not enough. In this case, continue to determine, until the equivalence
point appears. USE the volume of the potassium hydroxide standard solution (4.2.1)
used in the titration process as a function; DRAW a pH graph: pH=f(V). RECORD
the equivalence point.
5.4.4 Expression of results
8.3 Hydroxylamine solution.
9 Apparatus
Usual laboratory equipment and, in particular, the following.
9.1 For the two operating techniques (colorimetric titration and
potentiometric titration)
9.1.1 Saponification bottle, made of alkali-resistant glass, with frosted bottle
mouth. The capacity is 100 mL~250 mL. It is fitted with a frosted-mouth glass
air condenser with a length of at least 1 m and an inner diameter of 1 cm~1.5
cm.
9.1.2 Burettes, with capacities of 50 mL and 100 mL and a scale of 0.1 mL.
9.1.3 Analytical balance.
9.2 For the potentiometric titration
9.2.1 Potentiometer (preferably recording potentiometer), with combined glass
electrodes.
9.2.2 Magnetic stirrer.
10 Operating procedure
10.1 Preparation of test sample
According to the requirements of GB/T 14454.1.
10.2 Test portion
WEIGH the sample in a saponification bottle (9.1.1), accurate to 0.0002 g. The
amount of sample to be weighed will be specified in the product standard for
the fragrance/flavor substance concerned.
10.3 Blank test
Simultaneously with the determination, carry out a blank test using the same
reagents and following the same procedure, but omitting the test portion.
If the technique by potentiometric titration is used (see 10.4.2), it is important
that the blank test is performed immediately, in order to operate at the same
temperature.
10.4 Determination
10.4.1 Colorimetric titration
USE a burette (9.1.2) to accurately add 75 mL of hydroxylamine solution (8.3)
to a saponification bottle (9.1.1) containing the test portion (10.2); MIX well.
Allow the saponification bottle containing the mixture to stand at room
temperature, or boil under reflux. The time for standing or reflux is specified in
the product standard for the fragrance/flavor substance concerned. If boiling
reflux is carried out, before removing the reflux condenser, it shall cool rapidly.
ADD 3 drops of bromophenol blue indicator solution (8.2); USE hydrochloric
acid standard solution (8.1) to titrate, until the solution is greenish-yellow.
Titration shall be performed in a place with sufficient natural light.
Note: This method is applicable to lightly colored fragrance/flavor substances. For strongly
colored fragrance/flavor substances, the potentiometric method specified in 10.4.2
or, if a potentiometer is not available, the modified procedure described in Annex A
should be used.
10.4.2 Potentiometric titration
USE a burette (9.1.2) to accurately add 75 mL of hydroxylamine solution (8.3)
to a saponification bottle (9.1.1) containing the test portion (10.2); MIX well.
Allow the saponification bottle containing the mixture to stand at room
temperature, or boil under reflux. The time for standing or reflux is specified in
the product standard for the fragrance/flavor substance concerned. If boiling
reflux is carried out, before removing the reflux condenser, it shall cool rapidly.
Titrate potentiometrically with the hydrochloric acid standard solution (8.1),
while stirring with the magnetic stirrer (9.2.2). The use of a recording
potentiometer will greatly simplify this operation.
Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid solution used at the equivalence point
from the titration curve or from readings of the change in pH. It must be
emphasized that, the pH value at the end point is related to the fragrance/flavor
substance being tested and is not always the same.
For the molecular weight and reaction time of some carbonyl compounds, see
Annex B.
11 Expression of results
The carbonyl value C, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram
of essential oil, is given by the formula (3):
of the sample.
Method III -- Neutral sodium sulfite method
13 Principle
Neutral sodium sulfite solution and aldehyde or ketone are reacted in a boiling
water bath, to release sodium hydroxide. Gradually use an acid to neutralize to
make the reaction complete.
14 Reagents
The reagents used are all analytically pure reagents. The water is distilled water
or water of equivalent purity. Unless otherwise specified, the preparation
method shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 14454.14.
14.1 Neutral sodium sulfite saturated solution: USE phenolphthalein as the
indicator solution; ADD sodium bisulfite solution (30%) to the clear sodium
sulfite saturated solution to make it neutral. The reagent shall be freshly
prepared and filtered when used.
14.2 Acetic acid aqueous solution (1 : 1).
14.3 Phenolphthalein indicator solution.
15 Apparatus
Usual laboratory equipment and, in particular, the following.
15.1 Aldehyde bottle, 150 mL. Neck length is about 150 mm, with 10 mL scale
and 0.1 mL scale graduation. The zero line of the scale shall be slightly higher
than the bottom of the cylindrical neck. The angle formed by the conical wall
and the vertical neck is about 30°.
15.2 Pipette, 10 mL.
15.3 Boiling water bath.
16 Operating procedure
16.1 Preparation of test sample
Annex A
(Normative)
Operating procedure for determination of strongly colored
fragrance/flavor substances
When the potentiometric titration method cannot be used for the determination
of strongly colored fragrance/flavor substan...