GB 55003-2021 English PDF

GB 55003-2021: Code for design of building foundation
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GB 55003-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC
P GB 55003-2021
General code for building and municipal foundations
ISSUED ON: APRIL 09, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2022
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4 
1 General ... 7 
2 Basic provisions ... 8 
2.1 Basic requirements... 8 
2.2 Design ... 9 
2.3 Construction and acceptance ... 12 
3 Requirements for survey results ... 14 
3.1 General requirements... 14 
3.2 Specific requirements ... 14 
4 Natural foundation and treated foundation ... 17 
4.1 General provisions ... 17 
4.2 Foundation design ... 17 
4.3 Special rock foundation design ... 18 
4.4 Construction and acceptance ... 19 
5 Pile foundation ... 22 
5.1 General provisions ... 22 
5.2 Design of pile foundation ... 22 
5.3 Pile foundation design for special rock and soil ... 25 
5.4 Construction and acceptance ... 26 
6 Foundation ... 28 
6.1 General provisions ... 28 
6.2 Design of extended foundation ... 28 
6.3 Design of raft foundation ... 29 
6.4 Construction and acceptance ... 30 
7 Foundation pit engineering ... 32 
7.1 General provisions ... 32 
7.2 Design of supporting structure ... 32 
7.3 Groundwater control design ... 34 
7.4 Construction and acceptance ... 35 
8 Slope engineering ... 39 
8.1 General provisions ... 39 
8.2 Design of retaining structure ... 40 
8.3 Slope engineering drainage and slope protection design ... 41 
8.4 Construction and acceptance ... 41 
General code for building and municipal foundations
1 General
1.0.1 In order to implement the building policy in the construction of foundation
projects, ensure the safety of foundations and superstructures, meet the needs
of normal use of construction projects, protect the ecological environment,
promote green development, this Code is hereby formulated.
1.0.2 This Code must be implemented for foundation engineering.
1.0.3 Whether the technical methods and measures, which are adopted in the
engineering construction, meet the requirements of this Code, shall be
determined by the relevant responsible entities. Among them, innovative
technical methods and measures shall be demonstrated AND meet the relevant
performance requirements in this Code.
2 Basic provisions
2.1 Basic requirements
2.1.1 The foundation shall meet the following functional requirements:
1 The foundation shall have the bearing capacity and stiffness, to transfer
the superstructure load to the foundation;
2 Under the various functions and combinations of the superstructure, the
foundation shall not be unstable
3 The settlement and deformation of the foundation shall not affect the
function and normal use of the superstructure;
4 Has sufficient durability;
5 The foundation pit project shall ensure the safety and normal use of the
supporting structure, surrounding buildings (structures), underground
pipelines, roads, urban rail transit and other municipal facilities. It shall
ensure the construction space and safety of the main underground
structure;
6 The slope engineering shall ensure the safe and normal use of supporting
structures, surrounding buildings (structures), roads, bridges, municipal
pipelines and other municipal facilities.
2.1.2 Geotechnical engineering survey shall be carried out, before the design
of foundation engineering. The results of geotechnical engineering survey shall
meet the requirements of foundation design, construction and acceptance.
2.1.3 The foundation design shall select a reasonable plan, according to the
structure type, action and combination of actions, survey results, environmental
conditions and construction conditions of the proposed site. The design
calculation shall have correct principles and clear concepts. The selection of
calculation parameters shall conform to the actual working conditions. The
design and calculation results shall be true and reliable. The analysis and
judgment shall be correct.
2.1.4 The design service life of the foundation shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The design service life of the base and foundation shall not be less than
the design service life of the superstructure;
2 For the engineering design of the foundation pit, it shall specify the service
life; the design service life shall not be less than 1 year;
3 The design service life of the slope project shall not be less than the design
service life of the protected buildings (structures), roads, bridges,
municipal pipelines and other municipal facilities.
2.1.5 Within the design service life of base and foundation, the foundation
engineering materials, components, geotechnical properties shall meet the
requirements of safety, applicability, durability.
2.1.6 The construction of foundation works shall adopt materials, components,
equipment, that have passed quality inspections. The construction plan shall be
formulated, according to the design requirements and engineering needs. The
construction quality control and engineering monitoring shall be carried out.
Engineering monitoring shall ensure the integrity, authenticity, reliability of the
data.
2.1.7 Measures shall be taken, to control vibration, noise, dust, waste water,
waste, toxic and hazardous substances, to prevent their hazards to the
engineering site, surrounding environment, human health, in the construction
of foundation engineering.
2.1.8 When the groundwater level changes adversely affect the safety of the
construction project and the surrounding environment, it shall take safe and
effective disposal measures.
2.1.9 For the groundwater control projects, it shall take measures to prevent the
deterioration of groundwater quality. It shall not cause the mixing of
groundwater of different water quality categories. It shall neither endanger the
safety of surrounding buildings (structures), underground pipelines, roads,
urban rail transit and other municipal facilities, nor affect its normal use.
2.1.10 For construction sites with special rock and soil, adverse geological
effects and geological disasters, it shall ascertain the situation, analyze its
impact on the ecological environment and the proposed project, propose
countermeasures, evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures.
