GB 5180-1985 English PDF (GB5180-1985)

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GB 5180-1985: Automotive suspension--Terms and definitions
GB 5180-1985
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Automotive suspension -- Terms and definitions
ISSUED ON: MAY 11, 1985
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 01, 1986
Issued by: National Bureau of Standards
Table of Contents
1 Terms of suspension ... 3
2 Terms classified by structural type ... 3
3 Terms classified by elastic element ... 4
4 Terms of parts ... 5
Additional information: ... 14
Automotive suspension -- Terms and definitions
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions of automotive suspension.
1 Terms of suspension
No. Term Definition Illustration
1.1 suspension
A device located between the vehicle frame
(or body) and the axle (or wheel) to mitigate
and attenuate the impact and vibration
caused by the ground, while transmitting
various forces and moments acting between
the wheel and the vehicle frame (or body).
1.1.1 rigid axle suspension
A suspension type that uses a whole axle to
connect the left and right wheels and is
connected to the frame (or body) through the
suspension.
1.1.2 independent suspension
A suspension type that the left and right
wheels are not connected to a whole axle, but
are connected to the frame (or body) through
the suspension alone, and can move
independently.
1.1.3 equalizing type of suspension
A suspension type that balances the loads on
the front and rear or left and right wheels (or
axles).
Figure 1
2 Terms classified by structural type
No. Term Definition Illustration
2.1 parallel leaf spring type A suspension type with leaf springs arranged vertically on the axle. Figure 2
2.1.1 over slung type A suspension type with leaf springs mounted on the axle.
2.1.2 under slung type A suspension type with leaf springs mounted under the axle.
2.2 transversal leaf spring type A suspension type with leaf springs arranged parallel to the axle. Figure 3
2.3 double wish-bone arm type
A suspension type that uses upper and lower
wishbones to connect the wheels (or axles) to
the frame (or body).
Figure 4
2.4 double trailing arm type
A suspension type that uses upper and lower
trailing arms to connect the wheels (or axles)
to the frame (or body).
Figure 5
2.5 single swing arm type
A suspension type that uses a wishbone to
connect the wheels to the final drive (or
body).
Figure 6
2.6 single trailing arm type A suspension type that uses a trailing arm to connect the wheels to the frame (or body). Figure 7
2.7 single oblique arm type A suspension type that uses an inclined arm to connect the wheels to the frame (or body). Figure 8
2.8 four link type
In a non-independent suspension, a
suspension type that uses four (or three or
five) thrust rods to control the position of the
wheel.
Figure 9
2.9 torque tube drive type
A suspension type that the rear axle housing
is installed on the rear end of the
transmission or the body with the help of a
torque tube and ball hinge extending to the
front end.
Figure 10
2.10 De Dion type
A suspension type that the main reducer is
installed on the frame (or body), and the left
and right wheels are connected with a rigid
shaft.
Figure 11
2.11 sliding pillar type A suspension type in which the wheels move along the kingpin axis. Figure 12
2.12 Mcpherson type
A suspension type consisting of a hinged
sliding column and a lower wishbone
(sliding column-jointed type).
Figure 13
3 Terms classified by elastic element
No. Term Definition Illustration
3.1 metal spring type
A suspension type that uses metal springs
such as leaf springs, coil springs, and torsion
bar springs as elastic elements.
Figure 2
Figure 10
Figure 5
3.2 air spring type A suspension type using gas spring as elastic element. Figure 14
3.3 hydro-pneumatic spring type
A suspension type that uses liquid to transmit
load and gas as elastic element.
3.4 hydro-rubber spring type A suspension type that uses liquid to transmit load and rubber springs as elastic elements. Figure 15
3.5 rubber spring type A suspension type with rubber spring as elastic element. Figure 16