GB/T 12541-2023 English PDF (GBT12541-2023)

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GB/T 12541-2023: Motor vehicles passing capacity test method
GB/T 12541-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 04
Replacing GB/T 12541-1990
Motor Vehicles Passing Capacity Test Method
ISSUED ON: MAY 23, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Test Conditions ... 6
5 Test Methods ... 7
6 Test Data Record ... 20
7 Test Report ... 20
Appendix A (informative) Corresponding Test Items of Vehicle Models ... 21
Appendix B (informative) Test Result Record Tables ... 22
Appendix C (normative) Table of Terrain Passing Capability Facility Characteristics
... 27
Appendix D (normative) Basic Principle of Soft Ground Selection for Soft Ground
Passing Capability Test ... 29
Motor Vehicles Passing Capacity Test Method
1 Scope
This document describes the test conditions and test methods for the passing capability
parameter, terrain passing capability and soft ground passing capability of automobiles.
This document is applicable to Category-M, Category-N and Category-G vehicles. Other
vehicle models may take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and
Definitions
GB/T 12534 Motor Vehicles - General Rules of Road Test Method
GB/T 12673 Motor Vehicle Main Dimensions Measurement Method
GB/T 15089 Classification of Power-driven Vehicle and Trailers
GB 18384 Electric Vehicles Safety Requirements
GB 38032 Electric Buses Safety Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 3730.3, GB/T 12673 and GB/T 15089, and the following terms and
definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 passing capability parameter
Passing capability parameter is an objective parameter index of vehicle passing capability.
Example: approach angle, departure angle, minimum ground clearance, ramp breakover angle and
transverse passing radius.
3.2 terrain passing capability
Terrain passing capability refers to a vehicle’s capability of passing certain terrains (such as:
vertical obstacles, convex ridges, horizontal ditches, road ditches, craters, twisted roads, wading
pools, side slopes and ramps, etc.).
3.3 soft ground passing capability
Soft ground passing capability refers to a vehicle’s capability of passing certain soft grounds
(such as: sandy lands, plowed lands, muddy lands, swampy lands, rice fields and snowfields,
etc.).
3.4 lateral passing radius
Lateral passing radius refers to the maximum arc radius formed by the projection on the X
datum plane between the inside ground contact point of the left and right wheels of the same
axle and a certain low point of the chassis under the static condition of the vehicle.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 General Rule
4.1.1 Vehicle preparation and test meteorological conditions shall comply with the stipulations
of GB/T 12534.
4.1.2 The amount of wear on the tread pattern of the test vehicle shall not exceed 1/5 of the
original thread height.
4.1.3 When the same model has different tyre models, the vehicle equipped with tyres with the
smallest diameter shall be selected for the test.
4.1.4 Adjust the tyre pressure of the test vehicle to the pressure value required by design, when
equipped with adjustable pressure tyres, in accordance with the manufacturer’s design
requirements, adjust to the appropriate pressure.
4.1.5 For vehicles equipped with adjustable suspension, adjust the test vehicle to the suspension
state required by the manufacturer.
4.1.6 The test vehicle shall be loaded in accordance with the maximum design total mass, axle
load and wheel load specified by the manufacturer.
4.2 Measurement Parameters and Accuracy
The measurement parameters and accuracy are shown in Table 1.
5.2.1.3 If there is no special requirement from the manufacturer, adjust the vehicle to the
maximum design total mass state.
5.2.2 Vertical obstacles
5.2.2.1 The vehicle can drive up / down the vertical obstacles in forward gear and up / down
the vertical obstacles in reverse gear.
5.2.2.2 Place the manual transmission in the lowest forward gear / reverse gear. If there is an
auxiliary transmission gear, place it also in the lowest forward gear. Place the automatic
transmission in the forward gear / reverse gear (or in accordance with the manufacturer’s design
requirements) and adjust the all-wheel drive vehicle to the all-wheel drive state.
5.2.2.3 When driving on a vertical obstacle, drive the vehicle at a speed not greater than 5 km/h,
until the wheels approach the vertical obstacle, then, brake and stop, keep the gear unchanged,
release the brake pedal, select an appropriate throttle opening, and drive forward / reverse on
the vertical obstacle.
5.2.2.4 When driving down a vertical obstacle, drive the vehicle at a speed not greater than 5
km/h, until the wheels approach the vertical obstacle, then, brake and stop, keep the gear
unchanged, appropriately adjust the brake pedal force, and slowly drive forward / reverse down
the vertical obstacle.
5.2.2.5 Observe the movement of the vehicle and whether its components are in contact or
collide with terrain facilities, or interfere with each other during the process of passing the
vertical obstacle.
5.2.2.6 During the process of the vehicle passing the vertical obstacle, if the vehicle, except the
wheels, does not contact or collide with the vertical obstacle, or there is no inter-component
interference, and in the parking inspection after passing, there is no collision damage of
components, damage or looseness of connectors, and abnormal operation of the assembly, etc.,
then, vertical obstacles with other parameters can be chosen; repeat 5.2.2.2 ~ 5.2.2.5, until
reaching or approaching the maximum value that can be passed; record the passing conditions
in the corresponding record table (see Table B.3).
5.2.2.7 During the process of the vehicle passing the vertical obstacle, if the vehicle, except the
wheels, does contact or collide with the vertical obstacle, or there is inter-component
interference, or if there is a failure in passing, or in the parking inspection after passing, there
is collision damage of components, damage or looseness of connects, and abnormal operation
of the assembly, etc., after analyzing the causes and recovering the vehicle to the normal state,
in accordance with Appendix C, re-select the height of the vertical obstacle and in accordance
with 5.2.2.2 ~ 5.2.2.6, re-conduct the test.
5.2.3 Convex ridges, horizontal ditches, road ditches, craters and twisted roads
5.2.3.1 Place the manual transmission in the lowest gear, and if there is an auxiliary transmission
gear, place it also in the lowest gear. Place the automatic transmission in the forward gear (or
in accordance with the manufacturer’s design requirements), and adjust the all-wheel drive
vehicle to the all-wheel drive state.
5.2.3.2 Drive the vehicle at a speed not greater than 5 km/h...