2.2 Design
2.2.1 Foundation engineering shall be designed, according to the design
service life, the environmental category of the proposed site, the overall geology
of the site and the survey results, the action and action combination of the
foundation. It shall propose the construction and acceptance requirements,
engineering monitoring requirements, maintenance requirements during
3 Requirements for survey results
3.1 General requirements
3.1.1 The geotechnical survey results of the proposed site shall include the
following contents:
1 The topography, geomorphology, geological structure conditions of the
proposed site; the classification and distribution of the foundation rock and
soil;
2 Physical and mechanical indexes of rock and soil;
3 The buried conditions, types, water levels, changes of groundwater, within
the scope of influence of the foundation;
4 The analysis and judgment of the corrosiveness of the foundation soil and
groundwater, to the foundation and the main building materials of the
foundation;
5 Earthquake effect evaluation of site and foundation;
6 Evaluation of site stability and suitability of project construction.
3.1.2 For the geotechnical engineering survey, it shall integrate the
geotechnical characteristics and distribution of the proposed site, the design
conditions of the proposed project, to provide the geotechnical design
parameters and the recommended value of the foundation bearing capacity;
propose the recommendations on the base and foundation, as well as the
recommendations on the type selection of foundation pit supporting system and
side slope retaining system.
3.2 Specific requirements
3.2.1 When there are special rocks and soils on the site and foundation, the
geotechnical engineering survey results shall not only meet the requirements
of clause 3.1 of this Code, but also include the following contents:
1 For collapsible soil, it shall determine the collapsibility grade; judge the type
of collapsibility and the lower limit depth of collapsibility;
2 For permafrost, it shall determine the thawing subsidence grade and frost
heaving grade; judge the possibility of existence of unfavorable geological
actions, such as thick underground ice, ice cones, ice dunes, frozen soil
swamps, thermal thawing landslides, thermal thawing lake ponds,
freezing and thawing mud flows;
3 For expansive soils, it shall measure the expansion force; calculate the
expansion deformation, contraction deformation, expansion and
contraction deformation; determine the expansion and contraction level,
atmospheric influence depth, site type;
4 For salt collapsed soil, it shall determine the content of easily soluble salt
AND the type of salt content; evaluate the sinkability, salt swelling,
corrosiveness;
5 For red clay, it shall clarify the primary or secondary type; analyze the
characteristics of fracture development; evaluate the uniformity of the
foundation;
6 For the fill, it shall ascertain the method and formation time of the fill or
filling; analyze the nature and distribution range of the fill; evaluate the
compactness, uniformity, stability of the fill foundation;
7 For soft soils, it shall ascertain the cause type and distribution
characteristics; analyze the consolidation history, structure, sensitivity;
evaluate the stability and uniformity of the soft soil foundation;
8 For weathered rock and residual soil, it shall ascertain the nature of the
parent rock and the degree of weathering; judge the distribution of dikes
and boulders; evaluate the uniformity of the weathered rock;
9 For contaminated soil sites, it shall investigate the source of pollution,
pollution history, pollution pathways, pollutant components, impact of
pollution; ascertain the spatial distribution of contaminated soil; evaluate
its hazards.
3.2.2 When there are unfavorable geological effects and geological disasters in
the proposed site and its vicinity, the geotechnical engineering survey results
shall not only meet the requirements of clause 3.1 of this Code, but also include
the following contents:
1 It shall identify the types, causes, distribution of adverse geological effects,
as well as potential geological disasters; analyze their harm to the project;
2 For karst caves, earth caves and other caves, it shall evaluate their stability
and impact on the project; propose the prevention and control measures;
3 For potential geological hazards, such as collapses, landslides, mudslides,
it shall ascertain the conditions for their formation; analyze their possible
development and impact; propose the prevention requirements and
4 Natural foundation and treated foundation
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 The foundation design shall meet the following requirements:
1 Foundation calculation shall meet the requirements of bearing capacity
calculation;
2 Engineering structures, that have control requirements for foundation
deformation, shall be designed, according to foundation deformation;
3 For engineering structures, which are subject to horizontal loads, OR
engineering structures, which are located on slopes, it shall carry out the
verification of foundation stability.
4.1.2 After excavation of the foundation trench (pit) to the design elevation, it
shall carry out the inspection of foundation trench (pit).
4.1.3 The treated foundation shall be evaluated for the bearing capacity and
deformation of the foundation, as well as the evaluation of foundation uniformity
within the treatment range and the effective reinforcing depth. The composite
foundation shall be subject to the inspection of the strength of the reinforced
body, the integrity of the pile body, the vertical bearing capacity of a single pile,
the load test of a single or multiple pile composite foundation. When the
construction process has an influence on the bearing capacity of the soil
between the piles, it shall also carry out the inspection of bearing capacity of
the soils, between the piles.
4.2 Foundation design
4.2.1 When the axial load actions, the pressure on the bottom surface of the
foundation shall meet the requirements of the following formula:
Where:
pk - The average pressure at the bottom of the foundation, which is
corresponding to the standard combination of actions (kPa);
fa - The corrected characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity (kPa).
4.2.2 When the eccentric load actions, the pressure on the bottom surface of
collapsible loess foundation.
4.3.3 When designing permafrost foundations, it shall be ensured that the
ground temperature of the frozen foundations remains within the allowable
range, during the normal use of the building. When calculating the bearing
capacity of permafrost foundations, it shall consider of the temperature
influence of the foundation soil. The thermal calculation of the foundation shall
include the calculation of the characteristic value of the ground temperature,
the calculation of the freezing depth of the foundation, the calculation of the
thawing depth of the foundation. Drainage measures shall be set up at the
construction site. For foundations, which are designed according to the frozen
state, the snow shall be cleared in time in winter; heat and water supply pipes
shall be thermal-insulated.
4.3.4 When the foundation soil is under-consolidated soil, collapsible loess,
liquefiable soil, or other special soils, the reinforcement and construction
technology, which are adopted in the design of the composite foundation, shall
meet the technical requirements for the load, which are jointly shared by the